To provide a foundation for the development of rapid and specific methods for the diagnosis of rabies virus infection,anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies were prepared and rabies virus nucleoprotein and human rabies virus vaccine strain (PV strain) were used as immunogens to immunize 6-8 week old female BALB/c mice.Spleen cells and SP2/0 myeloma cells were fused according to conventional methods:the monoclonal cell strains obtained were selected using the indirect immunofluorescence test; this was followed by preparation of monoclonal antibody ascitic fluid; and finally,systematic identification of subclass,specificity and sensitivity was carried out.Two high potency and specific monoclonal antibodies against rabies virus were obtained and named 3B12 and 4A12,with ascitic fluid titers of 1∶8000 and 1∶10000,respectively.Both belonged to the IgG2a subclass.These strains secrete potent,stable and specific anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies,which makes them well suited for the development of rabies diagnosis reagents.

Objective To evaluate the value of enzyme-linked immunospot assay (TB ELISPOT) combined with serum latex agglutination test (LA) for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis plus pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods Serum and biopsy specimens of 76 patients, who were suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis and/or pulmonary cryptococcosis based on clinical and imaging features, were collected from March 2006 to September 2008 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. TB ELISPOT assay, LA and histopathological examination were performed in all the patients. Results Histopathological and pathogenic examination confirmed pulmonary cryptococcosis in 15 cases and pulmonary tuberculosis in 22 cases, pulmonary tuberculosis plus pulmonary cryptococcosis in 8 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of TB ELISPOT were 91% and 94.4%. The sensitivity and specificity of LA were both 100%. TB ELISPOT assay and LA test were both positive in the 8 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis plus pulmonary cryptococcosis.Conclusions The value of enzyme-linked immunospot assay combined with serum latex agglutination test is high for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis plus pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing, so as to provide insights into tobacco control among adolescents. Methods: The students in junior high school, high school and vocational high school were recruited from Haidian District using the stratified cluster random sampling method in October of 2019, and subjects' demographic features and use of e-cigarettes were collected using the Questionnaire for Survey on Tobacco Prevalence among Adolescents in China in 2019. The factors affecting e-cigarette use were identified among adolescents using the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 658 adolescents were investigated, including 315 junior high school students ( 47.87% ), 221 high school students ( 33.59% ), and 122 vocational high school students ( 18.54% ), and there were 261 boys ( 39.66% ), and 397 girls ( 60.34% ). There were 605 students that had heard of electronic cigarettes ( 91.95% ), 63 students that had used e-cigarettes (9.57%), and 23 students with current use of e-cigarettes ( 3.50% ), and there were 39 students that had never used electronic cigarettes but had a tendency of use in the future ( 6.55% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified parental smoking ( OR=2.408, 95%CI: 1.179-4.916 ), close friends' smoking ( OR=3.597, 95%CI: 1.715-7.544 ) and cigarette smoking ( OR=23.029, 95%CI: 11.092-47.812 ) as factors affecting e-cigarette use among adolescents. Conclusions The prevalence of electronic cigarette uses is 9.57% among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing. Parental smoking, peer smoking and use of cigarettes may facilitate the use of e-cigarettes among adolescents.

Objective To investigate changes in expressions of activation antigens CD69 and HLA-DR in CD3+T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and skin lesions in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 20 healthy controls, and skin specimens from the lesions of 15 out of the 20 patients and 10 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was performed to quantify the expressions of CD69 and HLA-DR in peripheral blood CD3+T cells, and an immunohistochemical study to measure the expression of HLA-DR in skin specimens. Statistical analysis was carried out by a two-sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis with the SPSS 19.0 software. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with psoriasis vulgaris showed increased expression rates of CD69 (4.70%± 1.90%vs. 1.56%± 0.95%, t=6.629, P<0.01)and HLA-DR (8.97%± 1.79% vs. 3.02% ± 1.15%, t= 6.204, P< 0.01)in peripheral blood. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the percentage of CD3+HLA-DR+cells in peripheral blood was positively correlated with the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI)score (r=0.5626, P<0.05). The expression rate of HLA-DR was significantly higher in the dermis (64.87%± 17.31%vs. 19.80%± 5.69%, t=7.916, P<0.01), but lower in the epidermis(11.80%± 5.55%vs. 27.40%± 8.61%, t=5.479, P<0.01)in the psoriatic specimens compared with the control specimens. Immunohistochemically, HLA-DR was widely expressed in the dermis of psoriatic lesions, but mainly distributed around blood vessels in the control skin. Conclusions There is an aberrant activation of CD3+T cells in peripheral blood and inflammatory cells in skin lesions in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, and the percentage of CD3 +HLA-DR+ cells in peripheral blood is correlated with the severity of psoriasis vulagaris.

