Objective: To explore the relationship between voluntary blood donation and autonomous motivation based on self-determination theory, so as to provide insights into optimizing voluntary blood donation recruitment. Methods: Participants meeting the blood donation criteria were selected from blood stations and medical institutions in Hangzhou City, Jiaxing City and Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province. A self-designed questionnaire based on self-determination theory was used to collect basic information, awareness and source of blood donation knowledge, autonomous motivation and controlled motivation. The correction between autonomous motivation and voluntary blood donation was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 986 participants at ages of 18-55 years were surveyed, including 730 females (74.04%) and 256 males (25.96%). Among them, 705 participants (71.50%) had experience of voluntary blood donation. The mean score for blood donation knowledge was (5.76±1.17) points, and the total motivation score for blood donation was (58.21±8.17) points, with autonomous motivation scoring (40.86±5.46) points and controlled motivation scoring (17.35±3.26) points. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender (female, OR=0.419, 95%CI: 0.273-0.644), occupation (medical profession, OR=4.027, 95%CI: 2.440-6.646), blood donation knowledge (OR=1.307, 95%CI: 1.159-1.475) and autonomous motivation (OR=1.074, 95%CI: 1.033-1.116) as factors affecting voluntary blood donation. Conclusions Autonomous motivation may promote voluntary blood donation. In blood donation recruitment efforts, it is vital to enhance autonomous motivation and make appropriate use of controlled motivation.

Objective To determine the effects of different excipients ( amino acids, carbohydrates and nonionic surfactants) on thermal stability of the IgG1 monoclonal antibody, and to examine the interactions between the excipients and the protein.Methods Differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) was used to study thermal stability of the protein in different solutions and got information on the solubility of the unfolded forms of the protein.Isothermal titration calorimetry ( ITC) was used to examine the binding interactions between the excipients and the protein.ResuIts Negatively charged amino acids could significantly reduce the denaturation temperature (Tm) of IgG1( Tm >9 ℃), and other excipients didn’t have a major effect ( Tm <1℃).Excipients shared different impacts on thermal stability of the IgG1 monoclonal antibody under different pH, and negatively charged amino acids result in a much lower Tm at pH 5 than at pH 7.The ITC binding isotherms of different excipients (including polysorbate 20 and 80) and IgG1 were almost straight lines, while there was strong binding interaction between polysorbate 20 or 80 and Human Serum Albumin (HSA).ConcIusion The results suggest that there is no binding interaction between these studied excipients and the IgG1 monoclonal antibody; instead electrostatic interactions seem to play a leading role between the excipients and the IgG1 monoclonal antibody.

Objective To construct markless gene deletion mutant at the clpP loci on the chromosome of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans).Methods ASp resistance gene was amplified by PCR,to construct the Sp resistance cassette where the Sp resistance gene was flanked with two loxP site.After the clpP gene was cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy TA cloning vector,it was digested and linked with the Sp resistance cassette,yielding homologous recombination vector pIB △ clpP-Sp.The vector was linearized and used for the transformation of S.mutans UA159,with transformants selected on TPY plates containing Sp.The selected strain was transformed with the thermosensitive plasmid pCrePA to excise the Sp resistance gene.The pCre-PA was then easily eliminated at nonpermissive temperature,resulting in a markless mutant strain carrying a deletion at the clpP loci,which was verified by PCR and DNA sequencing.Results The result of the PCR analysis and DNA sequencing indicated that a part of the clpP gene was deleted.There was a loxP at this loci without the Sp resistance gene.Conclusion The markless clpP-deletion mutant of S.mutans was constructed successfully,which laid a foundation for further study of its biological function and its influence on the cariogenicity of S.mutans.

