Objective To investigate the concentration of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in body fluid of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and the origin of its secretion. Methods The concentration of SPARC in plasma, urine and cystic fluid from patients with ADPKD and healthy individuals was measured with ELISA. The content of SPARC protein in the culture medium of cystic epithelial cells was detected by Western blot. Results The concentration of SPARC in cyst fluid of ADPKD patients [( 3 628.75? 1 445.90) ng/ml] was much higher than that in their plasma and urine (P

Objective To investigate the effects of SPARC (secreated protein acidic and rich in cysteine) and its peptide on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of human mesangial cells cultured in vitro, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Mesangial cells were incubated in the media with various concentrations of SPARC and its peptide cultured in vitro. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis index were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of cyclinD1 and p21Wafl proteins in response to SPARC and its peptide in HMC was determined by Western blot. Results Various concentrations of SPARC and its peptide could significantly inhibit the proliferation of mesangial cells in dose- and time-dependent manner, regulate the cell cycle at phrase G-0/G1 increased while cells phrase S reduced, and could also induce apoptosis. Under the stimulation of SPARC and its peptide, the expression of cyclinDl in HMC decreased markedly meanwhile the expression of p21Wafl increased significantly. Conclusions SPARC and its peptide can effectively inhibit HMC proliferation and regulate cell cycle progression. The mechanism may be mediated by inhibiting cyclinDl and stimulating p21Wafl expression, subsequently blocking cells passing through G-S check point, which will be useful for treating mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.

Objective To detect the disparity of three biological molecules Caveolin-1,IL-1β,VEGF in cerebrospinal fluid of children with viral encephalitis at the different stages; to explore the role of Caveolin-1,IL-1β,VEGF in the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis;and to evaluate their clinical significance in assessing the severity and prognosis of viral encephalitis.Methods We recruited 65 inpatients children with viral encephalitis in the Second Neurology Department of Hunan Children's Hospital from July 2011 to July 2012.Subjects were divided into 2 groups:54 cases of acute phase and 11 cases of recovery phase.According to the clinical manifestations,they were re-divided into 40 patients with mild viral encephalitis and 25 cases of severe viral encephalitis.Twenty healthy age matched controls (10 cases of epilepsy and 10 cases of congenital abnormality) were also taken for the study.Cerebrospinal fluid exam,EEG,head MRI and other tests were performed in all patients.Caveolin-1,IL-1β and VEGF levels in cerebrospinal fluid of 65 children with viral encephalitis and 20 age-matched controls were measured using ELISA.Results Cerebrospinal fluid Caveolin-1,IL-1β,VEGF levels in the acute phase of viral encephalitis were (49.209 ± 22.320) pg/ml,(16.923 ± 6.823) ng/ml,(44.342 ± 19.264) ng/ml respectively,and (33.253 ± 20.349)pg/ml,(11.724 ± 3.009)ng/ml,(30.312 ± 18.147) ng/ml in recovery phase,which were significantly higher than those of controls (P ＜0.01).The difference was statistically significant between acute phase and recovery phase (P ＜ 0.05).Acute viral encephalitis patients had higher Caveolin-l,IL-1β,VEGF levels than the epilepsy group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).In viral encephalitis group,children with cerebrospinal fluid protein content (0.5 ～ 1.0 g / L) had higher of Caveolin-1,IL-1β and VEGF levels as compared with those with cerebrospinal fluid protein content ≤ 0.5 g/L,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Cerebrospinal fluid Caveolin-1,IL-1 β and VEGF showed no significant difference among children with different severity of encephalitis,different levels of frequent seizures,different degrees EEG changes (P ＞ 0.05).But in the patients with severe head MRI changes,cerebrospinal fluid Caveolin-1,IL-1β,VEGF levels increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Caveolin-1,IL-1β and VEGF may participate in the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis.Detection of these parameters may be helpful to the evaluation of the severity and prognosis of viral encephalitis.

Objective To measure mitral annual displacement (MAD) by M-mode echocardiography in normal second and third trimester fetuses,and assess relationships between MAD and gestational age and routine echocardiographic parameters for evaluation of left ventricular function.Methods One hundred fifty-five normal fetuses from 19 to 38 weeks of gestation were recruited in the study.MVD and tricuspid annual displacement (TAD) were measured.Early diastolic inflow velocities (E) of the atrioventricular valves were assessed by pulsed-wave Doppler(PW),and early diastolic velocities (Em) of the mitral annular were estimated by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).The ratio of E/Em was calculated.Results In normal fetuses,the MAD was (7.05 ± 1.17) mm.There was significant positive correlation between the fetal MAD and advancing gestational age ( r =0.82,P ＜0.01 ),and between MAD and E,A,Em,Am or Sm ( r =0.25,0.24,0.32,0.29 and 0.40 respectively,P ＜0.01).There was no correlation between fetal MAD and E/A,E/Em,LVEF or LVFS.The left MAD was significantly lower than the right TAD ( P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions MAD of fetuses from 19 to 38 weeks of gestation can be quantitatively measured by Mmode echocardiogram.The measurement of MAD provides a reliable quantitative standard to estimate long axis ventricular function of fetuses,which may be clinically useful in prenatal detecting early cardiac failure.

