Urban and periurban agriculture (UPA) is the important part of modern agriculture. It can resolve the food supply to city residents, increase employments and improve the urban ecosystem. But without proper management and reasonable programming, UPA also can carry heavy burden to urban environment and impact people's health. This paper specifically analyzed the potential risks of urban agriculture and suggested preventive and control measures.

Military hygiene is one of compulsory courses for undergraduates majored in clinical medicine in military colleges. Aiming at the disconnection between theoretical and practical ability in the traditional teaching process and combining with professional features of military hygiene, teaching reform should give priority to curriculum standards, human resource construction, teaching content and method, teaching quality assessment and feedback system. Meanwhile, teaching idea of‘learning to use’ should be strengthened and teaching scheme in line with the actual needs of military health service security work should be put forward in order to provide new ideas for training military health personnel.

Background and purpose: Locoregional infusion chemotherapy such as hepatic artery, or hepaticportal vein infusion is one of the most important treatments for hepatocelluar carcinoma. This study was aimed to investigate the distribution of fluorouracil(5-FU) in rat hepatoma, liver tissue and plasma after administrated by caudal vein or locoregional routes of hepatic artery, hepaticportal vein, and hepaticportal vein with ligated hepatic artery. Methods:Twenty-four tumor-bearing rats were divided into 4 groups randomly, and they were infused with 5-FU through peripheral vein(caudal vein), hepatic artery, hepaticportal vein or hepaticportal vein with ligated hepatic artery, which dose was 20 mg/kg. High performance liquid chromatography was adopted to measure the content of 5-FU in hepatoma, liver tissue and plasma, and the drug penetration rate among them were calculated. Results:The group of hepaticportal vein with ligated hepatic artery reached the highest concentrations of 5-FU in live tissue and hepatoma, which concentrations were (22.1±9.5)μg/g and (16.4±7.2)μg/g. Then was the hepatic artery group, and the concentration of the hepaticportal vein group in the hepatoma focus was much smaller than the former 2 groups, which was (8.9±3.7)μg/g. The peripheral vein group got the lowest concentrations both in the liver tissue and hepatoma, which were (9.4±3.7) and (4.3±2.2)μg/g. The concentrations of 5-FU in the plasma in the peripheral vein group, the hepatic artery group, the group of hepaticportal vein with ligated hepatic artery and the hepaticportal vein group were (26.8±12.5), (16.4±9.7), (15.9±10.1) and (14.9±8.5)μg/mL, which indicated that the drug concentrations of the latter 3 groups were much lower than the former group. The hepatoma/plasma penetration rate of 5-FU in the group of hepaticportal vein with ligated hepatic artery, the hepatic artery group, the hepaticportal vein group and the peripheral vein group were 103.47%, 92.94%, 59.58% and 16.08%. Conclusion: Compared to the peripheral venous bolus injection, locoregional infusion could significantly increase the concentrations of chemotherapy agent in hepatoma focus and liver tissue, and decrease the drug distributions in peripheral blood. And the infusion through hepaticportal vein with ligated hepatic artery and through hepatic artery reaches higher concentrations in the hepatoma focuses, which indicate that they are 2 practical and promising routes for the locoregional chemotherapy of hepatoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-218 in cervical cancer tissues and bioinformatically analyze the target genes of miR-218 to provide theoretical basis on further studies of miR-218 functions in cervical cancer.Methods miRNA array was applied to detect miRNA expression profile in cervical cancer tissues,and real-time RT-PCR was used for validation.The bioinformatic analysis of the target genes of miR-218 involved gene ontology and signal transduction pathway enrichment was performed.Results miR-218 expression significantly decreased in cervical cancer tissues compared with that of normal cervical tissues.The functions of predicted target genes of miR-218 were enriched in biological regulation,adhesion and motion,proteometabolism,cellular differentiation,protein binding and other biological processes and molecular functions.According KEGG pathway database,the predicted target genes involved in pathway in cancer,adherent junction,focal adhesion,prostate cancer,chronic myeloid leukemia,melanoma,and other signal transduction pathways.Conclusions miR-218 expression significantly decreases in cervical cancer tissues.Some of the predicted target genes of miR-218 are significantly enriched in tumor related with signaling pathways.