Objective:To investigate the effect ofGuilong Kechuanning tablets combine with antibiotic drugs on pulmonary infection after chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer,so as to reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection in hospital.Methods:A total of 120 patients with lung cancer complicated with pulmonary infection,who underwent chemotherapy in Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2013 to August 2015,were selected and randomly divided into control group (n=60) and experiment group (n=60).The control group was treated with Ceftizoxime,based on which,the experiment group was added oral Guilong Kechuanning tablets.The course oftreatment of the two groups was 2 weeks.Inflammation indicators of the two groups were compared before and after treatment,and the clinical effect,hospitalized time,antifebrile time,time significantly reduced of cough and expectoration,disappearance time of lung rales and the pulmonary bacterial clearance rate were observed between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate (91.67％) of experiment group was significantly higher than that(73.33％) of control group (x2=13.121,P=0.004).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in WBC,CRP and NEUT levels between the two groups (P＞0.05);while after treatment,the levels of WBC,CRP and NEUT were all lower than those before treatment in both groups (all P＜0.05),and the levels of WBC,CRP and NEUT in the experiment group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,the bacterial clearance rate (99.09％) of the experiment group was significantly higher than that (86.94％) of the control group (x2=54.876,P=0.000).Conclusion:Guilong Kechuanning tablets combined with antibiotic drugs can effectively control the pulmonary infection after chemotherapy in the patients with lung cancer,and can improve the clinical symptoms and inflammatory reaction,which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To discuss the epidemiological situation of Streptococcus pyogens infection and drug sensitivity results in children in Meilong area in Shanghai,China,and provided scientific pathogen information for clinic infection control and treatment.Methods This was a retrospective study.The group A Streptococcus pyogens strains which were isolated from a total of 1 069 throat swab samples of pediatrics patients between May 2014 and April 2015,the strains were used the method of molecular biology for emm type and MLST and PFGE,part of the strains were used the Kirby-Bauer method for drug sensitivity test.To analyze the infection characteristics,epidemic tendency and drug sensitivity of GAS in different seasons and different age groups.Results A total of 274 S.pyogens strains were detected,the positive rate was 25.63％,the main types of emm were emm1(38.83％)and emm12(52.75％),the others were 8.42％.The main types of MLST were ST-28,ST-36,ST-49.emm types were closely related with MLST and PFGE clust.Among them,emm1/ST28,emm12/ST36,emm75/ST49 were related to each other,the same emm types were mostly the same cluster of PFGE.During this study,the patients were 3-13 years old,and the high infection age were 6-11 years old.The prevalent infection time were May 2014 and June 2014 and between Novemer 2014 to January 2015 and April 2015.The sensitivity rate of beta-lactamase drugs such as penicillin and ampicillin and levofloxacin,vancomycin and linezolid were 100％,the resistance rate of clindamycin and erythromycin and tetracycline were more than 95％.Conclusion The most popular genotype of GAS was emm12,the main age of infected patients were 6-11 years old,and the epidemic season were winter-spring and early summer in Meilong area,Shanghai,China,and beta-lactamase drugs were the first choice for GAS infection.

Objective To investigate the current situation of maternal self- efficacy of breastfeeding and explore its influencing factors in Zhengzhou. Methods Using the general condition questionnaires, breast feeding self-efficacy scale, perceived social support scale and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to assess the situation of 180 puerperas by the convenience sampling in one obstetric hospital of Zhengzhou. Results The total score of maternal breast feeding self-efficacy was(114.04 ± 21.57)points.The frequency of delivery, the way of delivery and feeding ways, the average income of family were effected with breastfeeding self-efficacy. The total score of social support was(68.87 ± 10.43) points, the total score of puerperas depression was(7.61 ± 4.25) points.The social support score had positive correlation with breastfeeding self-efficacy(r=0.423, P<0.01). Puerperas depression had negative correlation with breastfeeding self- efficacy(r=- 0.342, P<0.01). Conclusions The maternal breastfeeding level in Zhengzhou was at a lower level. The level of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy scale was impacted by maternal social support degree, the degree of depression. Measures should be taken to enhance maternal social support degree, reduce the degree of depression, in order to improve the level of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Objectives Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) has a diverse spectrum and different incidence in different countries, the early diagnosis at presymptomatic stage is imperative to benefic patient from sequelae. Phenylke-tonuria (PKU) / hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the most common metabolism disorder in Shanghai as well as in other regions. The study is to further clarify the incidence of inborn errors of metabolism among newborn in Shanghai. Methods The dried blood spot specimens were collected from near 90 local maternity and children's hospitals or general hospitals in Shanghai. PKU/HPA screening was carried out by fluorometric method. Neonatal screening using tandem mass spectrometry was performed in one of the study centers, Xinhua neonatal screening center. Results A total of 815 160 cases were screened from 2001 - 2007 in Shanghai, the incidence of PKU/HPA was 1 : 12 351. The tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency was 12.9% among hyperphenylalaninemia patients. According to the 116 000 neonatal samples data detected by tandem mass spectrometry, 20 cases were confirmed diagnosis, including 6 kinds diseases, it was PKU/HPA, maple syrup urine disease, methylmalonicacidemia, propionic acidemia, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase defection, and short chain aeyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Conclusions The pilot study shown that inborn errors of metabolism neonatal screen-ing using tandem mass was 1 : 5 800 in Shanghai, PKU/HPA was the most common disease. It is expected that the expansion of newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry could be further considered and further improving inborn errors of metabolism preventive services in Shanghai.