Objective To analyze the family burden of the caregivers of the psychosis patients in community, and the psychosocial factors which influence the family burden.Methods Conducted some questionnaires to survey the requirement and attitude on mental health knowledge,social support,family burden and coping style of the caregivers of the psychosis patients from the twelve communities which served as the stations for the psychosis of the twelve prefectures organized uniformly by Guangdong provincial disabled federation.Results 360 questionnaire was provided,and 308 replied to our questionnaire effectively.The mean score of each single item of the family burden questionnaire was beyond the moderate.The factor score of the economy burden was the highest among the factots of the economy burden(2.33±0.52),the daily activity of the family(2.17±0.53),the recreation activity of the family(2.00±0.58),the family relationship(2.10±0.54),the body health of the family members (2.03±0.65),and the mental health of the family members(2.09±0.68).The bad emotion and experience with the patients aggravated some factors of the family burden(P<0.05～0.01).According to correlation analysis and regression analysis,there were significant relation and impact between family burden with the requirement and attitude on mental health knowledge,subject support,coping style,age,economy,culture and so on(P<0.05～0.01). Conclusion Negative assumption to mental health will aggravate the family burden,transfering the positive message and changing passive coping style will help to reduce the family burden.

Objective To investigate the effects of cytarabine(Ara-C) on expression of B7 molecules and immunogenicity of acute leukemia (AL) cells. Methods The expression of B7 molecules on fresh AL ceils and on the Ara-C exposed leukemia ceils was detected by FACS cytometer. B7 mRNA in Ara-C treated HL-60 cells were detected by reverse RT-PCR. The stimulation of proliferation of allogeneic PBMC by Ara-C treated HL-60 cells was detected by MTT method. Results B7-2 was weakly expressed in four and positive in three, whereas BT-1 was positive in only one of fourty AL patiens. Ara-C significantly enhanced B7 molecules expression on AL cells. Ara-C could induce higher expression of B7 mRNAs on HL-60 cells.Ara-C treated HL-60 cells could stimulate PBMC proliferation and promote their IFN -γ production.Conclusion Fresh AL cells express low level of B7 molecules. Ara-C enhances the B7 molecules expression on AL cells. The Ara-C treated leukemia cells can significantly stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic PBMC and induce their secretion of IFN-γ.

Objective: To explore the effect of persistent atrial ifbrillation (AF) on circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension (EH).
Methods: A total of 173 EH patients treated in Gansu Provincial Hospital from 2013-02 to 2014-01were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups: EH group,n=88 and Persistent AF combining EH group,n=85. The baseline information was studied and the risk factors of persistent AF combining EH were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Compared with EH group, the Persistent AF combining EH group showed decreased average daytime DBP, minimum daytime SBP, minimum daytime DBP and the average 24-hour DBP, while increased maximum nighttime SBP and the percentage of reverse dipper in DBP, allP<0.05. There were no significant differences for the average of daytime SBP, maximum daytime SBP, maximum daytime DBP, the average 24-hour SBP, average nighttime SBP, average nighttime DBP, maximum nighttime DBP, minimum nighttime SBP, minimum nighttime DBP and the percentage of reverse dipper in SBP between 2 groups, allP>0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the maximum nighttime SBP was obviously related to persistent AF combining EH (OR=1.038, 95 CI 1.014-1.062,P=0.001).
Conclusion: Persistent AF may incur daytime BP dropping, such change was not obviously observed for nighttime BP in EH patients.

Objective Some children with congenital heart defect would get serious acute respiratory distress syndrome in ICU postoperatively,which is a tough problem.We summarized the clinical effects of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)with expiratory high frequency ventilation (HFV) for these patients in our center.Methods A total of 13 pediatric patients,with(8.15 ±4.34)months old and (8.23 ±4.01 )kg weight,used SIMV with expiratory HFV from Jan 2012 to Aug 2013.Keeping the original SIMV conditions unchanged,the expiratory oscillation amplitude were 25 to 35 Ann(A)and the oscillation frequency of 7 to 9 hertz(Hz).All patients were divided into two groups to oxygenation index(OI)30 min before HFV,high OI group(OI≤20,n ﹦5)and low OI group(OI 〈20,n ﹦8).OI ﹦MAP ×FiO2 /PaO2 .The values of OI,PaO2 /FiO2 and PaCO2 of two groups were monitored before and at 2,6,24,48 h after HFV re-spectively.Results The values of OI of all 13 patients were 19.31 ±4.42 before HFV,and then decreased to 18.77 ±5.18,16.00 ±5.22,14.77 ±6.56,and 13.92 ±6.53 respectively at 2,6,24 and 48 hours later (P 〈0.01 ).But there was no significant difference of OI in high OI group in different time points.The val-ues of PaCO2 of all 13 patients were(43.46 ±5.67)mmHg(1 mmHg ﹦0.133 kPa)before HFV,and de-creased to(38.31 ±4.21)mmHg,(37.61 ±3.36)mmHg,(34.77 ±3.81 )mmHg,and(35.92 ±2.39)mmHg respectively at 2,6,24,and 48 hours after HFV(P 〈0.01 ).Three dead patients were all in high OI group. Conclusion The mortality rate of serious acute respiratory distress syndrome with congenital heart diseases postoperatively is high.SIMV with expiratory HFV can improve oxygenation and reduce carbon dioxide,and the effect is better when OI 〈20.

