Objective To compare the efficiency of χ~2-Fisher's exact test which is one of the competitive null hypothesis approaches with SAM-GS which belongs toself-contained null hypothesis approaches. Methods The two methods were used to analyze a simulation experiment which contained five different scenarios. The results were compared with the simulated initialization,and assessing indexes were calculated to compare the efficiency. Results Under the same conditions,SAM-GS always have higher power than that of χ~2-fisher's exact test. However, the final inference is equivalent, namely if the difference between the two groups are smaller than 0.30,the two methods can not be better to identify differences between them. By contrary, when the differences between the two phenotypes are larger than 0.30, the two ways can both identify differences. Conclusion SAM-GS tends to have slightly higher power thanχ~2-Fisher' s exact test. The two methods can be used for screening enrichment gene sets of gene expression profile.χ~2-Fisher's exact test has the important advantage of being able to analyze multi-class phenotype.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus auricular point sticking in treating hemifacial spasm. Methods Fifty-six patients with hemifacial spasm were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 28 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus auricular point sticking, while the control group was by ordinary acupuncture, and the clinical efficacies were compared. Results The total effective rate was 89.3%in the treatment group versus 67.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Acupuncture plus auricular point sticking is an effective method in treating hemifacial spasm.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of calcium ion(Ca2+)on the stability of total parenteral nutrition(TPN),and to provide reference for clinical use. METHODS:4 kinds of TPN containing different contents of Ca2+were prepared according to ster-ile operation procedure,and at room temperature,their microbial limit,appearance,pH value,osmotic pressure molar concentra-tion,the number of insoluble particle and emulsion particle size were investigated at 0,2,4,6,8 and 24 h. RESULTS:Within 24 h,no bacterial colony was found in TPN,and its appearance had no obvious change;pH value of TPN were all higher than 5 at different time points,without statistical significance(P>0.05);osmotic pressure molar concentration of TPN were all within the range of normal human blood(280-310 mOsmol/kg),without statistical significance(P>0.05). As the increase of Ca2+,the num-ber of insoluble particle ≥10 μm in TPN showed increasing tendency,with statistical significance (P<0.05);that ≥25 μm had no significant change,without statistical significance (P>0.05). There was statistical significance in emulsion partial size of TPN at different time points(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ca2+ can influence the stability of TPN,manifesting as the number of insolu-ble particle ≥10 μm and emulsion partial size increase. To garantee the safety of TPN use in the clinic,the concentration of biva-lent cation in TPN prescrption should be kept in reasonable range,and TPN should be used as soon as possible after preparation.

Objective To understand the consulting relationship among students of some teaching class of epidemiology.Methods Data were collected through questionnaire and the network characteristics were analyzed with social network analysis software-NetDraw.Results The consulting network relation of this class was loosening,but there were a few people who have more degree and betweenness than others;some cliques were associated with major and sex.Conclusions Social network analysis can help teacher understand the consulting relationship among students,which may provide the base for making the management strategy on teaching class.

