Objective To study the related factors and how they influence the formation of collateral circulation in patients with severe coronary arteries stenosis. Methods A total of 111 consecutive patients were catagorized into 3 groups according to their grading of collateral connections which were: CC0 (n=27), CC1 (n=45) and CC2 (n=39) respectively. Serum lipid levels were measured including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein. All patients received UCG examination within one week after admission. Results (1)Serum lipid levels: the total cholestoral level in the CC2 group (4.23?0.71 mmol/) was lower than those of the CC0 group (4.81?0.88 mmol/L, P0.05) and the CC2 group (1.40?0.24 mmol/L, P

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of T-cell receptor (TCR) Ⅴβ subfamily in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) patients.Methods Twenty-eight patients with HBV-ACLF (HBV-ACLF group) and 32 patients with chronic hepatitis B flare (CHB-F group),who were treated in The Second People's Hospital from Oct.2010 to Mar.2012,and 20 healthy controls (HC group) were included in the study.Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the levels of TCR Ⅴβ subfamily and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α)] in the three groups.The comparison among three groups was done by one-way analysis of variance and the comparison between two groups was done by LSD-t test or rank sum test.Results The three groups had similar gender and age distribution (all P＞0.05).The HBV-ACLF group had significant different profiles of total bilirubin,albumin,prothrombin activity,international normalized ratio and cholesterol tatol compared with the CHB-F group (all P＜0.05).For patients in the HBV-ACLF group,the serum IL-2,IL-4,and IL-10 levels were lower(all P=0.000),and the IL-6 and IFN γ levels were higher than those of the HC group (all P=0.000).The IL-4,IL-10,and TNF-α levels in the CHB-F group were also significantly lower than those of the HC group (all P=0.000).Compared with the CHB-F group,the HBV-ACLF group had significantly lower IL-2,IL-10,and TNF-α levels (P=0.003,0.002,0.004),and higher IL-6 and IFN-γ levels (P=0.015,0.006).By one-way analysis of variance,there were significantly differences of △Ct1,△Ct5,△Ct7,△Ct12,△Ct15,△Ct20,△Ct22,and △Ct23 among the three groups (H=20.368,14.368,19.500,31.532,19.985,19.116,41.752 and 20.649,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of TCR Ⅴβ subfamily and cytokines are changed in HBV-ACLF patients.

Objective To reveal the role of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase alpha (IKKα) in renal inflammation after renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and its potential associated mechanism.Methods Ischemia-reperfusion injury models were induced in a total of 24 healthy C57BL/6 male mice.Renal function and histological changes were estimated.The expression and site of IKKα,p52,RelB,IL-10 and IL-18 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.After the short hairpin RNA(shRNA)targeting IKKα was injected into renal parenchyma,renal function and protein expressions of IKKα,p52,RelB,IL-10,IL-18 were detected.Results Compared with sham-operated group[Scr(7.30±0.13) μmol/L,BUN (8.39± 0.30) mmol/L],levels of Scr [(29.80± 2.10)μmol/L,(27.00±3.40) μmol/L,(23.00±3.70) μmol/L] and BUN [(9.47±3.50) mmol/L,(11.68 ±4.30)mmol/L,(13.12±2.10) mmol/L] were higher on day 1,3,7 and the injury of kidney was serious in IR injury group.Immunohistochemical expression of both IL-18 and IL-10 were increased.Markedly increased IKKα,p52 and RelB protein expression were noted in experiments from day 1 to day 7 during kidney recovery period,with a peak on day 3 and then decreasing toward baseline after day 7.Compared with IR injury group,low-expression of IKKα by injection of shRNA up-regulated the expression of IL-18 and down-regulated the expression of IKKα,p52,RelB and IL-10.Conclusions The NF-κB pathway is activated and IKKα expression is up-regulated during the kidney ischemiareperfusion injury,low-expression of IKKα may block inflammation resolution via down-regulation of alternative NF-κB pathway family members of both p52 and RelB.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasound in sebaceous gland carcinoma of eyelid (SC).Methods The ultrasonic characteristic for 11 cases with eyelid SC were respectively analyzed by using 13 MHz high frequency ultrasound and 22 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound.Results Through 13 MHz high frequency ultrasound,in 7 patients who exhibited Pagetoid invasion the lid shin thickness of tumor side displays no significant alteration in a comparison with normal side.Furthermore,the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) evealed a branch-like blood flow surrounding the masses in all cases,but the blood flow of seven patients with Pagetoid invasion had no difference compared with the healthy side.On 22 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound examination,slit-like low echo was found in 9 ;transition zone of tumor infiltration can be identified in 9 ; the echo of tumors with Pagetoid invasion was lower than the healthy side and the skin thickness of tumors with Pagetoid invasion was thicker (0.6 ±0.1) mm than the healthy side.CDFI revealed that mesh-basket like blood flow was rich in all patients,the small branch blood vessels arrived at subcutaneous,and vasa vasorum were found in some patients.The region with Pagetoid invasion was rich in blood flow.The sonography findings on 13 MHz and 22 MHz high frequency ultrasound examination were compared with chisquare test.There were significant differences on homogeneous echo,slit-like low echo,transition zone of tumor infiltration,infiltration skin thickness,blood distribution,central blood vessels,vasa vasorum,blood flow in the region with Pagetoid invasion (x2 =12.571,15.231,15.231,4.701,22.000,15.231,4.899,10.267,P＜0.05).Conclusions Slit-like low echo in the mass is a main finding of eyelid sebaceous gland cercinoma on the 22 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound.The ultra-high frequency ultrasound can accurately reveal the skin depth infiltrated by the eyelid sebaceous gland cercinoma and this method can provide solid guidance for clinical treatment strategies.