Objective To explore the application of 64-slice spiral CT angiography (CTA) in the evaluation of cerebral vascular disease. Methods 160 cases with suspected cerebral vascular disease underwent CTA with 64-slice spiral CT. Two dimensional and three dimensional reformation were performed in all cases including multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), volume rendering (VR). Both axial and reformatted images were analyzed by two radiologists. Results 94 cases of 160 were diagnosed as abnormal, including 50 stenosis or obstructive disease, 21 aneurysm, 1 post-intravascular stent, 4 cliped aneurysm, 3 arteriovenous malformation, 4 moyamoya disease, 4 carotid-cavernous fistula, 4 venous sinus thrombus, 1 straight sinus occlusion with perpetual falcial sinus, 1 great cerebral venous aneurysm, 1 perpetual sublingual artery. Conclusion 64-slice spiral CTA is a valuable diagnostic method for various cerebral vascular disease.

BACKGROUND:B-lymphocytes are an important participant in the immunity system. Currently, magnetic beads and complement methods are mainly used to isolate and purify B-lymphocytes. However, these methods are costly or cause large cel damage and low purity, which need further improvement. OBJECTIVE: To explore the isolation and culture methods of B-lymphocytes from mouse spleen and to study suitable conditions for B-lymphocyte isolation and culture in vitro by using interleukin-4, lipopolysaccharide, CD3 monoclonal antibody or their combination. METHODS:B-lymphocytes from mouse spleen were isolated and randomly divided into seven groups, respectively treated with interleukin-4, CD3 monoclonal antibody, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-4+CD3, interleukin-4+lipopolysaccharide, CD3+lipopolysaccharide, and no stimulation (control group). Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in the number and proportion of T-lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and their subpopulations under different culture conditions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of lymphocytes peaked at 3-5 days after addition of interleukin-4. In the lipopolysaccharide group, the number of lymphocytes began to increase at 3 days, and then peaked at 5 days. T-lymphocytes disappeared after addition of CD3 monoclonal antibody, so relatively pure B-lymphocytes could be obtained after 2 days and the number of B-lymphocytes reached the peak at 3 days. The number of mature B-lymphocytes (B220+IgD+) increased significantly after addition of CD3 antibody. In al the conditions we tested, transitional B cel subset (B220+CD93+) disappeared completely after 24 hours of culture. Experimental results indicate that after addition of CD3 monoclonal antibody and interleukin-4, T-lymphocytes can be removed in mouse spleen cels cultured, but mature B-lymphocytes remain to survive and proliferate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical and laboratory features of very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency ( VLCADD ) and the correlations between its genotype and phenotype.

METHODEleven patients diagnosed as VLCADD of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine seen from September 2006 to May 2014 were included. There were 9 boys and 2 girls, whose age was 2 d-17 years. Analysis was performed on clinical features, routine laboratory examination, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) , gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and genetic analysis were conducted.

RESULTAll cases had elevated levels of blood tetradecanoylcarnitine (C14:1) recognized as the characteristic biomarker for VLCADD. The eleven patients were classified into three groups: six cases in neonatal onset group, three in infancy onset group form patients and two in late onset group. Neonatal onset patients were characterized by hypoactivity, hypoglycemia shortly after birth. Infancy onset patients presented hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia in infancy. The two adolescent patients showed initial manifestations of exercise intolerance or rhabdomyolysis. Six of the eleven patients died at the age of 2-8 months, including four neonatal onset and two infant onset patients, with one or two null mutations. The other two neonatal onset patients were diagnosed since early birth through neonatal screening and their clinical manifestation are almost normal after treatments. Among 11 patients, seventeen different mutations in the ACADVL gene were identified, with a total mutation detection rate of 95.45% (21/22 alleles), including eleven reported mutations ( p. S22X, p. G43D, p. R511Q, p. W427X, p. A213T, p. C215R, p. G222R, p. R450H, p. R456H, c. 296-297delCA, c. 1605 + 1G > T) and six novel mutations (p. S72F, p. Q100X, p. M437T, p. D466Y, c. 1315delG insAC, IVS7 + 4 A > G). The p. R450H was the most frequent mutation identified in three alleles (13.63%, 3/22 alleles), followed by p. S22X and p. D466Y mutations which were detected in two alleles (9.09%, 2/22 alleles).

CONCLUSIONThe ACADVL gene mutations were heterozygous in our patients. The mortality of neonatal onset form and infant onset form is much higher than the late onset form patients, suggesting a certain correlation between the genotype and phenotype was found. The earlier diagnosis and treatment of VLCADD are of vital importance for the improvement of the prognosis of the patients.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain ; deficiency ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Age of Onset ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; complications ; genetics ; Male ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; complications ; genetics ; Muscular Diseases ; complications ; genetics ; Mutation ; Neonatal Screening ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; Rhabdomyolysis ; etiology ; Spectrum Analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry