Objective To explore the clinical application value of transcranial Doppler on patients with hyperlipidemia. Methods 80 patients with hyperlipemia and 70 healthy people were studied by transcranial Doppler ultrasound(TCD) of interal carotid artery hemodynamics. Results 57 (71.7%)of the 80 patients with hyperlipemia had arteriosclerosis, and terminal sclerosis happened on 12 patients ( 13.3% ). Compared with the control group, the difference was all statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Hemodynamics at the terminal of interal carotid artery patients with hyperlipemia was obvious abnormal studied by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) , and sclerosis of interal carotid artery is common complication of patients with hyperlipemia. Results showed that TCD could be used as a routine method for testing of patients with hyperlipemia and had some value in preventing cerebrovascular disease induced by hyperlipidemia.

Vitamin D is a group of steroid hormones.Studies in recent years have shown that vitamin D is associated with the incidence of cerebral infarction,the severity of infarction,and functional outcome.In addition to the indirect effect of vascular risk factors,vitamin D may also play the direct protective effect by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress after cerebral infarction.

Background Measurement of corneal thickness is of great significance for the design of refractive surgery and the diagnosis of eye diseases,measuring equipments and technology develop rapidly in recent years.Optovue iVue OCT is a new frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT),to compare its results with those of Pentacam and Visante OCT is helpful to objectively assess the clinical value of Optovue iVue OCT.Objective This study was to investigate the repeatability of corneal thickness measurement with Optovue iVue OCT and the comparatbility with Pentacam three-dimensional anterior segment analysis diagnostic system and Visante OCT.In addition,this study attempted to analyze the distribution of average corneal thickness in each quadrant by Optovue iVue OCT.Methods The corneal thicknesses of the corneal thinnest point,the central point and 3:00,6:00,9:00,12:00 zones 1 mm away from the center of the cornea were measured in 45 right eyes of 45 subjects with myopia using Optovue iVue OCT,Pentacam and Visante OCT in Tianjin Eye Hospital.Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the repeatability of measurement by Optovue iVue OCT.The agreements between Optovue iVue OCT and Pentacam or Visante OCT were evaluated by Bland-Altman test.The corneal area of 1.0-2.5 mm away from the center was divided into eight quadrants and the average corneal thickness of each quadrant was measured and analysis with Optovue iVue OCT.Results No significant difference was found in corneal thickness values for 3 times by Optovue iVue OCT (P=0.546).The ICC by Optovue iVue OCT was 99.92％,99.99％,99.96％,99.99％,99.99％ and 99.97％ at the corneal thinnest point,the central point and 3:00,6:00,9:00,12:00 zones respectively.There were significant differences among the 3 kinds of methods (P =0.000,0.001,0.000,0.003,0.002,0.000).The measured values of Optovue iVue OCT were significantly lower mean 24.20 μm than those of Pentacam (P=0.000,0.001,0.000,0.003,0.004,0.000),but only the value at 12:00 zone of Optovue iVue OCT was evidently declined in comparison with that of Visante OCT (P =0.016),there were no significant differences between all the other zones (P =1.000,0.447,0.239,1.000,1.000).While the mean corneal thickness value from Pentacam lowed by 14.01 μm in comparison with Visante OCT,all zones had significant differences (P =0.009,0.005,0.034,0.017,0.008) except the central point (P =0.056).Based on the Optovue iVue OCT,the thinnest zone was at temporal quadrant in 23 eyes (accounting for 51.11％) and at superior quadrant or super nasal quadrant in 21 eyes (both at 46.66％).Conclusions Optovue iVue OCT measurement of corneal thickness is of high repeatability and is consistent with Visante OCT in myopic eye.Optovue iVue OCT shows evident difference from Pentacam in the measurement of corneal thickness.The thinnest point of the cornea is mainly in the inferior temporal quadrant and the thickest point is commonly in superior quadrant and nasal superior quadrant based on Optovue iVue OCT.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between spectinomycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and mutations in the rpsE gene.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from 4 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with different levels of spectinomycin resistance.Then,PCR was performed to amplify the entire rpsE gene and the spectinomycin resistance-determining region (SRDR) in the 16S rRNA gene followed by direct sequencing.Two spectinomycin-sensitive Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains were transformed with the genomic DNA containing the mutant rpsE gene.Subsequently,the susceptibility of the transformants to spectinomycin was determined,and PCR was performed to amplify the rpsE and 16S rRNA genes in the transformants followed by sequencing.Results All the 4 spectinomycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains harbored an A70C transversion in the rpsE gene,but no abnormality in the SRDR of the 16S rRNA gene.No mutations were detected in the spectinomycin-sensitive Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains.The A70C transversion in the rpsE gene was also detected in the two Neisseria gonorrhoeae transformants with spectinomycin resistance.Conclusion The A70C point mutation within the rpsE gene is associated with spectinomycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Objective To investigate the effects of Mandarin speech rate on Mandarin acceptable noise level test in normal hearing adults.Methods Using the national Putonghua proficiency test material to produce 0.8 times,1.0 times and 1.2 times speed rate of ANL test materials.ANL tests were measured for 58 normal hearing a-dults using different peed matetrials.For each case,the most comfortable loudness(MCL)and background noise lev-el(BNL)were found.The ANL was then computed by subtracting the mean BNL from MCL.ResuIts Statistic anal-ysis indicated that there were no significant differences of the ANL(P>0.05)among the differenct speed materials, there were no correlation between MCL-ANL (P>0.05),negatively correlation between BNL-ANL(P<0.05)a-mong the differenct speed materials.ConcIusion Mandarin speech speed does not effect ANL test,the more the in-dividual’s ability to accept the background noise,the smaller the value of ANL.