Objective The purpose of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) alone or in combination to observe the distribution of white matter lesions and cortical malfunctional areas in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with mild cognitive decline and to explore the relationship between the DTI and the rs-fMRI methods.Methods Twenty-six HIV infected patients with mild cognitive impairment and 30 healthy volunteers were selected by Montreal Cognitive Asessment (MoCA) scale evaluation.DTI data and rs-fMRI data were obtained,fractional anisotropy (FA) value images were obtained with voxel based analysis and the resting-state default mode network (DMN),functional connectivity images were obtained with cingulate gyrus as a seed point.Overlay images were obtained with FA,DMN and Ch2 standard images.Results Compared with the control group,the white matter FA values were significantly decreased in the left precuneus(t=4.0499,P＜0.005) and right precuneus (t=5.1553,P＜0.005),right superior frontal gyrus(t=5.1517,5.1484,P＜0.005),right middle frontal gyrus (t=4.1444,P＜0.005),right precentral gyrus (t=3.7395,P＜0.005),right occipital lobe (t=7.2236,P＜0.005),and right inferior parietal lobule (t=4.1450,P＜0.005) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients.In resting-state default mode network,areas significantly related to cingulate gyrus seed point included the left cingulate gyrus (t =32.78,P＜0.005),left precuneus (t =4.51,P＜0.005),left superior frontal gyrus (t =14.33,4.53,P＜0.005),left middle temporal gyrus (t =10.01,5.72,P＜ 0.005),left inferior temporal gyrus (t =5.99,P＜0.005),left parahippocampal gyrus (t =7.63,P＜0.005),right posterior cingulate (t =34.81,P＜0.005),right precuneus (t=32.09,P＜0.005),right superior frontal gyrus(t =14.12,P＜0.005),right middle frontal gyrus (t=17.71,P＜0.005),right superior temporal gyrus (t=14.59,P＜0.005),and right middle temporal gyrus (t=11.83,P＜0.005); while areas not significantly related to the cingulate gyrus seed point included the left precuneus (t =5.39,P＜0.01),left anterior cingulate gyrus (t =3.66,P＜0.01),left cerebellar tonsils (t =7.51,P＜0.01),right superior parietal lobule (t=4.44,P＜0.01),right parahippocampa gyrus (t =3.69,P＜0.01),and right cerebellar tonsil (t=6.15,P＜0.01).Overlayed images showed that the white matter FA value of the left precuneus were decreased and the functional activitis of the corresponding cortex were significantly decreased; while the white matter FA values of the left precuneus,right precuneus,right superior frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus were decreased without affection of the functional activity of the corresponding cortex in AIDS patients.Conclusion White matter nerve fiber disconnection of multiple brain regions and its corresponding cortical function decline with compensatory activity co-participated in the pathogenesis of AIDS mild cognitive decline.

Objective To investigate the alterations of regional spontaneous activity in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) during resting state.Methods Twenty-seven patients with CTN (CTN group) and 27 healthy subjects (control group) were recruited and underwent a rest-state functional MRI.The regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis was used to compare the differences of regional synchronization of spontaneous brain activity.And correlation tests were performed between ReHo values in the abnormal brain areas and clinical metrics (visual analogue scale and disease duration) of the disease.Results Compared with control group (P＜0.05,Gaussian random field correction),ReHo increased in bilateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and primary motor cortex (M1),right supplementary motor area (SMA),inferotemporal cortex and cerebellum,left thalamus,limbic lobe,parahippocampa gyrus,middle and superior temporal gyrus in CTN group;ReHo decreased in bilateral insula,prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex,right frontal medial cortex and superior temporal gyrus,left anterior cingulate area,supramarginal gyrus and cerebellum in CTN group.ReHo values in right frontal medial cortex was negatively correlated with the course of disease (r=-0.45,P=0.03).The ReHo values of left primary sensorimotor cortex were positively correlated with the visual analogue scale scores (r=0.46,P=0.02).Conclusion CTN patients has abnormal functional homogeneity of spontaneous brain activity in regions involved in the pain processing,which can help understanding mechanism of CTN.

