Morphology and microstructure of five herbal .medicines of the Bidens genus (Compositae )inChina were studied, and their resource utilization discussed. They are B. bipinnata, B.biternata, B. parviflora, B. tripartita and B. frondosa.

Objective:To study the relationship between alpha seine/threonine-protein kinase (p-Akt)-serine/ threonine-protein kinase (mTOR)-ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway and clinicopathological features or chemoresistance of ovarian cancer.Methods:We checked the p-Akt,mTOR and p70S6K protein levels in 18 tissues with chemoresistance or 25 with chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer by immunohistochemistry technique,and analyzed the relationship between those proteins and clinicopathological features or chemoresistance of ovarian cancer.Results:The levels of p-Akt protein in ovarian serous carcinoma,mucinous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma were 77.14%,50.00% and 66.67%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of these proteins in well-middle differentiated carcinoma and low differentiated carcinoma were 73.33% and 75.00%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of these proteins in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage carcinoma,and Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage carcinoma were 18.18% and 93.75%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels ofmTOR protein in ovarian serous carcinoma,mucinous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma were 77.14%,100.00% and 83.33%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of this protein in well-middle differentiated carcinoma and low differentiated carcinoma were 80.00% and 78.57%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of this protein in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage carcinoma,and Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage carcinoma were 27.27% and 96.88%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of p70S6K protein in ovarian serous carcinoma,mucinous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma were 80.00%,100.00% and 100.00%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of this protein in well-middle differentiated carcinoma and low differentiated carcinoma were 93.33% and 78.57%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of this protein in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage carcinoma,and Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage carcinoma were 45.45% and 96.88%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of p-Akt protein in tissue of chemoresistance and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer were 88.89% and 64.00%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of mTOR protein in tissue of chemoresistance and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer were 94.44% and 68.00%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of p70S6K protein in tissue of chemoresistance and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer were 100.00% and 72.00%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion:The p-Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway may take part in invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer.The up-regulation of these proteins may be associated with the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer,and these proteins may have potential to be the prognostic markers for the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer.

Objective To discuss the epidemiological situation of Streptococcus pyogens infection and drug sensitivity results in children in Meilong area in Shanghai,China,and provided scientific pathogen information for clinic infection control and treatment.Methods This was a retrospective study.The group A Streptococcus pyogens strains which were isolated from a total of 1 069 throat swab samples of pediatrics patients between May 2014 and April 2015,the strains were used the method of molecular biology for emm type and MLST and PFGE,part of the strains were used the Kirby-Bauer method for drug sensitivity test.To analyze the infection characteristics,epidemic tendency and drug sensitivity of GAS in different seasons and different age groups.Results A total of 274 S.pyogens strains were detected,the positive rate was 25.63％,the main types of emm were emm1(38.83％)and emm12(52.75％),the others were 8.42％.The main types of MLST were ST-28,ST-36,ST-49.emm types were closely related with MLST and PFGE clust.Among them,emm1/ST28,emm12/ST36,emm75/ST49 were related to each other,the same emm types were mostly the same cluster of PFGE.During this study,the patients were 3-13 years old,and the high infection age were 6-11 years old.The prevalent infection time were May 2014 and June 2014 and between Novemer 2014 to January 2015 and April 2015.The sensitivity rate of beta-lactamase drugs such as penicillin and ampicillin and levofloxacin,vancomycin and linezolid were 100％,the resistance rate of clindamycin and erythromycin and tetracycline were more than 95％.Conclusion The most popular genotype of GAS was emm12,the main age of infected patients were 6-11 years old,and the epidemic season were winter-spring and early summer in Meilong area,Shanghai,China,and beta-lactamase drugs were the first choice for GAS infection.

Objective To investigate the expressions of E-cadherin (E-cad)in arterial chemoembolization interventional therapied bladder carcinoma.Methods The expressions of E-cad in bladder tumor tissues of30 non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with preoperative interventional chemotherapy and 20 invasive bladder carcinoma treated with surgical were measured by streptavi-din-peroxidase immunohisto chemical method.The changes of E-cad expression in bladder carcinoma before and after interventional treatment were analyzed.Results The averaged normal expressions rate of E-cad in non-muscle-invasive and muscle invasive bladder carcinoma was 70.0% (21/30),25.0% (5/20)respectively.The averaged normal expressions rate of E-cad after interventional treatment was improved to 90% (27/30),the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 ).Conclusion The expressions of E-cad in bladder carcinoma had significant relations with pathological grade and clinical stage.The abnormal expressions of E-cad in the mucosal surface, may be associated with inflammation.Interventional treatment can significantly improve the expressions of E-cad of tumor tissue and delay the progress of bladder cancer.

