The existence of stern/progenitor cells in the endometrium was postulated many years ago,but the first functional evidence was published in 2004.The study of endometrial stem/progenitor cells had opened up an active field in the subsequent 10 years.Human endometrium has immense regenerative capacity and bilayer structure,in which the upper functionalis is shed at menses and regenerates from the remaining basalis in the subsequent cycle,these characteristics had been the motivation for investigators to identify and characterize endometrial stem/progenitor cell populations.The discovery of specific markers for endometrial stem/progenitor cells has enabled the examination of their role in endometrial proliferative disorders,including endometriosis,adenomyosis and Asherman's syndrome.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis of Crohn's disease(CD)in Ruijin hospital of School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University according to the criteria made by World Health Organization(WHO)and Chinese Medical Association.Methods The consecutive patients with CD diagnosed in Ruijin hospital between 1998 and 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestation.endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic findings of all patients were re-evaluated accordingto the diagnostic criteria of CD proposed by WHO and Chinese Medical Association in 2007.The diagnostic level of CD was assessed.Results Only 5 and 10 patients were confirmed to be well consistent with the criteria of WHO and Chinese Medical Association,respectively.Two hundred and thirty-six patients were confirmed as suspected diagnosis to the criteria of Chinese Medical Association and 20 patients to WHO.The level of endoscopic diagnosis was raised,wherease the level ofpathologic diagnosis was decreased in recent years compared with that before 2004.Conclusion The pathologic diagnosis rate of CD is still at a low level.The current diagnostic level of CD is lagging behind the demand of the guidelines.

Objective To evaluate the effect of long-term use of simvastatin on aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury.Methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-280 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), simvastatin group (group Sim), mechanical ventilation group (group MV) and simvastatin + mechanical ventilation group (group SMV).In C and Sim groups, normal saline 1 ml/d and simvastatin 10 mg · kg-1 · d-1 were injected, respectively, through a gastric tube into stomach for 4 weeks, and then the rats were tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated, and the animals kept spontaneous breathing for 4 h.In MV and SMV groups, normal saline 1 ml/d and simvastatin 10 mg · kg-1 · d-1were injected, respectively, through a gastric tube into stomach for 4 weeks, and then the rats were tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated (tidal volume 50 ml/kg) for 4 h.The rats were then sacrificed, and lungs were removed for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) content,and expression of AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues, and for microscopic examination of pathological changes.Results Compared with group C, the W/D ratio, MPO activity, and MDA content were significantly increased, the SOD activity was decreased, and the expression of AQP5 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group MV (P＜0.01).Compared with group MV, the W/D ratio, MPO activity, and MDA content were significantly decreased, the SOD activity was increased, and the expression of AQP5 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group SMV (P＜0.01).The pathological changes of lungs were significantly mitigated in group SMV as compared with group MV.Conclusion Long-term use of simvastatin alleviates ventilator-induced lung injury, and the mechanism is related to down-regulated expression of AQP5 in rats.