Objective To observe the effect of PKB gene silencing on the growth of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 in vitro.Methods Gene transfection technique was used to transfect AKt2 siRNA into gastric cancer cells.Akt2 expression was detected by RNAi technique,Akt2 protein level was detected by Western blot,and the change of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells were detected by flow-cytometry,SGC-7901 proliferation was measured by MTT method.Results After SGC-7901 cells transfected with Akt2 siRNA,the expression of protein level decreased obviously(P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of episodic hypoxia(EHYP) on liver CYP3A2 and CYP2E1. METHODS: Healthy masculinity rats were divided randomly into five groups: control group, 3 -day EHYP group, 7 -day EHYP group, 14 -day EHYP group, and 28 -day EHYP group. 24 h after the management of EHYP, the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection, and the eyeball blood 2ml was drawn to prepare serum. The activities of ALT and AST in the serum were determined by enzymatic methods. The activities of liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase(ERD) and aniline hydroxylase(ANH) were detected by spectrophotography. The levels of mRNA expression of CYP3A2,CYP2E1 were assayed with RT-PCR. RESULTS: The serum activities of ALT,AST showed no remarkable change. However, after 7 days of hypoxia, ERD and ANH activities were remarkably elevated, and at 28 days induction rates reached up to155.5% and 42.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the levels of mRNA expression of CYP3A2,CYP2E1 also increased by 220.5% and 102.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Chronic EHYP can remarkably increase the activities of ERD and ANH, whose mechanism is probably related to up-regulating of CYP3A2 and CYP2E1 expression at the transcriptive level.

ObjectivesTo examine the validity of high-frequency Doppler ultrasound in identifying knees synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).MethodsNinety-five consecutive patients with active RA were examined withhigh-frequency Doppler ultrasound to examine synovitis signals in knees.Synovial tissue samples of 51 patients were obtained by closed needle biopsy from knees after ultrasound examination.Serial synovial tissue sections were stained with H&E and immunohistochemical staining,and the histopathological synovitis scores were evaluated.The relationship among clinical, histopathological and ultrasound synovitis indexes was analyzed by Spearman's rank order correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsAmong 95 RA patients,the median thickness of synovial membrane in ultrasound was 2.8 mm,the median depth of effusion was 2.7 mm; Doppler signals of synovial blood flow were detected in 82％(78/95 ) of patients and the median semiquantitive grading of synovial blood flow was 1.0.The thickness of synovial membrane and synovial blood flow at Doppler ultrasound correlated positively with histological synovitis score,hyperplasia of the lining layer,and inflammatory infiltration in sublining area (the thickness of synovial membrane:r=0.438,0.424,0.368,respectively; synovial blood flow:r=0.357,0.377,0.347,respectively; all P＜0.05).Although there was no significant difference in clinical synovitis indexes between patients with histologically low-grade and high-grade synovitis,the thickness of synovial membrane and synovial blood flow in ultrasound in patients with histologically high-grade synovitis was significantly higher than those with low-grade synovitis(P=0.001,0.036,respectively).When the thickness of synovial membrane in ultrasound was ≥ 3.9 mm,the specificity of diagnosing the high-grade synovitis was 96.7％ and the sensitivity was 61.9％.ConclusionSynovitis signals at high-frequency Doppler ultrasound correlate with histopathological synovitis,and it might be helpful in evaluating the severity of histopathological synovitis.

Objective To study different test positions on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in youth ,and to find a suitable position and provide a guidance for clinical practice .Methods Thirty normal young vol-unteers were tested by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials ,using three different positions :supine with the head held straight up(SHU),supine with the head held up and turned away from the test ear(SHT),sitting with the head turned away from the test(SIT) ,the derivation rate ,latency and amplitude were analyzed .Results The deri-vation rate of SHU ,SHT and SIT were 100% ,100% and 63 .3% ,respectively .The derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 la-tency and p13 n23 inter-latency between SHU and SIT ,and between SHT and SIT had statistical differences (P<0 .05) .No statistical significant differences were found in derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 latency and p13n23 inter-latency between SHU and SHT (P>0 .05) .The amplitude was significantly different among the three positions (P<0 .05) . No statistical significant difference were found in derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 latency ,p13 n23 inter -latency and am-plitude between men and women of the three positions (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The derivation rate of SHT was 100% with maximum amplitude .SHT is the most recommended position for clinical test in youth .The derivation rate of SHU was 100% ,and no statistical significant difference were found in p13 ,n23 latency and p13n23 inter-la-tency between SHU and SHT (P>0 .05) .SHU can be used in clinical test .SIT is not recommended for using in clinical test .Gender does not affect VEM Ps test .