Objective To explore ear reconstruction using autologous rib cartilage ear framework by multi-layer spliced sculpture in microtia patients.Methods From Feb 2010 to May 2011,29 microtia patients were subjected to ear reconstruction using autologous rib cartilage ear framwork by four-layer spliced sculpture.Results In one operation 29 patients achieved 2 cm transverse height of reconstructed ears which were basically coincidence with the normal side.Patents and their families were all satisfied with the results.Follow-up of 3-12 months showed that only 1 case reconstructed-ear height was significantly lower transverse process.Owing to sleeping position,the patient did not protect the reconstructed ear,leading to frequent reconstructed-ear pressure.Conclusions The method of multi-layer spliced sculpture autologous rib cartilage ear reconstruction has good clinical effect.It can make reconstructed ear reach nomal transverse height and avoid the third rib cartilage transplant operation to continue increasing the transvers height.

Objective To study the effect of interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (IL-10-/-) on renal repair after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.Methods Eighteen IL-10-/-mice (KO) aged 8-10 weeks and 18 C57BL/6 wild type mice (WT) aged 8-10 weeks were divided into control group (Sham) and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) group.The renal tissue morphology change was observed by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining.The expressions of IL-18, Ki67 and TGF-β1 were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of TGF-beta1 and IL-18 were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with that in WT-IRI group, in KO-IRI group renal pathological damage was more severe, renal interstitial fibrosis was visible, Ki67 expression of renal tubular epithelial cells decreased distinctly (P＜0.01), the expression of TGF-betal increased significantly (P＜0.01).Conclusion Repair slows down significantly after kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and fibrosis occurs gradually in IL-10-/-mice, eventually progressing to chronic kidney disease.

Objective To retrospectively study the serum IgG and IgM antibodies against toxoplasma, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1&2 in various populations, and analyze the clinical values.Methods From 2008 to 2015, 2 661 pregnant women, 324 infertile women, 2 492 women with abnormal pregnancy history, 623 women with recent abnormal pregnancy, 261 infants with intrauterine growth retardation and other diseases, 170 women for preconceptual examination, and 702 women for physical examination in Beijing were included .Commercial EIA kits were used to detect serum IgG and IgM antibodies to toxoplasma, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1&2. Positive reactions of IgM antibodies to any pathogens were re-tested with another kind of commercial EIA kit. PEMS3.1 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence of serum IgG or IgM antibodies against toxoplasma, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1& 2 were found within 0.7%-1.6%(0-1.2%) , 85.3%-92.0% ( 0.4%-2.7%) , 89.1%-94.9% ( 0.7%-1.7%) , 74.8%-86.0% ( 0 -0.7%) , 8.1% -17.4% ( 0 -4.1%) respectively in the studied population groups.The prevalence of TORCH IgG and IgM antibodies were not found to be higher in both populations with past suspicious exposure ( infertile women and women with abnormal pregnancy history ) and recent suspicious exposure ( women with recent abnormal pregnancy and infants with intrauterine growth retardation and other diseases) than that in pregnant women and women for preconceptual and physical examination. Conclusion No associations between TORCH infections and the suspicious exposure were found in the populations above.

Objective To investigate the aggressive signs of benign spinal lesions appearing on medical imaging and their impact on diagnosis.Methods 139 cases of benign spinal lesions with aggressive signs confirmed by pathology of needle aspiration or surgery were reviewed,including 18 cases of osteoblastoma(OB),12 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst(ABC),14 cases of osteoenchondroma (OC),19 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH),15 cases of hemangioma (HA),34 cases of tuberculous spondylitis (TS),and 27 cases of pyogenic spondylitis (PS).All patients underwent radiography,119 cases CT plain scan,75 cases MRI scan,and 57 cases performed all the three imaging modalities.The aggressive signs,including bulging of posterior margin of the vertebral body,pathological compression fractures,ill-defined boundary,abnormal soft tissue mass,bone marrow and soft tissue edema were showed.The benign and malignant misdiagnosis rate,the consistent rate of diagnosis with pathology were statistically analysed.Results Bulging of posterior margin of the vertebral body were found in 2 cases of OB,1 case ABC,3 cases LCH,1 case OC,6 cases HA,6 cases TS,2 cases PS.Pathological compression fracture were found in 6 cases of OB,10 cases ABC,16 cases LCH,4 cases HA,21 cases TS,16 cases PS.Ill defined boundary were found in 3 cases of OB,8 cases HA,34 cases TS,27 cases PS.The abnormal soft tissue around spine were found in 6 cases of OB,2 cases ABC,15 cases LCH,10 cases TS,15 cases PS.Bone marrow and soft tissue edema were found in 5 cases of OB,4 cases ABC,10 cases LCH,4 cases HA,30 cases TS,27 cases PS.For benign and malignant misdiagnosis rate,MRI was better than CT(P＜ 0.05).For accuracy of the consistent rate with pathology,CT was better than MRI(P＜0.05).The integrated application of the three imaging methods could significantly improve diagnostic accuracy (P＜0.05).Conclusion The imaging features benign spinal lesions are various,which may be associated with aggressive signs.A comprehensive method combined with three kinds of imaging methods,is a simple and feasible way to avoid the misdiagnosis.