Objective:To develop an HPLC with gradient elution method for the determination of loteprednol etabonate and the re-lated substances in loteprednol etabonate and tobramycin compound ophthalmic suspension. Methods:HPLC with gradient elution was performed with Inertsil ph phenyl column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase A and B was 0. 25% acetic acid solution-acetonitrile (80 ∶20) and acetonitrile, respectively. The flow rate was 2. 0 ml·min-1 and the detection wavelength was 244 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:The main ingredient and the related substances could be well separated. Loteprednol etabonate had a good linear relationship within the range of 0. 001-1. 02 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9), and the average recovery was 99. 9%(RSD=0. 9, n=9). Conclusion:The assay method is sensitive, accurate and convenient with good res-olution. It can be applied to control the quality of loteprednol etabonate and tobramycin compound ophthalmic suspension.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of sodium tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate(STS) on adriamycin-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis. Methods H9c2 cells were divided into four groups: the control group, the ADR group, the STS group, and the AS(ADR+STS) group. MTT assay were used to detect cell proliferation and cell death. The cell cycle of H9c2 cells were determined by flow cytometry assay. Protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot assay. Results Compared with the control group, cell proliferation was significantly reduced , and the number of the cells was significantly increased in the G0/G1 phase in the ADR group(P < 0.01, P < 0.05). At the same time, the expression of Caspase-3 was dramatically enhanced and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the ADR group. However, pretreatment of STS increased H9c2 cell proliferation, decreased the number of the arresting cells, inhibited the expression of Caspase-3, and improved the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions STS can attenuate ADR-induced myocardial cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the serovar distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) isolated from male patients with urethritis in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic.Methods Urine specimens were collected from male patients with urethritis in STD clinic at Hospital of Dermatology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2013 and December 2013.Fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to detect Ct DNA in these specimens.DNA was extracted from Ct-positive urine specimens,and nested PCR was conducted to amplify the VS1-VS2 regions of the outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene,followed by gene sequencing.The resulting sequences were aligned to reference sequences by the DNAStar5.0 software to determine Ct serovars.Results A total of 432 urine specimens were collected,and 33.1％ (143/432) of them were positive for Ct.The VS1-VS2 regions of the ompA gene were amplified from 127 out of the 143 Ct-positive specimens,but not from the other 16 specimens.Nine serovars were identified by gene sequencing among the 127 specimens,including serovar E (29 strains,22.83％),F (28 strains,22.05％),D (19 strains,14.96％),G (16 strains,12.60％),J (16 strains,12.60％),K (8 strains,6.30％),H (5 strains,3.94％),I (3 strains,2.36％) and B (3 strains,2.36％),and Ct serovars E,F,D,J and G accounted for 85.02％ among all the strains.Synonymous mutations were identified in 14 out of the 127 strains when compared with reference strains.Conclusions E,F,D and G serovars were the main Ct serovars in male patients with urethritis in STD clinic.The proportion of Ct serovar E strain was decreased,but that of serovar J strain was increased compared with 20 years ago.

Objective To study different test positions on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in youth ,and to find a suitable position and provide a guidance for clinical practice .Methods Thirty normal young vol-unteers were tested by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials ,using three different positions :supine with the head held straight up(SHU),supine with the head held up and turned away from the test ear(SHT),sitting with the head turned away from the test(SIT) ,the derivation rate ,latency and amplitude were analyzed .Results The deri-vation rate of SHU ,SHT and SIT were 100% ,100% and 63 .3% ,respectively .The derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 la-tency and p13 n23 inter-latency between SHU and SIT ,and between SHT and SIT had statistical differences (P<0 .05) .No statistical significant differences were found in derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 latency and p13n23 inter-latency between SHU and SHT (P>0 .05) .The amplitude was significantly different among the three positions (P<0 .05) . No statistical significant difference were found in derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 latency ,p13 n23 inter -latency and am-plitude between men and women of the three positions (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The derivation rate of SHT was 100% with maximum amplitude .SHT is the most recommended position for clinical test in youth .The derivation rate of SHU was 100% ,and no statistical significant difference were found in p13 ,n23 latency and p13n23 inter-la-tency between SHU and SHT (P>0 .05) .SHU can be used in clinical test .SIT is not recommended for using in clinical test .Gender does not affect VEM Ps test .

Objective To establish two nested PCR assays for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in urine samples from male patients with urethritis,and to evaluate their diagnostic value.Methods One thousand and eighty-eight male patients with urethritis were enrolled from sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in the Hospital of Dermatology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between April 2011 and December 2013.Urethral swabs were collected followed by smear testing,wet mount microscopic examination of Trichomonas vaginalis,and cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Urine specimens were also obtained from these patients followed by DNA extraction.Two nested PCR assays were developed and performed to amplify the repeat genomic sequence and β-tubulin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis.Results Trichomonas vaginalis was detected in none of these swab specimens by wet mount microscopy,but in 29 (2.67％) of the urine specimens by either of the two nested PCR assays.Moreover,the positive specimens detected by the two nested PCR assays were completely consistent.Conclusion Compared with wet mount microscopy,nested PCR has higher sensitivity and specificity in detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in urine samples from male patients.