OBJECTIVE To study the roles of copper transporter 1 (CTR1 )and Cu2 + transporting ATPase αpolypeptide (ATP7A)in lead exposure-induced copper accu mulation and oxidative stress in rat C6 glio ma cells.METHODS Methyl thiazolyl tetrazoliu m (MTT)assay was performed to determine the proper Pb doses (without affecting cell viability)by treated the cells with lead acetate 0 -100 μmol·L -1 for 24 h and 48 h.Superoxide dis mutase (SOD)activity or malondialdehyde(MDA)level were detected respectively by xanthine oxidase technique and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.Ato mic absorption spectrophoto metry was e mployed to determine the intracellular levels of Pb and Cu ions.Real-ti me quan-titative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of CTR1 and ATP7A, respectively.RESULTS The cell viability significantly decreased when the doses of Pb treat ment was higher than 10 μmol·L -1 ,so 10 μmol·L -1 was chosen as a working concentration of Pb exposure in this study.Co mpared with those in the normal controls,a moderately decreased T-SOD activity and an increased MDA level was determined in the cells treated with Pb 10 μmol·L -1 or Cu 5 μmol·L -1 alone, while a significant drop of T-SOD activity and a re markable increase of MDA level was found in the cells co-exposed to Pb and Cu (P<0.01 ).Pb exposure for 24 and 48 h increased the cellular Cu uptake by 1 .2 and 2.5 fold,respectively (P <0.01 ).Evidences fro m RT-PCR showed that Pb exposure for 24 and 48 h upregulated the CTR1 mRNA level by 23.2% and 58.7%,and downregulated the ATP7A mRNA level by 58.1 % and 50.0%,respectively.Results fro m Western blot confirmed that Pb exposure also resulted in an increased CTR1 expression and a decreased ATP7A expression at protein level (P<0.01 ).CONCLUSION Pb exposure lead to Cu accu mulation,by affecting the expression levels of CTR1 and ATP7A,and increased oxidative stress in C6 cells.

Objective To investigate the role of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in promoting proliferation of Kazakh's esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line Eca109 and Kazakh's ESCC tissues, and its effects on the expression of programmed cell death 4(PDCD4)gene.Methods TheEca109cellsweredividedintomiRNA-21Mimicsgroup(transfersequence:5′-UCAACAUCAGUCUGAUAAGCUA-3′),miRNA-21inhibitorgroup(transfersequence:5′-UAGCUUAUCAGACUGAUGUUGA-3′), negative control group (the transfer random sequence)and normal control group (no transfection).The cells were seeded at 4.5 × 105/well in 6-well cell culture plates. According to RNA interference technology,thecells were transfected with LipofectamineTM 2000. After transfection, the cell proliferation was determined by cell number counting.The expression of miRNA-21 was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the expression of PDCD4 protein was measured by Western blot.Meanwhile, the expression of miRNA-21 and PDCD4 protein were performed in 18 pairs of Kazakh's ESCC and corresponding adjacent normal esophageal mucosa.ResultsAt 48 hour after transfection,compared with normal control group, the cell number increased 36％ (P=0.002) in miRNA-21 Mimics group, decreased 28％ (P=0.002) in miRNA-21 inhibitor group, and did not change significantly in negative control group (P=0.515). At 48 hour after transfection, the relative expression of miRNA-21 in miRNA-21 Mimics group, miRNA-21 inhibitor group, negative control group and normal controlgroup was 0.37±0.10, 9.17± 1.08, 0.74±0.23 and 1.04±0.34,respectively, and the relative protein expression of PDCD4 was 1.47 ± 0.11, 0.61±0.09, 0.89 ±0.12 and 0.79±0.02 accordingly.Compared with normal control group, the relative expression of miRNA-21 decreased (P=0.031) and the relative protein expression of PDCD4 up regulated (P=0.001) in miRNA-21 inhibitor group, the relative expression of miRNA-21 increased (P=0.001) and the relative protein expression of PDCD4 down regulated (P=0.030) in miRNA-21 Mimics group,and there was no significant difference in negative control group (P=0.272 and 0.541).In 16 pairs of Kazakh's ESCC tissues, the expression of miRNA-21 was significantly higher in tumor tissues (0.11 ±0.09) than that of corresponding adjacent esophageal normal tissues (0.03 ± 0.03, P=0.001), while the relative protein expression of PDCD4 was significantly lower (0.92 ± 0.39) than that of corresponding adjacent normal esophageal tissues (1.57 ± 0.80, P=0.004). And the higher expression of miRNA-21, the lower relative protein expression of PDCD4 (r=-0.538, P=0.046).ConclusionmiRNA-21 may promoted the cell proliferation through inhibiting PDCD4 expression,which involved in the pathogenesis of Kazakh's ESCC.