Objective: To understand changes and health equity of low vision in children and adolescents in Chongqing, and to provide reference for student myopia prevention and control. Methods: Using longitudinal studies, all school students in grades 1 to grade 12 in Chongqing were examined for visual acuity during 2018 to 2021, and the prevalence as well as changes of low vision were analyzed. In 2021, stratified random sampling was used to evaluate the health equity of uncorrected visual acuity and diopter(spherical equivalent, SE). Results: The prevalence of low vision for children and adolescents in Chongqing from 2018 to 2021 was 54.12%, 58.17%, 60.03% and 58.20% respectively. Low vision showed an increasing trend in the first three years and decreased by 1.83% in 2021 as compared with 2020( χ 2 trend =13 870.45, P <0.01). The difference in the detection rate of poor vision among students in different grades was statistically significant( χ 2=17 396.36, 2 093.95, 771.87, P <0.01). From 2018 to 2021, the detection rate of low vision in girls was higher than that of boys( P <0.01). The Gini coefficient was 0.054 57 for uncorrected visual acuity in urban area, higher than in rural areas (0.035 94). Meanwhile, the Gini coefficient of urban and rural SE was 0.065 82, higher than the country (0.049 30). The results showed that myopia in children and adolescents was more uneven in urban areas. Conclusion The adjustment of myopia prevention and control strategies in the late stage of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic is related to the reduction of the detection rate of poor vision in children and adolescents in Chongqing. Low vision varied by grade and gender, suggesting tailored myopia prevention and control strategy. The detection rate of poor vision in cities is more uneven than in rural areas, and different myopia prevention and control measures need to be implemented according to regional characteristics.

OBJECTIVESTo explore the association between elevated light levels in classrooms and change in vision acuity among elementary and secondary students.

METHODSA total of 4 elementary (grade 1-5) and secondary (grade 7-8) schools in urban and rural areas in Sujiatun, Shenyang, China were selected by cluster sampling as experimental schools, and lighting systems have been rebuilt to improve the ambient light levels in 56 classrooms in November 2012. The control schools were chosen for the comparable academic burden and adjacent location to experimental schools, 4 schools in all. Cluster sampling of all students in the selected schools as the subjects was carried out. A total of 2 092 students were chosen as experimental group and 1 595 students were in the control group. The luxmeter was used to measure illuminance of classrooms in two groups at baseline, and intervention for 1 month, respectively.Students in both groups were underwent 3 times for vision acuity examination by standard logarithmic visual acuity chart at baseline, intervention for 6 month and intervention for 1 year, respectively. The light levels of desk and blackboard in two groups were compared by Wilcoxon test. Multivariate analysis of covariance with repeated measures was performed to assess three vision acuity results between groups.

RESULTSAfter intervention, the average illuminance of desk (117.5 vs 532.5 lx, Z = -5.38, P < 0.001) and blackboard (75.6 vs 423.5 lx, Z = -5.38, P < 0.001) and uniformity of desk (Z = -4.28, P < 0.001) with new lighting were improved significantly than that with old lighting, however the uniformity of blackboard was lower than baseline significantly (0.64 vs 0.70, Z = -2.34, P = 0.019). The average scores of vision acuity in students at baseline, intervention for 6 month and intervention for 1 year were 4.87 ± 0.23, 4.84 ± 0.25 and 4.85 ± 0.23 in experimental group, and 4.88 ± 0.22, 4.84 ± 0.25 and 4.81 ± 0.27 in control group, respectively. The significant differences between groups were found and F values were 1.41, 0.13, 19.99, P values were 0.235,0.724, <0.001. At last the average vision acuity in experimental group were significantly better than that in control group either among elementary (4.90 ± 0.20) vs (4.87 ± 0.21) score, F = 13.61, P < 0.001 or secondary students (4.73 ± 0.28) vs (4.68 ± 0.32) score, F = 14.25, P < 0.001.

CONCLUSIONSVisual acuity loss could be decreased in students with elevated light levels which may slow the response to myopiagenic stimuli for eyes, therefore the ambient light levels of blackboard and desk in classroom should be improved.