Activated microglia function after pathologic event has been extensively investigated .In recent decades , it has be-come evident that resting microglia cells are highly dynamic surveillants .Microglia could influence synaptic development and connectiv-ity in the normal and developing brain .Microglia dysfunction results in behavioral deficits , indicating that microglia are essential for normal brain function .Here we summarize the functions of microglia in the physiological conditions , its effects on neural development , the formation of synapses and the regulation of the human′s behavior .

Objective To investigate the correlation between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and long-term outcomes in a large cohort of unselected patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Consecutive acute cerebral infarction patients hospitalized in Department of Neurology,General Hospital of Jinan Military Region were prospectively recruited from August 2010 to November 2013.The baseline data including age,sex,the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores,type of Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP:total anterior circulation infarct,partial anterior circulation infart,posterior circulation infarct and lacunar infarct),serum creatinine were recorded.Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation.CKD was defined as eGFR ＜ 60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 body surface area.Patients were divided into eGFR≥60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 group and eGFR ＜ 60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 group.Recovery was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 180 days after stroke by telephone interview (mRS≤2 reflected good prognosis,and mRS ＞ 2 reflected unfavorable prognosis).Multinominal Logistic regression analysis,Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank test were used.Results Eight hundred and fifty-two patients were enrolled,among them 93 patients were with CKD.Compared to patients without CKD,acute ischemic patients with CKD were older ((70.56 ± 11.86) years vs (63.11 ± 12.15) years,t =5.60,P =0.000),more likely with NIHSS ≥7 (59.14％ (55/93) vs 32.54％ (247/759),x2 =25.61,P =0.000),more likely with hypertension (89.25％ (83/93) vs 77.34％ (587/759),x2 =6.99,P =0.007),more likely with atrial fibrillation (29.03 ％ (27/93) vs 9.5 ％ (72/759),x2 =30.82,P =0.000),more likely with congestive heart failure (13.98％ (13/93) vs 3.03％ (23/759),x2 =24.54,P =0.000),more likely with tumour (6.50％ (6/93) vs 2.24％ (17/759),x2 =5.59,P =0.031).CKD was a independent prognostic factor for long-term poor outcome (OR =2.034,95％ CI 1.194-3.468) and long term mortality (OR =2.657,95％ CI 1.450-4.870).Kaplan-Meier estimate of patients without CKD for cumulative 180 days survival function for all-cause mortality was higher than those with CKD (79.57％ (74/93) vs 93.54％ (710/759),Log rank test:x2 =23.602,P =0.000).Conclusions Acute ischemic stroke patients with CKD are with more comorbidities.CKD is a independent prognostic factor for long-term poor outcomes and long term mortality in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Objective To evaluate the application effect of mind map in admission guidance of patients receiving gamma knife treatment.Methods 153 cases of hospitalized patients admitted in our hospital were selected for this study,which had been divided according to the random number table method,the observation group(77 cases) was guided with the hospital mind map method,and the control group (76 cases) was given traditional oral hospital instruction,respectively.The database was established for the double entry,calibration and data cleaning,which were obtained from the result of gamma knife treatment of intracranial tumor disease related knowledge questionnaire,hospital satisfaction questionnaire and also patient adherence questionnaire assessment.Results The comparison of knowledge assessment questionnaire outcome,the admission guide satisfaction questionnaire assessment,the patients compliance questionnaire assessment outcome showed that the observation group was significantly different from the control group.Conclusions Application of mind map in admission guidance for hospitalized patients was a more efficient method than the traditional oral admission instruction,the method is simple,practical and effective,which is worthy of clinical practice.

90%.Then the purified sertoli cells were treated with the toxicants at different dose,i.e.DBP(0.1,1,10,100,500 ?g/ml),BaP(0.01,0.1,1,10,50 ?g/ml)and their combination DBP+BaP(0.1+0.01,1+0.1,10+1,100+10,500+50 ?g/ml).The viability of sertoli cells was determined by MTT method and the lactate concentration in the cultured medium was detected.Results As compared with DMSO control,the absorbance values in 100 ?g/ml DBP and DBP+BaP(100+10 ?g/ml)groups were significantly increased(P0.05).Lactate concentration in 100,500 ?g/ml DBP groups,50 ?g/ml BaP group and DBP+BaP(100+10,500+50 ?g/ml)groups were increased(P