Objective To prepare a new-type acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and research on its relevant performance,which would provide theoretical evidence for clinical application.Methods Skin of Bama suckling pig was taken as resource of skin,and technologies of physics,chemistry and biology were selected to prepare new-type ADM.To detect the external structure,physical and chemical property as well as biological property of the prepared new-type ADM,hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining observation,scanning electron microscope observation,amino acid analysis,material porosity and hydrophilicity test,tensile strength and in vitro degradation experiment,cytotoxicity test,and animal experiment have been conducted.Results New-type ADM cells have been thoroughly removed and dermal matrix remains intact with collagen content of 95.55％,connective three-dimensional pore structure,(85.03 ± O.99) ％ of porosity,(24.56 ± 0.57) ° of contact angle implying new-type ADM was hydrophilic substance,(5.48 ± 0.44) Pa of tensile strength implying its moderate level of pulling force,in vitro degradation period reduced to (28.7 ± O.76) h,and ＞75％ relative growth rate (RGR).Cells grew and proliferated on new-type ADM and could be replaced by original tissue after degradation.Conclusions New-type ADM have overcome disadvantages of traditional preparation method in sabotaging dermal matrix structure and incompletely removing cells from matrix,which is qualified with higher level of collagen content and porosity.With improved biological property,greatly reduced inflammation immunoreactions,and accelerated degradation rate,new-type ADM is of higher level of clinical application value.

Objective: To apply eye-tracking technology to measure the fixation duration of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) towards emotional faces, so as to provide potential objective indicators for the diagnosis and intervention of ASD. Methods: Case-control studies related to emotional faces in ASD children and adolescents aged 3-18 years were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang, with a search period spanning from the inception of the databases to April 1, 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to assess the quality of the retrieved articles, and a Meta analysis was conducted by Stata 17.0 software. Results: A total of 18 articles were included, encompassing 361 participants in the ASD group and 413 in the control group. All studies scored ≥6 on the NOS, indicating high research quality. Compared to the control group, the ASD group demonstrated significantly shorter fixation duration ( P <0.01) towards specific emotional faces, including happy faces under the paradigm of self-made and same ethnicity emotional faces ( SMD =-1.05, -1.16), neutral faces in domestic literature ( SMD = -1.00), angry and sad faces under clinical diagnosis criteria ( SMD =-1.73, -1.29), and fearful faces under Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders, Version 3 (CCMD-Ⅲ) ( SMD =-1.51). Conclusion Children and adolescents with ASD exhibit abnormal eye tracking indicators towards certain emotional faces, which may serve as early warning indicators for the diagnosis of ASD.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) biliary stent implantation in patients with unresectable malignant biliary stricture (MBS) and the influencing factors of overall survival.Methods:The clinical data of 346 patients who underwent ERCP biliary stent implantation due to MBS from May 2013 to October 2016 in Xijing Digestive Disease Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital and Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, and the efficacy, complications and risk factors affecting overall survival were also analyzed.Results:After ERCP biliary stent implantation, the levels of total bilirubin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase were lower than those before surgery (all P < 0.01). The incidence of infection after operation was 14.7% (51/346), and the incidence of biliary infection was 13.0% (45/346). The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) was 4.6% (16/346). The median survival time after ERCP was 131.0 d (70.3 d, 246.5 d). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors affecting the overall survival patients included the hilar bile duct stenosis ( HR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.44-2.38, P < 0.01), preoperative bilirubin level exceeding the upper limit of normal level by 5 times ( HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.30-2.36, P < 0.01), carbohydrate antigen 199 level exceeding the upper limit of normal level by 10 times ( HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.00-1.61, P = 0.050), vascular and organ metastasis ( HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.04-1.69, P = 0.023), and the poor jaundice decreasing level ( HR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.02-1.85, P = 0.037) . Conclusions:The ERCP biliary stent implantation is a safe and effective therapy for MBS. ERCP biliary stent implantation MBS patients with hilar bile duct stenosis, preoperative bilirubin levels more than 5 times of the upper limit of normal level, carbohydrate antigen 199 levels more than 10 times of the upper limit of normal level, vascular and organ metastasis, and poor jaundice decreasing level may have poor overall survival.

Objective By taking usage of bioinformatics screening methods,this medical research aimed at exploring how the miRNAs in endothelial progenitor cell exosomes relate to the regulation of angiogenesis.Methods miRNAs in endothelial progenitor cells exosomes and angiogenesis-related miRNA was intersected from the existing database to obtain the candidates of miRNA molecules related to angiogenesis in endothelial progenitor exosomes.Results 160 and 50 miRNAs in endothelial progenitor cell candidates were obtained through experimental data analysis and literature searching respectively.600 candidates of angiogenesis-related miRNAs were obtained through literature searching;the top 20 with the highest frequency were selected out.Finally,9 miRNA candidates (miR-126,miR-21,miR-221,miR-92a,miR-199a,miR-210,miR-214,miR-155,miR-146a) that may be highly expressed in endothelial progenitor exosomes and associated with angiogenesis were obtained for the following research.Conclusions Based on data analysis and literature searching,bioinformatics could screen out the target miRNAs for follow-up studies easily and reliably,it is worthy to be widely applied and popularized.