Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical characteristic of placental abruption. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical documents of 45 patients treated in the first affiliated hospital of Kunming medical university during 2010 to 2012. All mild placental abruption patients and severe placental abruption patients were used to analyze the high risk factors and outcomes of pregnancy. Results The incidence of placental abruption was 0.41%. Seventeen severe placental abruption patients and 28 mild placental abruption cases were included in this study. The incidence of uteroplacental apoplexy and perinatal infant outcomes were significant diferenct between two groups (P≤0.023) .The high risk factors were hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes,complicated with other diseases in pregnancy, and so on. About 22.2%placental abruption couldn't be explained by any reasons. Conclusions Severe placental abruption can occur in pregnant women with no high risk factors and cause bad pregnant outcomes. To improve the skills of medical personnel is the powerful measure in placental abruption treatment.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations of placental abruption ,and try to provide evidence‐based data for early diagnosis .Methods Retrospective cases of placental abruption from January 2008 to March 2014 were analyzed ,the clinical characteristics ,etiological factor and outcomes were compared .Results There were 58 cases in Ⅰ degree ,45 cases in Ⅱ degree and 21 cases in Ⅲ degree .The incidence of PIH in Ⅰ degree group was significantly lower than that in Ⅱ degree group ,the incidence of PROM in Ⅰ degree group was significantly higher than that in Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree groups(P< 0 .05) .The main symptoms of Ⅰ degree group were vaginal bleeding .The main performances of Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree group were abdominal pain with or without vaginal bleed‐ing .The cesarean section rate of Ⅰ degree group was significantly lower than that of Ⅲ degree group ,and the rate of maternal‐fetal adverse outcomes was statistically lower than Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree groups (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion It is helpful for early diagnosis of placental abruption and improving prognosis by regular prenatal care ,analyzing and combining with history or risk factors ,ultra‐sound ,physical examination ,and paying attention to clinical performance like abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding ,as well as impro‐ving the ability to identify the abnormal FHR .

Objective To identify the Candida species isolated from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis( RVVC) pa-tients, and provide etiologic datum of RVVC. Methods All Candida isolates, including those from vulvovaginal candidiasis ( VVC) and RVVC patients, were identified by using CHROMagar chromogenic medium and VITEK2 yeast identification kits. Results The proportions of nonalbicans species from nonpregnant RVVC relapse patients and pregnant VVC patients were both significantly higher than those from nonpregnant VVC patients ( P<0. 05 ) . Among pregnant patients, the percentage of C. albicans isolated from RVVC relapse was couer, but there was no significant difference of C. albicans species percentage between RVVC and VVC patients. Conclusion RVVC may be related to the recurrence of same Candia species and the reinfection of different Candia species. Pregnant women may be more inclinable to suffer from disorder caused by nonalbicans species.

Objective To explore the efficient method in detection of DMD/BMD patients.Methods 18 deletion-prone exon fragments of DMD gene were amplified via molecular cloning. They were used as probes and were spotted on the slides treated with APES and poly-lysine together by manual operation to make microarray. In addition, fragments of ?-actin were used as positive contrast and those of pUC 19/EcoR I were used as negative. 30 DMD/BMD patients were detected for deletion in DMD gene with the microarray and 5 healthy people were done as normal control. Parts of the results were compared with PCR method.Results Different exon fragment deletion of DMD/BMD gene was detected in 21 patients by DNA microarray, and 10 of them were confirmed by PCR analysis.Conclusion DNA microarray assay is a convenient ,accurate and sensitive method in diagnosis of DMD/BMD patient.

