As the fourth member of the globin family, cytoglobin ( CYGB) is a hypoxia-induced gene, and its expression is upregulated under hypoxia.CYGB is widely distributed in the living body and has a variety of physiological functions, such as anti-oxi-dative stress, anti-fibrosis, and neuroprotection.It also plays a protective role in cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other hypoxia-re-lated diseases.This article presents an overview on the structure and distribution of CYGB, its physiological functions of anti-fibrosis, anti-cancer and muscle regeneration, and the regulation and the mechanism of its expression under hypoxia.

Objective To investigate the nutritional management level of Department of Clinical Nutrition in elderly inpatients through analyzing the actual hospital dietary intakes in elderly inpatients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013-2015.Methods Using continuous sampling, the nutrients contents and the eating rates of hospital meals ordered by the elderly inpatients on the 1st, 15th, 29th of every month from May 2013 to October 2015 were selected.The intake levels of energy, protein, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B1 , and vitamin C were calculated and compared with the Chinese dietary reference intakes (DRIs).The nutritional in-take differences between diabetes diet and the basic hospital diet were also compared.Results A total of 90 days of hospital dietary data from 8 402 elderly inpatients were included in the study.The average eating rate was (50.1 ±4.2)%, which was lower than the general eating rate of the hospital [ (59.0 ±4.0)%, P<0.001]. Only protein intake from hospital diet reached the requirement target [male (103.1 ±47.3)%, femal (98.3 ± 33.8)%].Individual compliance rates were 63.2%and 59.8%, respectively, while the other kinds of nutrients were lower.The compliance rates of energy [ (73.3 ±26.3)%vs.(62.1 ±38.2)%, P<0.001] and ma-jor nutrient intake [ protein: ( 119.1 ±41.2 )% vs.( 93.3 ±65.1 )%, P <0.001; calcium: ( 55.5 ± 26.7)% vs.(34.3 ±34.2)%, P <0.001; vitamin A: (75.2 ±48.3)% vs.(57.4 ±97.1)%, P<0.001;vitamin B1:(76.4 ±38.2)%vs.(52.1 ±46.6)%, P<0.001;vitamin C:(92.2 ±51.4)%vs. (49.3 ±55.0)%, P<0.001) in diabetes diet group were significantly higher than those in the basic hospi-tal diet group.Conclusions The nutritional intakes from hospital diets may not meet the nutritional require-ments based on DRIs in elderly inpatients.Medical diet designed by physicians and dietitians should be ex-panded to improve the nutritional management level for these patients.

Objective To evaluate whether flexible ambrosia,by which people can take special prebiotics instead of dining to alleviate their sense of hunger is a healthy, safe and effective weight loss method by analyzing the effects of flexible ambrosia on body weight, body composition, physiological and chemical indexes of young volunteers.Methods Young volunteers were tested on flexible ambrosia for seven days using special prebiotics instead of normal food.Body weight, waist circumference, body composition and blood biochemical indexes ( blood pressure, blood glucose, liver function, renal function, blood electrolyte, and blood lipid ) were measured and recorded before and after the test respectively.The volunteers′subjective feelings ( hunger, energy, fatigue, etc) were recorded during the test every day by way of e-form records.Results All volunteers of the flexible ambrosia test reduced their body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral fat index (VAI) and body fat rate (Fat,%)significantly (P<0.01)in seven days, while the body water rate, muscle mass, body protein and bone did not significantly change or rise.There was no significant functional abnormity of the liver kidney, or blood electrolytes and blood lipid.All volunteers were in good physical condition, high-spirited and slept well, high quality sleep, without any obvious hunger and fatigue response in seven days.Conclusion Flexible ambrosia seems to be a healthy, safe and effective method, and provides an important scientific basis and reference for weight loss in the military.