Objective To study the effects of long-term use of simvastatin on mechanical ventilation induced lung injury.Methods Forty SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into four groups (n =10,each):normal saline (NS) control group (group A),mechanical ventilation group (group B),simvastatin control group (group C),and simvastatin + mechanical ventilation group (group D).The rats in groups C and D were treated with simvastatin dissolved in 1 mL NS by gavage with a dose of 10 mg/kg,and the rats in groups A and B were treated with the same volume of NS by gavage for 28 days.Half an hour after the last garage,the rats in groups B and D underwent tracheostomy and intubation for 4 hours,and then received a tidal volume of 30 mL/kg with the respiratory frequency of 40 times/min,inspiratory:expiratory ratio of 1:3,and the rats in groups A and C received tracheostomy and intubation,spontaneous breathing for 4 hours.Four hours later rats were sacrificed by abdominal aorta bloodletting,and the lung tissue was harvested for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to observe pathological changes under light microscope.The activity of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was determined.The lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and white blood cell (WBC) count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined.The levels of interleukins-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in BALF were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Under light microscope,the structure of lung tissue was integrity in groups A and C without obvious edema and inflammatory cells aggregation;the pathological changes in lung tissue in group B was obvious;and the alveolar structure was clear in group D,pulmonary edema and inflammatory cells aggregation were significantly reduced as compared with those of group B.Compared with group A,SOD activity in group B was significantly decreased (U/g:17.97±2.27 vs.28.51 ±4.58,P ＜ 0.01),while MDA,MPO,lung W/D ratio and WBC,IL-6,TNF-α in BALF were significantly increased [MDA (μmol/g):5.40 ± 0.71 vs.3.56 ± 0.55,MPO (U/g):1.26±0.29 vs.0.68±0.12,lung W/D ratio:6.60±0.99 vs.4.84±0.26,WBC (× 109/L):6.59±0.82 vs.2.35±1.31,IL-6 (ng/L):207.11± 18.67 vs.123.17±20.15,TNF-o (ng/L):421.38±36.27 vs.207.15±44.39,all P ＜ 0.01].Compared with group B,SOD activity in group D was significantly increased (U/g:22.05±2.45 vs.17.97±2.27,P ＜ 0.05),MDA,MPO,lung W/D ratio,and WBC,IL-6,TNF-α in BALF were significantly decreased [MDA (μmol/g):3.77±0.55 vs.5.40±0.71,MPO (U/g):0.96±0.14 vs.1.26±0.29,lung W/D ratio:5.16±0.42 vs.6.60±0.99,WBC (× 109/L):3.18± 1.24 vs.6.59±0.82,IL-6 (ng/L):147.90±21.70 vs.207.11 ± 18.67,TNF-α (ng/L):237.16±50.83vs.421.38 ± 36.27,all P ＜ 0.01].There were no significant difference in all parameters between group C and group A.Conclusion The long-term simvastatin treatment could significantly reduce lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation in rats,and its mechanism was related with simvastatin reduced oxidation-antioxidant imbalance and the inflammatory cytokines activity changes.

AIM: To establish a novel method for the overall quality control of Fructus Gardeniae by HPLC digitized fingerprint and its normalization. METHODS: The chromatographic fingerprints were obtained by injecting 5 ?L of the sample solution each time on a Century SIL C_ 18 BDS column (20 cm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) with the gradient elution solvent system composed of 1% acetate acid-water and 1% acetate acid- acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 mL /min, the column temperature was maintained at (30?0.15)℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 265 nm. The chromatographic fingerprints were evaluated by the digitized parameters, such as the chromatographic fingerprint index (F), quantitative similarity, etc,. The influence of big peak on similarity was elaborated by direction cosines, and its cancellation was achieved by the qualitative similarity of peak area ratio. RESULTS: 35 co-possessing peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks of Fructus Gardeniae by taking Geniposide peak as the reference peak. The HPLC digitized fingerprint and its normalization were implemented. CONCLUSION: This method with good precision and reproducibility can be useful in the quality control of Fructus Gardeniae.

AIM:Capillary electrophoresis fingerprints(CEFP) and quantitative analysis methods of Radix Scutellariae were established. METHODS:All experiments were carried out in an uncoated fused silica capillary(75 cm?75 ?m i.d.,effective length 63 cm) with a 50 mmol/L sodium borate solution(contained 5% acetonitrile,pH 9.30) under 12 kV while the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm and naproxen was selected as the internal standard. RESULTS:8 co-possessing peaks were selected in the CEFP taking naproxen referential peak.The similarities between each of the ten places and the referential CEFP of Radix Scutellariae were evaluated both the qualitative similarity S_F and the quantitative similariy Q,the apparent quantitative similarity R. CONCLUSION:The method of the CEFP and quantitative analysis are rapid,simple and accurate with a good repeatability and can be used for the quality control of Radix Scutellariae.

Objective:To determine the residual formaldehyde fumigation on the surface of pharmaceutical equipments by AHMT method. Methods:The reaction time of AHMT was controlled in 20 min, the solution with sodium periodate was then shaken for 30 seconds and stood for 30 seconds, and then the absorbance at 550 nm was measured. Results: The linear range of formaldehyde was 0. 250~2. 495 μg·ml-1. The recovery of formaldehyde on glass plate, color steel plate and stainless steel plate was (83. 42 ± 1. 48)%(n=3), (83. 63 ± 1. 94)%(n=3)and (83. 94 ± 2. 28)%(n=3), respectively. Conclusion:The method is proved to be convenient and accurate, and is suitable for the determination of formaldehyde on the surface of pharmaceutical equipments.