BACKGROUND: Dystrophin gene is X-linkage recessive heredity nerve-muscle system disease. Dystrophin gene deletions cluster in two hotspot regions, comprising exons 2-20 and 44-53. The majority of deletions can be detected by examining only a subset of exons. However, little is known regarding systematic detection of 18 common deletion exons of dystrophin gene.OBJECTIVE: To obtain and identify the cloning of 18 deletion-prone exons of dystrophin gene.METHODS: A total of 18 fragments of dystrophin gene were obtained through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with human genomic DNA as template and 18 pairs of primers respectively. The fragments were connected with pGEM-T Easy vector.The recombinants were transformed into E.coli JM109 competent cells, followed by planted on Luria-Bertani (LB)/ampicillin(Amp)/isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside(IPTG)/X-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactoside (X-Gal) plates and cultured.Positive transformants were selected with blue/white color screening, and the recombinant plasmids DNA was extracted and digested with restriction enzyme Not I. DNA sequences of the fragments were analyzed. Nucleotide analyses were performed through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Basic Local Alighment Search Tool (BLAST) against GenBank.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Size of the18 fragments by PCR amplification was in accordance with anticipation. Size of the fragments of recombinant cloning by Not I digestion was in accordance with that of PCR and expectation. Sequence size of the 18cloned fragments was in accordance with expectation. The cloned fragments have high homology with dystrophin gene through NCBI BLAST against GenBank. These cloned fragments were the main deletion-prone exons of dystrophin gene.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of three methods of yeast-like fungi identification of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).Methods The pathogenic candida strains were identified by CHROM agar chromogeinc culture medium,the chromogenic medium of Autobio and VITEK 2 system,and the result of VITEK 2 system was the gold standard.Results All candida strains were appraised.By VITEK2 system,217 candida isolates were identified as candida albicans,and 26 were detected as non-candida albicans.214 isolates were identified as candida albicans and 13 isolates were identified as non-candida albicans by Autobio.214 isolates were appraised as candida albicans,16 isolates were identified as non-candida albicans.The coincidence rate of identification of CHROMagar and the chromogenic medium of Autobio were 94.7％ and 95.06％.Compared with VITEK 2 system,there was no significant difference between these two chromogeinc culture medium identifying candida albicans and non-candida albicans.Conclusion The chromogenic medium of Autobio has higher cost-effectiveness,higher color discrimination and simpler technical operation,and is worthy of promotion in identifying candida species in clinic.

Objective:To analyze the feature of cranial nerve involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its relationship with the prognosis.Method:A total of 1892 patients who were diagnosed as NPC in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2003,of which the cranial nerve involvement was 183 (9.6%) patients, were analyzed the effect of cranial nerve involvement on the prognosis.Result:The percentage of cranial nerve involvement was 9.4%. The 5 year overall survival rate was 61.0%,disease free survival rate was 55.3%,local relapse free survival rate was 75.2% and distant metastasis free survival rate was73.4%.Periods of cranial nerve involvement,clinical stage,the diameter of the lymph nodes,involvement of cavernous sinus, and the level of the recovery of cranial nerve involvement were significantly associated with prognosis in univariate analysis(P<0.05).With multivariate analysis,the recovery level of cranial nerve involvement was the independent factor that affected the 5-year overall survival (RR=2.087). The diameter of the lymph nodes and involvement of cavernous sinus were the independent factors that affected the 5-year distant metastasis-free survival(RR=1.954 and 2.136,respectively).Conclusion:Periods of cranial nerve involvement and the level of the recovery of cranial nerve involvement were significantly correlated with prognosis. Involvement of cavernous sinus could increase the rate of distant metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of electrode impedance, THR/MCL values, and dynamic range (DR) in Combi 40+ cochlear implant after implantation. METHOD: A respective study was carried out collecting 20 consecutively implanted children's electrode impedances, THR/MCL values, and DR at seven time point during the first three years after implantation. Their variation and correlations were analyzed. RESULT: Overall, electrode impedances were lowest during the operation, and significantly rise to the highest at the first stimulation, then followed by a gradual decrease. After three months, electrode impedance of apical and medial cochlear segment were basically stable, while that of the basal segment was gradually increased. Dynamic range (DR) of apical and medial group electrode increased early after the operation and showed a stabilization from the second year, whereas that of basal group have a downward trend since the first year. However, the electric charge of each group increased significantly after three months, and then become stable after first year. Otherwise, a stronger negative rectilinear correlation was found between impedance changes with DR than with THR/MCL level. CONCLUSION The electrode impedances vary clue to different electrode position. Measuring the electrode impedance can effectively evaluate the working status of Combi C40+ cochlear implant. The dynamic range of the electrode was negatively correlated with the impedances, which made it possible to predict the width of the dynamic range by measuring the impedance 3 or 6 months after operation.
Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male

Based on clinical training and practice experience of the authors in recent years, the training practice of critical ultrasonography in standardized training of neurosurgical specialists were summarized in the study. The study also discussed the appropriate training mode and training requirements of critical ultrasonography in standardized training of neurosurgical specialists, from the aspects of basic theory training, clinical application training of critical ultrasonography and special training of craniocerebral ultrasound, training precautions and training assessment, so as to provide comprehensive evaluation and treatment strategies for neurological intensive patients.

Objective Targeted temperature management (TTM) is often used in neuro-critical care to minimize secondary neurologic injury and improve outcomes. Evidence-based implementation guideline of TTM was generated from clinical questions relevant to TTM implementation for neuro-critical care by experts recruited by the American Neuro-critical Care Society. Interpretation of this guideline would help the readers to understand the implementation of TTM, bring benefits to standardization of TTM application, and contribute to the solving of specific issues related to TTM implementation.