Objective To prepare and identify monoclonal antibody against LRR-WSC domain of polycystin-1 and to investigate the distribution of polycystin-1 in kidney tissues and kidney cell lines. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with fusion protein PC1-e of polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain. The splenocytes were fused with myeloma cells by PEG 4000 and the hybridomas were selected in HAT medium. The hybridoma clones secreting antibodies against polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) and cloned by limiting dilution. The specificity of anti-polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain monoclonal antibody from hybridoma was verified by ELISA and Western blot. The distribution of polycystin-1 in tissues and cells was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results One cell line of hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody against polycystin-1 was established. Western blot analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted strongly and specifically to polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain. Distribution of polycystin-1 in fetal kidney was localized in tubular epithelium. In normal adult kidney tissues, our study showed that polycystin-1 was mainly expressed in the medullary collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules. Positive staining was also found in the majority of cyst-lining epithelial ceEs of cystic tissue from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( ADPKD) patients. Expressions of polycystin-1 were found in either ADPKD cyst-lining epithelia cell line and LLC-PK1, clearly plasma membrane and intracytoplasmic staining of polycystin-1 were observed. Conclusion Specific monoclonal antibody against polycystin-1 LRR-WSC domain were obtained. The antibody is important to researching the mechanism of ADPKD. The distribution of polycystin-1 in kidney tissues and cells show that polycystin-1 was important in tubular elongation and the maintenance of tubular architecture.

Objective To investigate the factors associated with seizure relapse after antiepilepsy drug (AED) withdrawal in childhood epilepsy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in epileptic children of Hunan Children's Hospital from Jan.2003 to Jan.2011.Among those with anti-epileptic therapy for seizure-free period over 2 years,the patients who relapsed after withdrawal were followed up through outpatient clinic visits and/or by telephone interviews for at least 2 years.Results Of the 127 cases of children enrolled in this study,28 patients(22.05％) relapsed [male:12/59 cases (20.34％) and female:16/68 cases (23.53％)].Cumulative relapse rates were 18.18％ (8/44 cases) in infancy,15.79％ (6/38 cases) in toddlers,23.53％ (8/34 cases) in preschool children,and 54.55％ (6/11 cases)in school age group.Of the patients who relapsed,generalized seizure occurred in 12/87 cases (13.79％),partial seizure in 16/40 cases(40.00％).According to seizure frequency between the first seizure and AED administration,3 cases(6.25％) relapsed among 48 cases of seizure frequency ＜ 5 times,13 cases(24.07％) relapsed among 54 cases of seizure frequency 5 to 10 times,and 12 cases(48.00％) relapsed among 25 cases of seizure frequency more than 10 times.Relapse occurred in 9 cases of monotherapy(9/91 cases,9.89％) and in 19 cases of polytherapy (19/36 cases,52.78％).According to the seizure control period (period between the beginning of antiepileptic treatment and AED withdrawal),14 cases relapsed among 37 cases with the seizure control period of 2 to 3 years (37.84％),8 cases relapsed among 51 cases with the period of 3 to 4 years (15.69％),and 6 cases relapsed among 39 cases with the period of 4 to 5 years(15.38％).According to AED tapering off period,10 cases relapsed among 24 cases with the period of 3 months (41.67％),9 cases relapsed among 36 cases with the period of 3-6 mc ths (25.00％),and 9 cases relapsed among 67 cases with the period of over 6 months(13.43％).Factors associated with an increased risk of relapse were age of epilepsy onset,seizure type,route of administration,timing of antiepileptic trug withdrawal,tapering speed,which were had statistical significance (x =8.051,6.780,16.896,27.607,7.576,8.451,all P ＜0.05).Gender difference was not associated with the risk of relapse(x2 =0.187,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Factors associated with an increased risk of relapse are age of epilepsy onset,seizure type,route of administration,timing of antiepileptic drug withdrawal,tapering speed.Standard therapies of early treatment,adherence to medication for at least 3 years,taper period for more than 6 months are associated with a decreased probability for relapse.