Objective: To investigate genotypes and drug susceptibility of the 100 strains of Candida glabrata isolated from 100 women (including 50 pregnant women) in order to study the drug-resistance and gene polymorphism, and to investigate the correlation of drug-resistance, gestation and gene polymorphism. Methods: Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique was introduced to identify sequences of 6 housekeeping genes from 100 isolates of Candida glabrata. The results were compared with sequence information in MLST databases by Clustalx software to determine a strain allelic profile and sequence type (ST). Drawing the phylogenetic tree by weighted paired group average method and the minimal spanning tree method of MEGA6.0 software, the microevolution and relationship between different strains were analyzed. ATB FUNGUS semi-automatic system was used to test the drug susceptibility. Fisher analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between the genotypes and pregnancy.Ridit analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between the genotypes and drug susceptibility. Results: The 100 isolates belonged to 34 clone sequences. There were 53 isolates belonged to ST-7 ( 26 isolates of pregnancy), 7 isolates belonged to ST-3 (3 isolates of pregnancy), 6 isolates belonged to ST-19 (5 isolates of pregnancy ), 3 isolates belonged to ST-15 (1 isolate of pregnancy), 2 isolates belonged to ST-10 (2 isolates of pregnancy), 1 isolate belonged to the other types of ST. Total of 100 isolates of Candida glabrata were 100% sensitive to fluorocytosine and amphotericin. The effect of itraconazole was poor with the sensitive rate of 20%. The resistance rates of fluconazole and voriconazole were 4% and 1% respectively. All genotypes were sensitive to voriconazole except ST-X1. In the correlation between genotype and itraconazole resistance, ST-7 as the standard group, the Ridit values in the group of ST-15, ST-19 and other types of ST were not included the mean Ridit value of the standard group in itraconazole (0.5). The system evolution tree was built using the neighbor-joining method (NJ) . All genotypes could be divided into 3 groups, as Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ. Group Ⅰ had 44 cases, group Ⅱ had 53 cases , group Ⅲ had 3 cases . All the collected clinical strains had small genetic distances during molecular evolution. Conclusions ST-7 was the dominant genotype in Guiyang. No correlation between different STs and patients′ pregnancy was found. The different drug susceptibility in itraconazole between ST-7, ST-15, ST-19 and other STs were found. The Candida glabrata associated with VVC showed highly discrimative diversity. However, the phylogenic analysis exhibited genetic similarity among the strains studied.(Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41: 596-600)

Objective To explore the research hotspots and development trends of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the past 20 years,and to provide reference for related research.Methods Literatures on Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were searched from January 1,2000 to December 31,2022 in CNKI,Web of Science Core Collection Database.VOS viewer software was used to visually analyze the citation frequency,research institutions and keyword hotspots of English literatures.CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze research institutions,authors,emergence keywords and keyword overlap time of Chinese literatures,and Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to analyze of annual publication trends and publication volume of Chinese and English literatures,and download frequency of Chinese literatures.Results A total of 4 872 Chinese and 128 English literatures were included,with an overall upward trend in the number of annual publications.The research institutions with the highest number of publications in Chinese and English were Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tianjin University of Commerce,and the authors with the highest number of publications were DU Chenhui and XIE Junbo,respectively.The most frequent keywords in Chinese literatures were"Ziziphi Spinosae Semen","composed"and"application of compound therapy",and in English literatures were"performance","oxidative stress".Conclusion From 2000 to 2022,the research hotspots of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen mainly focused on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects and clinical application analysis,compatibility research,formulation and preparation.Quality control and evaluation of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,and the research on the mechanism of preventing and treating insomnia with Ziziphi Spinosae Semen may become future research directions.

Objective :To evaluate therapeutic effect of allisartan isoproxil tablet on carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) le‐sion in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (EH).Methods :A total of 120 patients with mild to moderate EH complicated CAS treated in our hospital were enrolled .They were randomly divided into valsartan group (n＝60 ,received valsartan 80mg／d) and allisartan isoproxil group (n＝60 ,received allisartan isoproxil tablet 240mg／d) ,both groups received measure by carotid vascular ultrasound before treatment ,24 weeks and 48 weeks af‐ter treatment and its result were compared between two groups .Results :Compared with before treatment ,there were significant reductions in IMT ,size ,thickness and number of carotid atherosclerotic plaques on 24 weeks and 48 weeks after treatment in two groups ,and above indexes of 48 weeks were significantly lower than those of 24 weeks , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. The decreased value of IMT in allisartan isoproxil group was significantly higher than that of valsartan group ,and there were no significant difference between two groups in time point of size ,thickness and number of carotid atherosclerotic plaques , P＞0.05 all.Conclusion :Therapeutic effect of two drugs on size ,thick‐ness and number of carotid atherosclerotic plaques are similar ;but therapeutic effect of allisartan isoproxil tablet on IMT is significantly better than that of valsartan .