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and side-effects in locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and two-dimensional conventional radiotherapy (2DCRT).MethodsAmong the 292 newly diagnosed,nonmetastatic recurrent NPC,211were treated with IMRT and 81 with 2DCRT.All patients were staged according to the seventh edition of the UICC 2009 staging system.Kaplan-Meier and Logrank methods were used for survival analysis.A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine prognostic factors.ResultsThe follow-up rate was 91.8％,there are 38 patients in 2DCRT and 106 patients in IMRT group was followed more than 3 years.There were significant differences in the 3-year actuarial overall survival (OS) rate ( 36.9％ and 51.3％,x2 =8.44,P =0.004) and local progression-free survival (LRFS) rate (63.3％ and 86.0％,x2 =13.83,P =0.000),and no significant differences in actuarial distant metastasis free survival rates (79.0％ and 83.5％,x2 =0.25,P=0.618 ) between the 2DCRT group and the IMRT group.Multivariate analysis showed that T category and IMRT ( yes vs.no) were the independently prognostic factors for OS and LRFS ( x2 =9.51,5.20,P =0.002,0.023 and x2 =4.84,9.24,P =0.027,0.002 ).The incidence of grade 3and4 trismus and radiation-induced encephalopathy were 19.9％,8.1％ for the IMRT group and 43.2％,24.7％ for the 2DCRT group ( x2 =16.37,P =0.000 and x2 =14.64,P =0.000).Whereas,severe mucosa necrosis and/or massive hemorrhage in the nasopharynx was observed in IMRT group which was not common in 2DCRT (33.2％∶7.4％,x2 =20.19,P=0.000).ConclusionsHigher local tumor control and overall survival were achieved by IMRT than 2DCRT,the incidence of severe trismus and radiation-induced encephalopathy was also reduced by IMRT,in cost of a higher incidence of mucosa necrosis and/or massive hemorrhage in the nasopharynx.

Objective To assess the association between interleukin-10-1082 (IL-10-1082) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of gastric cancer in the Chinese population.Methods Cochrane systematic evaluation was adopted for the analysis.Articles published in Medline,Embase,Cochrane library,CBM,CJFD and CSJD from 1966 to 2012 were retrieved.Case control studies on the correlation between the 1L-10-1082 polymorphism and gastric cancer in Chinese population were collected.Gastric cancer patients were in the gastric cancer group,and healthy individuals were in the control group.Two researchers extracted data and evaluated the quality of literatures independently.Meta analysis was performed to detect whether there were differences between the gastric cancer group and the control group about the distribution of genotypes of IL-10-1082 gene (GG,AA,AG,AA,alleles G and A).The heterogeneity was analyzed using the Q test or I2 test.Fixed effect model or random effect model was adopted,and the results of the meta analysis were presented with odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI).Results Thirteen literatures including 5252 patients were included in the analysis.There were 2077 patients in the gastric cancer group and 3175 patients in the control group.The results of meta analysis showed that population with the genotypes GG and AG have higher risk of having gastric cancer when compared with population with the genotype AA (OR =1.76,95％ CI 1.33-2.33 ; OR =2.08,95％ CI 1.62-2.66,P ＜0.05).Population with the allele G have higher risk of having gastric cancer when compared with population with allele A (OR =1.67,95％ CI 1.31-2.13,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The genotypes GG,AG and the allele G of IL-10-1082 gcne of the Chincse population are significantly associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer.

The article analyzed the current situation of the basic computer education in medical specialty and,based on the specialty’s trait,put forward the reform thought of changqing. the course system,content and teaching mode and establishing a set of resultful teaching system of basic computer education in medical specialty.