Objective To explore the mechanism of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R),based on I/R-HMGB1-ERS as the breakthrough point.Methods The brain of rats birthed 1-3 days was harvested,and the brain cells were cultured in vitro,which were used in the experiment when the cells were in the third passage.The cells were divided into two groups:cells in blank control group were cultured under the normal conditions without any treatment,and the cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation group were cultured with 99.9％ nitrogen for 60 minutes (hypoxia) followed by opening the bottle neck for reoxygenation 120 minutes to simulate I/R model.The HMGB1 gene was silenced by using small interfering RNA (siRNA,siRNA and transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 mixture gradient was transfected into the cultured cells) as HMGB1-siRNA transfection group,and blank control (without any treatment) and negative control group (transfected with control siRNA) served as controls.The mRNA and protein expressions of HMGB1 and ERS related molecules were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot.Results ① In cells of hypoxia/reoxygenation group,the mRNA and protein expressions of HMGB1 and ESR related proteins,including glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78),C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12,were significantly higher than those of blank control group with statistical difference (the value in blank control group was served as baseline 1,HMGB1 mRNA:3.19±0.48 vs.1,t =2.183,P =0.008;GRP78 mRNA:2.07±0.33 vs.1,t =3.292,P =0.016;CHOP mRNA:1.93±0.28 vs.1,t =2.573,P =0.021;caspase-12 mRNA:2.42±0.42 vs.1,t =2.261,P =0.027:HMGB1 protein:2.28±0.36 vs.1,t =2.042,P =0.009;GRP78 protein:1.33±0.24 vs.1,t =2.781,P =0.016;CHOP protein:1.67±0.34 vs.1,t =2.174,P =0.021;easpase-12 protein:1.36±0.44 vs.1,t =3.192,P =0.008).It was indicated that ERS related molecules involved in cell hypoxia/reoxygenation process.2② After HMGB1 gene was silenced by siRNA,the cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation showed a decrease in the mRNA and protein expressions of HMGB1 and ERS related moleculars as compared with those of blank control group and negative control group (served the value in blank control group as baseline 1,HMGB1 mRNA:0.27±0.12 vs.1,1.02 ± 0.04;GRP78 mRNA:0.16 ± 0.13 vs.1,0.96 ± 0.04;CHOP mRNA:0.47 ± 0.09 vs.1,0.98 ± 0.07;caspase-12 mRNA:0.31 ±0.11 vs.1,1.05±0.02;HMGBI protein:0.23±0.04 vs.1,1.08±0.01;GRP78 protein:0.14±0.09 vs.1,1.35±0.03;CHOP protein:0.32±0.10 vs.1,0.93±0.06;caspase-12 protein:0.27±0.09 vs.1,0.97±0.08;P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).It was indicated that HMGB1 involved in ERS related with GPR7,CHOP,caspase-12.Conclusion Hypoxia/reoxygenation brain intracellular HMGB1 and ERS related molecules expression levels were significantly up-regulated,and silencing HMGB1 gene can significantly inhibit the expression levels of these molecules,and I/R-HMGB 1-ERS pathway may participate in the mechanism of brain I/R injury.

OBJECTIVE:To study the adsorption of disposable transfusion connective tube and infusion needle for single use only to nitroglycerin in intravenous injection via minipump.METHODS:The intravenous injection via minipump was im-itated;the concentration change of nitroglycerin during the injection process was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and ultraviolet spectrophotometry.RESULTS:Disposable transfusion connective tube and infusion needle for single use only had significant adsorption to nitroglycerin with an mean adsorption rate at(73.88?2.05)%within8hours.CONCLUSION:It is unsuitable to use those disposable transfusion connective tubes and infusion needles for single use only that have strong adsorption to nitroglycerin in the intravenous injection of nitroglycerin via minipump.

Objective To translate the English version of the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale into Chinese,and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version. Methods The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of scale was tested among 480 nurses from Tianjin First Central Hospital. Results The revised Chinese version of the Nursing Professional Self-Efficacy Scale contained 19 entries, the Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.95, the test-retest reliability was 0.91. Conclusions The revised Chinese version of the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale has acceptable reliability and validity. It can be used to measure the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy among nurses in China.