Objective:To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligent (AI)-based automated digital cell morphology analyzer (hereinafter referred as AI morphology analyzer) in detecting peripheral white blood cells (WBCs).Methods:A multi-center study. 1. A total of 3010 venous blood samples were collected from 11 tertiary hospitals nationwide, and 14 types of WBCs were analyzed with the AI morphology analyzers. The pre-classification results were compared with the post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts in evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of the AI morphology analyzers on the WBC pre-classification. 2. 400 blood samples (no less than 50% of the samples with abnormal WBCs after pre-classification and manual review) were selected from 3 010 samples, and the morphologists conducted manual microscopic examinations to differentiate different types of WBCs. The correlation between the post-classification and the manual microscopic examination results was analyzed. 3. Blood samples of patients diagnosed with lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative neoplasms were selected from the 3 010 blood samples. The performance of the AI morphology analyzers in these five hematological malignancies was evaluated by comparing the pre-classification and post-classification results. Cohen′s kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of WBC pre-classification and expert audit results, and Passing-Bablock regression analysis was used for comparison test, and accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement were calculated according to the formula.Results:1. AI morphology analyzers can pre-classify 14 types of WBCs and nucleated red blood cells. Compared with the post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts, the pre-classification accuracy of total WBCs reached 97.97%, of which the pre-classification accuracies of normal WBCs and abnormal WBCs were more than 96% and 87%, respectively. 2. The post-classification results reviewed by senior morphological experts correlated well with the manual differential results for all types of WBCs and nucleated red blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, immature granulocytes, blast cells, nucleated erythrocytes and malignant cells r>0.90 respectively, reactive lymphocytes r=0.85). With reference, the positive smear of abnormal cell types defined by The International Consensus Group for Hematology, the AI morphology analyzer has the similar screening ability for abnormal WBC samples as the manual microscopic examination. 3. For the blood samples with malignant hematologic diseases, the AI morphology analyzers showed accuracies higher than 84% on blast cells pre-classification, and the sensitivities were higher than 94%. In acute myeloid leukemia, the sensitivity of abnormal promyelocytes pre-classification exceeded 95%. Conclusion:The AI morphology analyzer showed high pre-classification accuracies and sensitivities on all types of leukocytes in peripheral blood when comparing with the post-classification results reviewed by experts. The post-classification results also showed a good correlation with the manual differential results. The AI morphology analyzer provides an efficient adjunctive white blood cell detection method for screening malignant hematological diseases.

Objective:To study and screen the differential expression of inflammatory proteins in diabetes skin ulcers and common skin ulcers, so as to provide experimental basis for further research on anti-inflammatory and healing drug targets of diabetes skin ulcers.Methods:The tissues of 11 patients with diabetes skin ulcer, 12 patients with common skin ulcer and 11 patients with normal skin were collected from the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine. The levels of inflammatory protein Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory factor interferon -γ (IFN -γ), tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF -α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), anti-inflammatory factors epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected in three groups of tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared with normal tissues, the concentrations of TLR4, NF-κB, IFN -γ, TNF -α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and EGF in common ulcer skin tissues and diabetes ulcer tissues were higher, and the concentrations of IL-10 were lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05); Compared with the normal tissue, the concentration of IL-4 in diabetes ulcer tissue was lower, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); Compared with ordinary ulcer skin tissue, the concentrations of TLR4, NF-κB and MCP-1 in diabetes ulcer tissue were higher, and the concentrations of IL-4 were lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The skin ulcer in diabetes patients will have inflammatory reaction, and high glucose promotes the inflammatory reaction of skin ulcer, which may be related to the abnormal expression of TLR4, NF-κB, MCP-1 and IL-4. TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway and inflammatory factors MCP-1 and IL-4 may be the target of the inflammation regulation of diabetes skin ulcer.

Polyporus umbellatus， as a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting diuresis and clearing dampness， mainly contains steroids and polysaccharides. It is usually used to treat diseases of urinary system. In this paper， the research progress of the effective components， pharmacological mechanisms and clinical use of P. umbellatus in diuresis-promotion and dampness- clearance is reviewed. Steroids such as ergosterone， peroxyergosterone， ergosta-7，22-dien-3-one and P. umbellatus polysaccharide PPS1， PPS2， PPS3， GUMP-1-1 and GUMP-1-2 promote diuresis and eliminate dampness through diuresis， renal protection， anti- inflammatory， bacteriostatic and immunomodulatory effects. Traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations such as P. umbellatus powder， P. umbellatus decoction， and Wuling powder have significant effects in treating urinary tract infections， lithiasis， renal edema and lesions， which providing reference for the further development and application of P. umbellatus.