Objective To establish the rapid pathogen identification method for HIV and Mycobac-terium tuberculosis (Mtb)co-infection and the assay for the drug susceptibility. Methods Geneprobe and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to differentiate mycobacterium species and modified microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) was used for the drug susceptibility test. The above assays were compared with acid-fast smear, L-J culture and proportional drug susceptibility tests. Results (1) Thirty-four mycobacte-rial isolates were obtained from 112 samples collected from 68 HIV patients. Among these isolates, the strain species were determined by Geneprobe and 16S rDNA sequencing as the followings: 21 Mtb complex, 10 NTM including 5 M.avium complex, 2 M.gordonae, 2 M.kansasii, 1 M.colombiense, and 3 co-infection. (2) The sensitivity of Mtb to rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid and streptomycin were 100%, 100%, 76.2%, 90.5% respectively, while the sensitivity of NTM to rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid and strepto-mycin were 40%, 60%, 0%, 30% respectively. There is no significant statistic difference between the two methods, MODS and the reference standard, for the drug susceptibility test. (3) Six to eight weeks are nee-ded for the identification of the species of mycobacteria and the drug susceptibility test by using traditional method. In this study, 5-14 d, 6-15 d and 10-14 d are needed for Geneprobe, 16S rDNA sequencing, and MODS respectively. The time for the testing has been dramatically shortened. Conclusion The identifica-tion of mycobacterial species and the drug susceptibility test using clinical samples could be completed within 15 days by using combined Geneprobe, 16S rDNA sequencing and modified MODS. This combined method can be used for the pathogen identification and drug resistant test in HIV patients who are co-infected by my-cobacteria.

BACKGROUND:Our previous studies have shown that the poly(hydroxybutyrate- co-hydroxyvalerate) - sol-gel bioactive glass (PHBV-SGBG) has good biocompatibility and promote bone tissue repair, but its specific role in periodontal tissue regeneration has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the periodontal regenerative effects of a PHBV-SGBG scaffold in beagle dogs. METHODS:Alveolar bone defects (5 mm×5 mm) were surgicaly created bilateraly at the buccal side of the mandibular third and fourth premolars of four beagle dogs. PHBV-SGBG scaffold was randomly filed in the defects as experimental group and nothing was put into the contralateral as control group. Histological and scanning electron microscopy observations, cone-beam CT evaluation and the Ca/P concentration ratio analysis were processed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After surgery, the height of the regenerated tissue increased with time in both groups, and the regenerated tissue height in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks after surgery, the Ca/P concentration ratio of the experiment group was close to that in the normal tissue (P > 0.05), but higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the histological observation showed that the regenerated tissue of the experimental group was close to the normal tissue, and the regenerated tissue of the control group tended to be mature, with a smal amount of new blood vessels. Under the scanning electron microscope, no scaffold structure was visible in the experimental group with the presence of bone lacuna at 8 weeks after surgery, while in the control group, there was no bone lacuna and obvious osteoblasts; at 12 weeks after surgery, the structure of the regenerated tissue of experimental group was more regular and close to the normal tissue with no remarkable osteoblasts, and in the control group, the regenerated tissue was disordered, with several cavity. These results show that the PHBV-SGBG scaffold can enhance periodontal bone regeneration effectively.

BACKGROUND:The morphological structure of nanofiber scaffold which fabricated by electrospinning technique is similar to the natural extracelular matrix, which provides a good microenvironment for cel growth and proliferation, and can also enhance cel adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the biocompatibility of double-layer poly(L-lactic acid) electrospun nanofiber scaffold and human periodontal ligament cels. METHODS: Electrospinning technique was used to prepare double layers poly(L-lactic acid) electrospun nanofiber scaffold. The toxicity of different concentrations of (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) double-layer poly(L-lactic acid) electrospun nanofiber scaffold extracts to human periodontal ligament cels was evaluated by MTT assay. The double-layer poly(L-lactic acid) electrospun nanofiber scaffold was co-cultured with human periodontal ligament cels. The cel adhesive capacity in early stage was determined by MTT assay. The growth of cels on the scaffold was observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Different concentrations of double-layer poly(L-lactic acid) electrospun nanofiber scaffold extracts did not create any toxicity to human periodontal ligament cels. After co-culture for 2, 6, 24 hours, human periodontal ligament cels were poorly adherent onto the double-layer poly(L-lactic acid) electrospun nanofiber scaffold. After 7 days of co-culture, human periodontal ligament cels adhered wel on the loose surface of scaffold, maintained the original shape, stretched wel, and interconnected processes were observed; on the dense surface of the scaffold, multi-layer cels were observed. The cels showed fusiform or polygonal appearance and were connected together. These results demonstrate that the double-layer poly(L-lactic acid) electrospun nanofiber scaffold has good biocompatibility with human periodontal ligament cels.