Objective:To study the relationship between alpha seine/threonine-protein kinase (p-Akt)-serine/ threonine-protein kinase (mTOR)-ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway and clinicopathological features or chemoresistance of ovarian cancer.Methods:We checked the p-Akt,mTOR and p70S6K protein levels in 18 tissues with chemoresistance or 25 with chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer by immunohistochemistry technique,and analyzed the relationship between those proteins and clinicopathological features or chemoresistance of ovarian cancer.Results:The levels of p-Akt protein in ovarian serous carcinoma,mucinous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma were 77.14%,50.00% and 66.67%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of these proteins in well-middle differentiated carcinoma and low differentiated carcinoma were 73.33% and 75.00%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of these proteins in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage carcinoma,and Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage carcinoma were 18.18% and 93.75%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels ofmTOR protein in ovarian serous carcinoma,mucinous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma were 77.14%,100.00% and 83.33%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of this protein in well-middle differentiated carcinoma and low differentiated carcinoma were 80.00% and 78.57%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of this protein in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage carcinoma,and Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage carcinoma were 27.27% and 96.88%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of p70S6K protein in ovarian serous carcinoma,mucinous carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma were 80.00%,100.00% and 100.00%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of this protein in well-middle differentiated carcinoma and low differentiated carcinoma were 93.33% and 78.57%,respectively,with no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of this protein in Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage carcinoma,and Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage carcinoma were 45.45% and 96.88%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of p-Akt protein in tissue of chemoresistance and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer were 88.89% and 64.00%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of mTOR protein in tissue of chemoresistance and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer were 94.44% and 68.00%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of p70S6K protein in tissue of chemoresistance and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer were 100.00% and 72.00%,respectively,with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion:The p-Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway may take part in invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer.The up-regulation of these proteins may be associated with the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer,and these proteins may have potential to be the prognostic markers for the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin with nifedipine for medical expulsive therapy (MET) in patients with lower ureteral stones (LUS).Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) in comparison of tamsulosin and nifedipine in treatment of LUS published in Pubmed, Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,CBM, Wanfang and VIP from databases establishment to July 2015 were retrieved.According to Cochrane handbook, the quality of included RCTs were assessed, and the relevant data including the number of participants, stone size, stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, drug-related side effect,the incidence of ESWL or ureteroscopy lithotripsy (URSL) after MET and analgesic dose were extracted by two reviewers independently.The statistical software RevMan 5.2 was used for meta-analysis with regard to the stone expulsion rate, the incidence of ESWL or URSL and adverse effects.This study lasted more than one month from June to July 2015.Results A total of 13 RCTs with 4 831 patients were eligible.The results showed that the stone expulsion rate and the incidence rate of ESWL or URSL after MET were 92％ (2 221/2 423) and 8％ (27/333) in the tamsulosin group,and 73％ (1 748/2 408) and 20％ (67/328) in the nifedipine group.There are statistically significant differences (RR =1.24,95 ％ CI 1.13-1.37, P ＜ 0.05;RR =0.40,95 ％ CI 0.27-0.60, P ＜ 0.05, respectively).The subgroup analysis indicated no statistically significant differences in drug-related adverse effects between tamsulosin and nifedipine with 5％ (99/1 804)and 7％ (117/1 796) minor adverse effects respectively and less than 1％ severe adverse effects in both groups (RR =0.85,95％ CI 0.65-1.10, P =0.21;RR =0.49,95 ％ CI 0.09-2.59, P =0.40).Conclusion Compared to nifedipine, tamsulosin has higher stone expulsion rate and lower incidence rates for ESWL or URSL.Since there was no obvious adverse effects, tamsulosin could be considered as a preferable option for patients with LUS.

Objectives To explore the clinical application of deceleration capacity of rate (DC), acceleration capacity of rate (AC) and heart rate variability (HRV) in children with precardial distress of unknown origin. Methods A total of 56 children with precardial distress of unknown origin and 63 healthy children aged 6 to 17 years were examined by 24 h dynamic elec-trocardiogram, and the indexes of DC and HRV were compared between these two groups. Results DC value of children with precardial distress is less than that of the control group (P<0.05), AC value is greater than that of the control group (P<0.05), and heat rate (HR) is greater than that of the control group (P<0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the indexes of HRV between the two groups. The indexes of DC show a signiifcant positive correlation with HRV in children with precardial distress(r=0.27~0.40, P<0.05), while appear a negative relation with HR (r=-0.46, P=0.000). In contrast, the indexes of AC show a signiifcant negative correlation with HRV (r=-0.57~-0.34, P<0.05), and appears a positive relation with HR(r=0.61, P=0.000). HR value is higher in male children less than 12 years old with precardial distress than that of age-matched males in control group, and RMSSD is lower than the latter. DC value of male children more than 12 years with precardial distress is lower than that of age-matched males in control group, while AC value is higher than that of the latter;DC value is signiifcant lower in fe-male children more than 12 yeares with precardial distress than that of age-matched females in the control group (P<0.05). Con-clusions The activity of vagus nerve in children with precardial distress of unknown origin is decreased. DC value is signiifcantly lower than that of control group, and shows correlation with indexes of HRV. There is no signiifcant difference in DC and HRV value between male and female children with precardial distress. DC value is lower in children aged 12 or older with precardial distress than that of age-matched children in the control group, which indicates adolescents are vulnerable to autonomic nerve functional disorder.