OBJECTIVE:To observe the protection effects of Metformin combined with Calcitriol on renal functiou and retina in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:80 patients with type 2 diabetes with early diabetic nephropathy and mild-to-moderate non proliferative retinopathy were randomly divided into control group(40 cases)and observation group(40 cases). Control group received Metformin hydrochloride tablet with initial dose of 0.5 g,twice a day during a meal,increased 0.5 g every week,then gradually increased to 2 g every day;observation group additionally received Calcitriol soft capsule,0.25 μg/times,once a day. The treatment lasted and followed-up for 6 months. Efficacy of retinopathy,blood glucose levels [2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG),blood glucose (FPG)],renal function indexes [urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR),urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),proteinuria (Pr)],vision and visual field defects,fundus angiography before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the 2 h PG,FPG,ACR,UAER,Pr,vision and visual field defects between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,2 h PG, FPG were significantly lower than before;ACR,Pr,UAER,average value of visual field defects,fundus angiography and bleed-ing area were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group;vision was significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was respectively 1 patient showed slight adverse reactions in both groups. CONCLUSIONS:Metformin combined with Calcitriol has certain protection effect on the renal function and retina in patients with type 2 diabetes,it can reduce 2 h PG,FPG,ACR, Pr,UAER,average value of visual field defects,fundus angiography and bleeding area of patients and improve vision,with small adverse reactions and high safety.

This article made a summarization and analysis on acupuncture related empirical and clinical research literature in Science Citation Index (SCI) periodicals in 2009.Authors used acupuncture respectively as the key word to retrieve in SCI periodicals in 2009 through Web of Science and got 630 articles.The articles were summarized and analyzed on experimental design, experimental research content, disease category, acupuncture accident and systematic review of clinical effect from native and abroad.

Objective In this study,we aim to investigate and evaluate the application of peer education on the teaching of medical graduate students and to evaluate the teaching effect,in order to provide the basis for subsequent practice reform.Methods 49 graduate students majoring Internal Medicine-Pulmonology were randomly divided into traditional teaching(24) and peer education groups (25).We chose the primary culture technology of rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells to be the teaching contents.For the traditional teaching group,we used the mode of class lecture giving and experimental skills learning under the assistance of the teachers; while in the peer education group,students benefited from the combination of class lecture given by the teacher and the seniors fixed teaching in which seniors help younger students.We selected the experimental operating time,cell purity and the practicing time to reach a standard culture as the evaluation indexes by filling a follow up questionnaire.The SPSS 13.0 was applied to the related data forx2 or t test.Results In the traditional teaching group,the average time to reach three times of standard culture was(3.2 ± 0.5) hour,which was(2.3 ± 0.4) hour in the peer education group.The cell purity was 80.1 ± 3.6％ in the traditional teaching group,while(85.4 ± 5.9)％ in the peer education group.The average practicing time was(6.3 ± 1.0) in the traditional teaching group,while(4.9 ± 0.6) in the peer education group.The peer education group master the teaching content better than the traditional teaching group (P=0.00).95.8％(23/24)of the students in the peer-education group considered the teaching contents simple,which was statistically higher(P=0.00) than traditional group (62.5％,15/24).Meanwhile,95.8％ (23/24)of the students in the peer-education group considered the teaching methods easy to accept,which was also statistically higher(P=0.02) than traditional group(70.8％,17/24).The difference was statistically significant (P=0.02).Conclusion The application effect of peer education is good and there is high degree of acceptance among the students.Besides,peer education accords with the medical postgraduate experiment teaching rules,and can cultivate medical graduate students' spirit of cooperation and communication ability in the process of implementation.

BACKGROUND:Both in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts and chondroblasts, induces heterotopic bone formation, promotes fracture healing, and controls the morphology of skeleton in mammals.
OBJECTIVE:To treat chronic bone defects using particle gun containing BMP2 gene eukaryotic expression plasmid via local injection.
METHODS:A total of 72 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were applied to establish chronic bone defect model in the rabbit radius. According to the length of bone defect, the rabbits were divided into three groups:1.5 cm group, 2.0 cm group, 2.5 cm group. Each group was further randomly assigned into two subgroups:treatment group (BMP-2 gene transfection) and control group (natural y healing). X-ray examinations were performed at 1, 3, 8 and 9 weeks after transfection, and soft tissue between the bone defects was harvested to detect BMP-2 using western blot analysis;and radius specimens were taken for gross observation at the same time points, to evaluate the healing.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Gross specimen observation:bone cal us formation in treatment group was general y more than that in control group. (2) Lane-Sandhu X-ray score in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group at 1, 3, 8, 9 weeks after transfection (P<0.05). (3) BMP-2 concentration in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group at each time point (P<0.05). The local transfer of particle gun-mediated BMP-2 gene is an effective therapy of chronic bone defect.

Objective To observe the effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on electrophysiological properties of post-infarct ventricles.Methods Sixty-seven survival Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups:Sham group,Control group,MI early G-CSF group (E-G) and MI delay G-CSF group (D-G) after ligation of the left coronary artery as myocardial infarction model.Monophasic action potential(MAP) was recorded by absorption electrode in ex vivo perfused rat hearts.Effective refractive period(ERP),sinus cardiac length (SCL),action potential amplitude (APA),maximal depolariged (Vmax),ventricular fibrillation threshold(VFF) and ventricular fibrillation duration(VFD) were measured.Results The electrophysiological parameters (SCL,VFT,VFD,APA,ERP/MAP90,dispersion of ERP and MAP90) of the E-G group were improved significantly (all P ＜ 0.05) at day 7 post MI.Improvement in SCL,dispersion of ERP and MAP 90 were found in the D-G group as well at day 7 post MI (all P ＜ 0.05).Substained improvement in electrophysiological parameters were found in the E-G group at 3 months after MI (P ＜0.05).Besides SCL,APA,Vmax and dispersion of MAP90,all other parameters in the D-G group were similar to that of the control group with no statistical significance and even had a tendency of deterioration in ERP and MAP90 3 months after MI.Conclusion G-CSF intervention could improve electrophysiological properties of ischemic ventricles.Early G-CSF intervention showed better outcomes compared to delay G-CSF intervention on electrical remodeling ischemia myocardiumwhich may have effect on reducing the development of ventricular arrhythmia.

Objective To investigate Zunyi C Class infectious diseases ,and provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures .Methods A network report of class C infectious diseasesfrom in Zunyi city from 2009 to 2012 was statistically analyzed by Excel software ,and data analysis was conducted by descriptive epidemiological method for .Results In Zunyi city from 2009 to 2013 reported a total of 8 kinds of class C infectious diseases (68 915 cases) ,annual report incidence rate was 213 .23/10 million;the top three are hand foot and mouth disease ,mumps and other infectious diarrhea ,accounted for 62 .22% of the total reported ca‐ses ,19 .68% and 13 .44% .There was slightly higher incidence rate of the disease from March to August and the main risks were in scattered children ,kindergarten children and students ;the age of onset lie in the population under 14 years old ,the male to female ratio was 1 .67∶1 .00 (χ2 =3 445 .64 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Hand foot and mouth disease ,mumps ,other infectious diarrhea and other infectious disease has become an important public health problem in Zunyi city .Therefore ,the kindergarten ,school infectious disease epidemic monitoring should be strengthened ,the infectious disease outbreaks should be reduced ,and communicable disease diagnosis and reporting standards ,which is helpful to improve the epidemic situation of infectious diseases research and prevention and control level should be improved to maintain the protection of public health .

Objective To investigate the protective function of edaravone in the compressed spinal cord.Methods There were 150 rabbits enrolled in each group in the experiment.Rabbits in both operation group and edaravone (EDA) treating group received mild spinal cord compressionby setting a flap head screw between C6 C7 after the neck.The spinal cord decompression was conducted seven days later.After 6 hours,rabbits in the EDA treating group were injected with a large amount of EDA through ear border veins,while the rabbits in the operation group only received 0.9％ sodium chloride injection.The transmission electron microscope was used to observe the apoptotic bodies at 1 day,3 days and 7 days after compression,and 1 day,3 days,7 days,and 14 days after decompression.Flow cytometry was used to test the rate of apoptosis of spinal cord cells.Immunohistochemistry was used to test the expression of Bax protein that is related to apoptosis.Results The neuronal apoptosis appeared after compression in both operation group and EDA-treating group.The Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score,neuronal apoptosis rates,and Bax protein expressions in both groups were statistically different (P ＜ 0.05) when the spinal cord was compressed in the first day and the third day,while there was no statistically different when spinal cord compressed at the seventh day (P ＞ 0.05).After decompression of the spinal cord,the BBB score,neuronal apoptosis rates,and Bax protein expressions in both groups were becoming lower at the seventh day (P ＜0.05).Conclusions EDA has protective function for compressed spinal cord.However,only the compression of spinal cord compression period of sufficient decompression can fundamentally protect the spinal cord.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Xiaochaihutang (XCH), a Chinese medicine, and danazol on angiogenesis factor and microvessel density (MVD) of endometriosis (EM). METHODS: EM rats were treated with XCH, Danazol (D), and XCH plus D (group S) for 4 weeks, respectively. The histomorphology and volumes of ectopic endometrium were observed, the amount of macrophages in peritoneal fluid of EM model rats was counted, the concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) of EM model rats in serum, peritoneal fluid, and supernate of cultured macrophages were measured. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected in ectopic endometrium by immunohistochemical SABC technique, MVD was determined by immunostaining for CD34. Similar studies were performed in rats without treatment (U group) and another group with sham operation (C). RESULTS: Compared with U group, XCH group, D group, and S group displayed a significant atrophy of ectopic endometrium, reduced number of endometrial glands, decreased macrophage amounts and low concentrations of IL-8 and TNF-? in blood, peritoneal fluid, and supernate of cultured macrophages . The expression of VEGF and MVD of ectopic endometrium in U group were significantly higher than that of C group. After treatment, they all decreased significantly, especially in S group. CONCLUSIONS: Both XCH and danazol can affect angiogenesis of EM model rats, cause an obvious atrophy in ectopic endometrium. XCH in combination with danazol can enhance the inhibitory effect on angiogenesis of EM model rats.

Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of aortic dissection through the retrospective analysis.Methods Two hundred and thirty-two patients with aortic dissection(AD) who were treated in the Central Hospital of Taian were select as cases group,and were divided into A group of dissection involved ascending aorta with 91 cases and B group of dissection not involved ascending aorta with 141 cases according to type of Stanford.And 232 cases patients with chest pain in the same period of hospitalization and exclusion of aortic dissection were randomly selected as the control group.Through the history data collection,the relationship between age,sex,smoking and drinking history,history of previous illness,family history of cardiovascular disease,predisposing factors and the incidence of AD,and the difference of risk factors between A type and B type were analized.Single factor and multi factor Logistic regression analysis were performed on part of the related factors in the case group.Results Smoking history,hypertension history,coronary atherosclerotic heart disease history,Marfan syndrome and hyperuricemia of cases group were higher than of control group (x2 =6.165,11.700,9.260,14.070,35.170;P＜ 0.05).Marfan syndrome,coronary atherosclerotic heart disease history and hyperlipidemia history of A group were higher than of B group,hypertension history of B group was higher than A group,and the differences were significant (x2 =3.998,4.534,7.308,7.827;P＜0.05).In the correction of other factors,the risk of death in patients with type A was 3.27times that of the B type(P＜0.001),the risk of death in patients with a history of hypertension were 1.48 times more than that without history of hypertension(P=0.014),the risk of death in patients with hypotension shock were 2.27 times more than that without hypotension shock (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion History of smoking,history of hypertension,history of coronary heart disease and hyperuricemia are the risk factors of aortic dissection.A aortic dissection type,a history of hypertension,and hypotension or cardiogenic shock are the independent risk factors causing the death of patients with aortic dissection.

Objective: To understand the status of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among Zhuang middle school students and its association with internet addiction, and to provide support for the effective prevention of unhealthy behaviors among Zhuang middle school students. Methods: From March to June 2018, 14 822 Zhuang middle school students were selected from 8 cities in Guangxi to conduct a questionnaire survey, including demographic information, family status, NSSI, internet addiction, and psychological status. Results: The proportion of NSSI among middle school students in Zhuang nationality was 30.54%; the proportion of occasional and frequent NSSI was 18.24% and 12.30%, respectively. The proportion of Zhuang middle school students with internet addiction was 1.82%, and those with suspected Internet addiction was 29.77%. Non-suicidal self-injury behaviors were statistically significant in different grades, whether the only-child in the family, family income, family type, parenting style, family history of mental illness, and Internet addiction(χ2=5.67, 34.25, 73.39, 16.12, 116.71, 10.66, 294.48, P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that middle school students (OR=0.53) and non-only children (OR=0.79) were more likely to have non-suicidal self-injury behaviors. Family income ≥5 000 yuan per month(OR=1.49), joint family(OR=1.98), intergenerational family(OR=1.30), education method with neglect(OR=1.35), family history of mental illness(OR=1.29), suspected internet addiction(OR=1.65), and internet middle school students with an addiction(OR=1.96) were more likely to have non-suicide suicide. Conclusion Zhuang middle school students have serious non-suicide suicide behaviors, which is closely associated with internet addiction. In the future, non-suicide suicide behaviors can be reduced through internet addiction prevention.