Objectives To explore the effect of application of uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose) on self-repairment potentiality of immature white matter (WM) in vivo. Methods Five-day-old rats were randomly divided into sham, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and UDP-glucose groups. The PVL model was constructed in the PVL and UDP groups, and UDP-glucose (2000mg/kg) was induced by an intraperitoneal injection at once to the rats of UDP group. PVL in-duced proliferation and differentiation of WM-glial progenitor cells invivo were detected by using the three-label lfuorescent immunoanalysis, the apopotosis in WM cell was observed by TUNEL test, and the pathology of WM and myelination were evaluated by light and electron microscopy at day 7 and day 21 after PVL model construction. Results The numbers of new WM-progenitors (NG2+), oligodendrocytes (OLs) progenitor marker (O4+), OL precursors, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase+), immature OLs and myelin basic protein (MBP+), and mature OLs in the UDP-glucose group are signiifcantly grea-ter than those in the PVL group at each time interval after induction of PVL (P<0.05). The numbers of the apoptotic cells in UDP-glucose group are less than those in the PVL groups. Under light and electron microscopy, the white matter pathological changes and myelination were found to be better than those in the PVL group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of UDP-glucose can induce the WM-progenitors to activate, proliferate and differentiate into immature and mature OLs. UDP-glucose can also signiifcantly reduce the apoptotic rate of the WM-new glia cells;improve the white matter pathological changes and the myelin formation.

[Objective] The biocompatibility between SGBG/PHBV and human PDLC were investigated to provide a basis for the choice of the scaff material of periodontal tissue engineering.[Methods] Human PDLC were cultured using tissue-explant technique.Seeding on 96 wells plate,9 wells for one group,Four different concentrations (100％,75％,50％,25％,0％) of maceration extract of SGBG/PHBV were added into the culture plantsafter 48-h cell seeding,the grades of the cytotoxicity of SGBG/PHBV was evaluated by MTT assay.Human PDLC cultured in vitro were collected and seeded on the three-dimensional scaffolds of SGBG/PH-BV,the cellular morphology and cell growth on the scaffolds were observed and photographed by scanning electronic microscope.HumanPDLC seeded on the three-dimensional scaffolds of SGBG/PHBV in the experimental group,and human PDLC seeded by DMEM in the control group,after 12-,24-,and 48-h cell seeding,got 27 simples for each group,and the affection of the SGBG/PHBV on cell secretory function was observed by spectrophotometry which assayed the biochemical indexes ALP in supinate.[Results] The grades of the cytotoxicity of SGBG/PHBV were 0 and 1.It was displayed that human PDLC adhered and proliferated well on the scaffold of SGBG/PHBV under the scanning electronic microscope.The significant difference of ALP in supinate between the experimental group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05).[Conclusions] SGBG/PHBV had no cytotoxicity to human PDLC.SGBG/PHBV is potential to further study as the scaffolds of periodontal tissue engineering since it displayed the satisfactory biocompatibility with human PDLC.

BACKGROUND:At present, col agen as a material in periodontal tissue engineering has some disadvantages such as poor mechanical strength and rapid degradation speed. Col agen combined with chitosan can improve above-mentioned problems.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility of a novel chitosan-col agen scaffold in vitro.
METHODS:Cytotoxicity of the extract of chitosan-col agen scaffold in different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Human periodontal ligament cel s at 4-6 passages were cocultured with the chitosan-col agen scaffold. Cel growth on the scaffold was observed. Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity were detected in periodontal ligament cel s before and after coculture.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The novel chitosan-col agen scaffold was made up of double layers with one dense layer and another loose layer. The grade of the cytotoxicity of the scaffold was from 0 to 1. Scanning electron microscope and histological observation demonstrated that cel s grew wel on the chitosan-col agen scaffold;the dense layer could prevent cel s to migrate into the scaffold. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase activity in human periodontal ligament cel s before and 24 hours after combined culture (P>0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity in human periodontal ligament cel s was greatly higher at 48 and 72 hours after combined culture compared with that before culture (P<0.05). Above results indicated that the novel chitosan-col agen scaffold has a good biocompatibility and barrier function, and potential as a scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering.