Manganese(Mn) is one of the essential trace elements in biologic metabolism.With proper quantity,Mn acts as some enzymes’active groups,reactivators,and participates in the physiological functions of central nervous system.Overdose exposure to Mn in industry may result in occurrence of occupational manganism,which can cause damage of many aspects of the body such as nerve,immunity and reproduction.The aim of present essay is to review the current studies on nerval behavior function and biomarkers of manganism both in China and other countries.

Objective:To study the predictive value of central venous-arterial CO 2 difference (Pv-aCO 2)/arterial-central venous O 2 difference (Ca-vO 2) ratio for progressive organ dysfunction in patients with septic shock after resuscitation. Methods:Septic shock patients receiving resuscitation in ICU were retrospectively enrolled from July 2018 to June 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital Anhui Medical University. Hemodynamic and laboratory data were collected. Single and multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to explore the independent risk factors of progressive organ dysfunction. The predictive value of hemodynamic parameters to progression of organ dysfunction was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve analysis.Results:A total of 99 patients were enrolled with 25 patients (25.25%) progressing to organ dysfunction. The norepinephrine dose [0.61 (0.27,1.42) μg·kg -1·min -1 vs. 0.91 (0.47,2.87) μg·kg -1·min -1], blood lactic acid [2.93 (1.77,5.88) mmol/L vs. 6.15 (2.56,8.59) mmol/L], Pv-aCO 2 [5.00 (3.98,7.85) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. 7.00 (5.00,8.35) mmHg] and Pv-aCO 2/Ca-vO 2 [1.36(1.17,1.69) vs. 2.23 (1.83,2.78)] in patients with progressive organ dysfunction were significantly higher than those in patients without( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that Pv-aCO 2/Ca-vO 2 ( OR=20.48,95 %CI 5.25-79.93, P<0.001) was independent risk factors for predicting organ dysfunction. The cutoff value of Pv-aCO 2/Ca-vO 2 was equal or more than 1.77 with a sensitivity of 80.00% and a specificity of 79.73%. Compared with those with Pv-aCO 2/Ca-vO 2<1.77, patients with Pv-aCO 2/Ca-vO 2≥1.77 had a greater probability of progressive organ dysfunction (47.37% vs. 8.20%, P<0.001). Conclusion:The progression of organ dysfunction in septic patients after resuscitation is associated with poor prognosis. Pv-aCO 2/Ca-vO 2 is a good indicator to evaluate oxygen metabolism and predict the progression of organ dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the influence of RNAi gene silence on the chemosensitivity of human digestive system neo-plasms .Methods Esophageal cancer EC109 cells and gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were selected and divided into the transfection group and the blank control group for culturing .Two cell lines in the transfection group were transferred by siRNA and silenced the expression of Survivin ,giving cisplatin 5 mg/L to co-culture for 72 h .The blank control group was given the conven-tional culture and the same dose of cisplatin for co-culture for 72 h .The in vitro proliferation rate of cells in the two groups were measured by MTT and their sensitivities to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin were compared .Results After siRNA silencing the ex-pression of Survivin in SGC-7901 and EC109 cell lines ,the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin drugs was increased .MTT results sugges-ted that the proliferation activity of cells was significantly lower than that in the non-silence cell lines ,the difference showing statis-tical significance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Adopting RNAi gene silencing technique can interfere the expression of Survivin gene ,in-hibit the proliferation of tumor cell ,and at the same time significantly improve the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy .

Objective To study different test positions on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in youth ,and to find a suitable position and provide a guidance for clinical practice .Methods Thirty normal young vol-unteers were tested by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials ,using three different positions :supine with the head held straight up(SHU),supine with the head held up and turned away from the test ear(SHT),sitting with the head turned away from the test(SIT) ,the derivation rate ,latency and amplitude were analyzed .Results The deri-vation rate of SHU ,SHT and SIT were 100% ,100% and 63 .3% ,respectively .The derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 la-tency and p13 n23 inter-latency between SHU and SIT ,and between SHT and SIT had statistical differences (P<0 .05) .No statistical significant differences were found in derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 latency and p13n23 inter-latency between SHU and SHT (P>0 .05) .The amplitude was significantly different among the three positions (P<0 .05) . No statistical significant difference were found in derivation rate ,p13 ,n23 latency ,p13 n23 inter -latency and am-plitude between men and women of the three positions (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The derivation rate of SHT was 100% with maximum amplitude .SHT is the most recommended position for clinical test in youth .The derivation rate of SHU was 100% ,and no statistical significant difference were found in p13 ,n23 latency and p13n23 inter-la-tency between SHU and SHT (P>0 .05) .SHU can be used in clinical test .SIT is not recommended for using in clinical test .Gender does not affect VEM Ps test .

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) alone or combined with trichostatin A(TSA) on cell proliferation, promoter methylation and mRNA expression level of PDX-1 gene in pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose toxicity. Method NIT-1 cells were treated in vitro by high glucose (33.3 mmol/L), then divided into five groups, control group, HG grpup, 5-Aza-dC treatment group, TSA interfere group and 5-Aza-dC + TSA group. Proliferation of NIT-1 cells, insulin secretion, promoter methylation and mRNA expression of PDX-1 gene were detected respectively. Results 5-Aza-dC and TSA alone or in combination could promote cell proliferation and recover insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells , could also reduce PDX-1 gene methylation and enhance expression of PDX-1 mRNA. Compared with single-treatment group , combined group was significantly different (all P < 0.05). Conclusion 5-Aza-dC and TSA could activate the expression of PDX-1 and, then recover insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells induced by high glucose. Combination of them had synergistic effect.

Objective:To develop and optimize a novel assay for determination of cytotoxicity based Calcein -AM release.Methods:The target cells stained by Calcein-AM dye,then effectors and targets were incubated at E/T ratios from 30∶1-1∶1 for 4 h at 37℃,and the supernatant of reactions were detected by Fluorescence-Measurement to analyze specific cytotoxity.Results:The optimal excitation and emission wave lengths of Calcein were 485 nm and 515 nm.Dilutions of target cells stained by Calcein-AM had a linear relationship with measured fluorescence values.The Calcein-AM dye used to stain the living cells was shown to have a low spontaneous leakage rate-less than 15% in 4 hours at 37℃.Cytotoxicity activity of CIK showed a significant and positive correlation with E/T ratio when incubated at 4 h.Conclusion:The developed cytotoxicity test by Calcein-AM release is accurate and can avoid the application of radioactive reagents.

Objective To improve the understanding of the characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the elderly patients, and to improve the diagnosis and treatment level. Methods Monitoring results of polysomnography (PSG) from 110 elderly OSAHS patients were analyzed retrospectively. The general conditions, sleep architecture, apnea and hypopnea events, oxygen reduction as well as possible correlations between various indicators were analyzed using SPSS18.0 statistical software. Results The median rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep time of elderly patients with OSAHS accounted for 2. 17% and 76.73%,respectively. The median arousal index was 45.6 times/h. The longest time of sleep apnea was (51.94±22.06) s, the median of average sleep apnea time was 22.50 s, the longest time of hypopnea was (47.06±12.52) s and the average hypopnca time was (21.50±4.63) s. The median respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of all patients was 21.50, the patients with RDI between 5 and 20 accounted for 46.40%, with RDI between 20 and 40 accounted for 31.80% and with RDI over 40 accounted for 21.8%. The average oxygen saturation accounted for (93.45% ± 2.81%), the lowest oxygen saturation accounted for (76.3%± 10. 5%) and the median oxygen desaturation index was 31.6;times/h. BMI was negatively correlated with lowest oxygen saturation (r=-0. 378, P＜0.01) and average oxygen saturation ( r = - 0. 355, P ＜ 0. 01 ), while was positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index (r=0. 338, P＜0. 01 ). The lowest oxygen saturation was negatively correlated with the longest time of obstructive apnea (r= -0. 47, P＜0. 01 ), the average time of obstructive apnea (r=-0.316, P＜0.01), the longest time of hypopnea (r=-0.293, P＜0.01) and the average time of hypopnea (r=-0. 277, P＜0.01). The median time intervals of oxygen desaturation during supine, left side and right side position were 2.36 min, 11.54 min and 12.45 min,respectively. The median time intervals of oxygen desaturation during left side and right side position were both longer than that of supine position (Z= -6.12 and -7. 10 respectively, both P＜0.01).Conclusions Elderly patients with OSAHS manifest obvious disorder of sleep structural and sleep fragmentation. According to RDI, the majority of the patients are classified as mild to moderate in severity. However, elderly patients with OSAHS are severe regarding to hypoxia relatively. The severity of hypoxia is related with BMI and the lasting time of sleep-disordered breathing events, and hypoxia are less severe when sleeping on left side or on right side.