【Objective】The effect of sinomenine on human cyclo-oxygenase(COX) and interleukin-1?(IL-1?) was observed to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of sinomenine.【Methods】Peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC) were isolated and incubated with sinomenine.After incubation,total RNA from PBMC was extracted and the effect of sinomenine on COX and IL-1? expression with or without the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was observed by the method of semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).【Results】Sinomenine had no effect on COX-1 gene expression,had a slight inhibitory effect on COX-2 gene expression and had a strong inhibitory effect on IL-1? gene expression.【Conclusion】 The anti-inflammatory mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To assess the effect of variable durations of warm ischemia on renal function early after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy ( LPN ) and make the definite safety duration of renal warm ischemia.Methods The clinical data of 76 patients treated with LPN from October 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into 3 groups based on warm ischemic time,namely group A (28 cases) with warm ischemia time less than 20 min,group B (34 cases) with warm ischemia time more than 20 min and less than 30 min, group C ( 14 cases ) with warm ischemia time more than 30 min.LPN was performed with renal artery clamping alone in all the patients.Preoperative and postoperative renal scintigraphic scan was performed to access glomerular filtration rate ( GFR) in all patients.The GFR values were compared among before, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation.The factors predicting the early renal injury were assessed by multivariate regression analysis.Results The renal GFR of the kidney underwent LPN decreased 19.43(17.70,22.06) ml/min at 1 week,17.04(13.94,20.70) ml/min at 1 month,13.82(10.72,18.73) ml/min at 3 months after the surgery in group C,respectively.In group A, the renal GFR of the operated-side decreased 12.07(10.91,13.42) ml/min,10.04(9.16,11.75) ml/min, 8.44(7.07,9.72) ml/min,respectively.In group B, the renal GFR of the operated-side decreased 13.64 (12.48,16.72) ml/min,10.29(9.17,14.27)ml/min,9.63(7.85,12.59) ml/min,respectively.The GFR decreased greater in group C than that in group A and B(P<0.05).The total renal GFR decreased (10.70 ± 4.93)ml/min at three months in group C,compared with (5.64 ±4.12)ml/min in group A and (6.37 ± 4.32)ml/min in group B,respectively.The decreased value in group C was greater than that in group A and B(P<0.05).However,the differences of the total renal GFR among the 3 groups were not significant at 1 week and 1 month(P>0.05).The multivariate regression analysis revealed that warm ischemia duration was the independent risk factor of the early renal injury.Conclusions Warm ischemia duration is the major factor regarding the early renal recovery after LPN.Warm ischemia time more than 30 min may not only greatly affect the renal function but also the renal function recovery rate.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and imaging features of the sellar region lesions in children.Methods The clinical and imaging features of 112 cases with sellar region lesions were analyzed retrospectively,which were confirmed by pathology.Results 37 cases were craniopharyngiomas, which had two main symptoms of intracranial hypertension(57%)and diabetes insipidus(11%).On imaging it demonstrated as a calcified cystic tumor(81%).18 cases were gliomas, the main clinical feature of which was decreased visual acuity,13 of them were pilocytic astrocytoma, which manifested as a solid tumor with significantly enhancement(94%).16 cases were germ cell tumors,the main complaint was diabetes insipidus (75%),13 of them were germinoma, which showed iso-high density on CT and moderate enhancement after administration of contrast.And it showed high signal intensity on DWI.7 cases were hamartoma,86% patients of which showed gelasmus epilepsy,the imaging showed iso-signal masses with no enhacement in the hypothalamic papillary region.5 cases were LCH,80% of which had the complaint of diabetes insipidus,imaging findings manifested as thinkened pituitary stalk and loss of hyperintensity of posterior pituitary on T1WI.3 cases were pituitary tumors.23 cases were Rathke's cleft cysts,3 cases were arachnoid cyst.Most of the patients presented with headache.Conclusion The clinical and imaging features shows some specific features, which is helpful to improve the correct rate of diagnosis and provide the basis for further treatment.

Objective To study the degradation of hepatitis C virus(HCV) genome before and after methylene blue photochemistry(MB-P) treatment of the plasma.Methods MB was added to HCV positive plasma to a final concentration of 1.0?mol/L.The plasma was then exposed to 30000 Lux fluorescence.Plasma samples were then collected at different times of exposure.Real-time PCR was used to quantitatively study the course of the HCV-RNA degradation.The whole genome was screened for integrity by RT-PCR with 8 pairs of specific primers which targeted sequential overlapping sections of HCV genome.Results Results of real-time PCR showed that the copy number of HCV-RNA was continuously decreasing during MB-P treatment.RT-PCR results showed that the reactivity of different sections of the HCV genome to MB-P was significantly different and indicated that the 5' end and 3' end were more stable. Conclusion MB-P treatment could degrade HCV RNA with various sensitivities to different sections of the genome.RNA degradation may play an important role in plasma virus inactivation.Detection of HCV genomic RNA might be clinically useful to monitor the process and efficiency of virus inactivation.

Objective:To study the epidemiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in pupils of Zhenjiang urban districts. Methods: Questionnaire was designed and employed for parents of 3 698 pupils at schools in Zhenjiang urban districts. ADHD was diagnosed according to the international DSM-Ⅳ scale. Differences were determined by Qi-square test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of ADHD was 6.54% in pupils of Zhenjiang urban districts, and was 9.14% in male pupils and 4.01% in female. There was significant difference between 2 gender groups (? 2=34.933,P

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers of population in hospital and to provide the basis for prevention and control of virus B hepatitis .Methods 11 210 people in hospital who had accepted HBV serological testing were enrolled ,and were divided into >0 -25-year old group(n=3 553) and >25 -50-year old group(n=7 651) according to their ages .Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) and Roche Cobas E601 Automatic Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer were employed to detect serum HBV surface antigen (HBsAg ) ,anti-HBV surface anti-body(HBsAb) ,HBV e antigen(HBeAg) ,anti-HBV e antibody(HBeAb) and anti-HBV core antibody(HBcAb) .Results HBsAg positive rates of subjects in > 0 -25-year old group and > 25 -50-year old group were 16 .16% and 21 .19% ,respectively .The overall positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb and full-negative rate were 19 .59% (2 195/11 204) ,37 .02% (4 148/11 204) and 11 .84% (1 327/11 204) ,respectively .Conclusion Distribution characteristics of HBV markers of population in hospital may pro-vide a reliable basis for taking effective protective and control measures against virus B hepatitis .