Objective To study the characteristics of etiology of lobar pneumonia in hospitalized children.Methods Medical history and sputum specimens were collected from 1 179 hospitalized children with lobar pneumonia from January 2006 to December 2015.Multiple pathogenic joint detection combined with the history data were used for analysis.Seven kinds of common respiratory virus were detected by direct immunofluorescence.Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) and human Bocavirus (hBoV) were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Human Rhinovirus (HRV) and human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) were detected by reverse transcription PCR.Aspirates were cultured for bacteria.MP specific antibody IgG and IgM were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Positive rates of each group were compared by χ2 test or Fisher exact test.Results Total etiology detection rate of lobar pneumonia in hospitalized children was 83.9% (989/1 179).The etiology detection rate of MP, virus, bacteria and streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) were 74.0%, 14.2%, 18.3% and 12.2%, respectively.The virus detection rate in 1-3 years old group was the highest, and that in ≥6 years old group was lower than other group (χ2=70.095, P<0.01).The MP detection rate increased with age (χ2=119.777, P<0.01).The bacteria detection rate in ≥6 years old group was significantly lower than those of <1 years old group, 1-3 years old group and 3-6 years old group (χ2=8.939, 14.319, 45.738, all P<0.01).The detection rates of total virus, MP, bacteria and mixed infection had no statistical difference in the four seasons (all P>0.05).The MP detection rate was above 70% in every season.The detection rates of SP and hBoV were basically the same in every season.The detection rate of HI was higher in spring, Pinf 3 and SA were higher in summer, HRV was higher in autumn, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and moraxella catarrhalis (MC) were higher in winter.Conclusions Lobar pneumonia occurs more common in elder children.MP is the major pathogen of lobar pneumonia, and SP is the second.The MP detection rate increases with age.The pathogen detection rate varies with age, but the effect of seasonal factor is not obvious on pathogen detection in lobar pneumonia.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children with respiratory tract diseases ,and to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment and to formulate control measurements for the administrative department of public health .Methods Sputum specimens of 20 021 cases of hospitalized children with respiratory tract diseases from October 2005 to December 2014 in Suzhou were collected .MP DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction .At the same time ,venous blood was collected within 24 h after admission and 7-10 d of treatment .Specified MP antibodies IgG and IgM were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze the detection rate of MP . The positive rates between groups were compared using chi-square test or Fisher exact test .Measurement data were compared using Wilcoxon test .Results The MP infection rate was 36 .08% (7 224/20 021 cases) in 20 021 children .The MP infection rate of girls was 40 .81% (3 057/7 490) ,which was significantly higher than that of boys (33 .25% [4 167/12 531] ,χ2=116 .20 ,P<0 .01) .The MP infection rates of children at the age of less than six months ,6 months to 1 year old ,1-3 years old ,3-7 years old and older than 7 years old were 18 .35% ,29 .39% ,43 .93% ,54 .10% and 64 .48% ,respectively ,which increased with age (χ2 =1 949 .65 , P<0 .01) .The MP infection rates in spring ,summer ,autumn and winter were 31 .97% ,41 .57% , 40 .88% and 29 .90% , respectively . The MP infection rate of children in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in spring and winter (χ2 =234 .61 , P<0 .01) .The MP infection rate was highest in the autumn of year 2008 (55 .07% ) and lowest in the spring of year 2010 (18 .48% ) for the decade .The MP infection rate showed fluctuations with different degrees in four seasons except in 2007 . In the past ten years ,the MP infection rate in Suzhou area was at a higher level in 2008 ,2009 ,2012 and 2013 ,which were 46 .03% ,46 .60% ,39 .28% and 47 .40% ,respectively .The MP infection rate was the lowest (25 .24% ) in 2011 in the decade ,and maintained around 30% in the rest years .Conclusions The MP infection rate in children with respiratory tract diseases is at a high level in Suzhou area .The MP infection rate of girls is higher than that of boys .MP infection could occur among all age groups ,and the MP infection rate increases with age .MP infection rate peaks in summer and autumn .MP infection has a small prevalence every two or three years ,which could sustain about two years .

Objective To study the pathogenic etiology between nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage lfuid (BALF) in children with lower respiratory infection. Methods Multiple pathogen in NPA and BALF from 210 cases with lower respiratory tract infection was detected. Seven common respiratory virus (respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, in-lfuenza virus A, inlfuenza virus B, parainlfuenza 1, parainlfuenza 2, parainlfuenza 3) were detected by direct immunolfuorescence assay. MP, CP and HBoV were detected by lfuorescence quantitative PCR.HRV and hMPV were detected by RT-PCR. Aspirates were cultured for bacteria. The results of pathogen detection in secretions of upper and lower respiratory tract were analyzed. Results Total positive detection rate of NPA and BALF in 210 cases was 91.9%(193/210), which is higher than that in NPA 75.2%(158/210) and that in BALF 85.2%(179/210). Bacteria detection rate in NPA was 13.3%(28/210), and 8.6%(18/210) in BALF, without signiifcant difference (P=0.118). Bacteria detection rate in NPA and BALF was of poor consistency (Kappa=0.262). Virus detection rate in NPA was 24.3%, which is higher than that in BALF15.2%. BALF-MP detection rate was 77.6%(163/210), signiifcantly higher than that in NPA 53.3%(112/210). There are 95.5%(107/112) cases with positive results in NPA-MP detec-tioncan also be detected in the BALF-MP. MP copies in BALF were signiifcantly higher than that in NPA (4.28×106 vs. 1.31×105), and its positive rate in NPA was still higher than that in BALF. MP detection rate in NPA in children with clinical course of longer than two weeks was much lower than those with clinical course of two weeks or less. Conclusions The pathogen detection of virus and MP in NPA can be used as a reference for lower respiratory tract infection. The joint detection of NPA and BALF can improve the detection power. The sensitivity of virus detection in NPA is higher than that in BALF. NPA pathogen detection of virus and MP is of great important evidence-based medicine in the diagnosis of lower respiratory infection. MP detection rate and its copies in BALF are signiifcantly higher than that in NPA. BALF detection is the supplement of pathogen diagnosis in severe or refractory lower respiratory infections.