Pluripotent stem cells are type of cells that can differentiate into cells of ectoderm,mesoderm and endoderm layers.Cells isolated from developing embryos such as embryonic stem cells,embryonic germ cells,as well as cells derived from adult tissues and bone marrow and testis,have been proved to be pluripotent.Recent studies demonstrated that differentiated cells from adult could be reprogrammed to become pluripotent by genetic manipulation.The characteristics of pluripotent cells from different origins are summarized in this review,and the possible relationship between those populations is discussed.

Stem cells research is the hotspot in the field of biological science and medicine.Stem cells can be classified into embryonic stem cells and somatic stem cells.Embryonic stem cells derived from early preimplantation embryo have the pluripotent and unlimited self-renewal capacity.They are an attractive source for tissue engineering,gene therapy,basic study of developmental biology and so on.However,such therapies carry a risk of teratoma formation,and may contribute to the functional failure of the graft.Here,we discuss the reasons for the formation of teratoma and the solutions to this problem.

Stem cells offer considerable promise in the repair or replacement of damaged tissue in the body.Mature and functional endothelial cells play a pivotal role in neovascularization and maintenance of blood vessel integrity.Although being the best choice for transplantation endothelial,cells isolated from autologous vessels have been heavily obstacled in medical application due to poor resources and limitted proliferation potential in culture.Thus,stem cells have been the focus of the studies soareh for suitable cell sources.Several types of stem cells have been reported to possess endothelial cell differentiation potential.This article summarized the recent study on the sources,distribution,features-differentiation,animal experiments and clinical use of stem cells.Advantages and disadvantages are compared to provide a reference for the choice of evdothelial celia source.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Though the development of multidisciplinary therapy has largely improved the therapy effects, many patients still died of local recurrence and metastases after surgery. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) originates from primary tumor tissues and has a close relationship with cancer metastases and prognosis. This review summarizes the CTC detection methods and relevant clinical research on CTC in recent years.

Since the first successful establishment of human embryonic stem cell line in 1998,embryonic stem cell research has attracted much attention in recent years.Theoretically,embryonic stem cells are pluripotent 0f in vitro proliferation and in vivo differentiation.which could serve as a promising seed cell source for cell thera PY or tissue engineering.Differentiation of the embryonic stem cells into a certain type of cell still remains a big challenge.Studies regarding chondrogenic ifferentiation have been reported.This article summarizes the chon drogenic process in developing embryo and the currently known factors involved in the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cell.Foreground of the study in this field is discussed.

The concept of hemangioblast was proposed a century ago. The existence of hemangioblasts has been demonstrated recently in vitro by differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cell into em-bryoid bodies(EBs). In the developing embryo, a common progenitor, termed "hemangioblast", generates both hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages. The in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells to hemangioblast is a powerful approach for studying the commitment of the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. This review will summarize recent development in the studies on hemangioblast.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, pathological and biochemical featur es of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The clinical data of 624 HCC patients (the ratio of male to female 5.3∶1) ident ified by pathology were retrospectively reviewed. Results Among the patients with HCC, 32.2% (201/624) had PNS, the ratio of male to femal e was 4.6∶1. PNS mainly manifested as six clinical abnormalities: hyperchol esterol emia (15.9%), hypoglycemia(8.2%), thrombocytosis(7.7%), leucocytosis(4.8%), eryt hrocytosis(3.4%), hypercalcemia (1.0%). The carcinoma of PNS originated in multi si tes, they mainly located at the right lobe of liver, whilst 47.5% of patients wi th PNS were involved in two lobes. The level of ?-glutamyltranspeptidase in PN S was statistically higher than that free of PNS controls (261.2?224.0 vs. 165 .8?152.2, P

Growing energy consumption has become a key consideration for hospital infrastructure,while densely-placed data centers in the hospital make things worse.In view of energy saving and environment protection,the authors briefed the inevitable trend and requirements for the hospitals to build environment-friendly data centers,with key details and outcomes covered.

BACKGROUND: Recently, α-hydroxy-acid and aliphatic series polyester synthetized with its derivates such as polylactide and polyglycolide have been studied extensively for scaffold of peripheral nerve tissue engineering.These materials might improve the effect of nerve guidance through overcoming several shortcomings of autografts, including permanent denervation of donor site, tissue deficiency, and potential differences in tissue structure and size.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of poly (DL-lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA). Copolymer ratio of lactide: glycolide was 85:15 or 50:50)and evaluate its effect on nerve guidance.DESIGN: A comparative study and observation.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: A total of 66 Wistar rats of either sex and clean grade,weighting 180-200 g, were involved; the 85:15 or 50:50 copolymer of poly (lactide-co-glycolde) (PLGA).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Field Surgery Institute No. 6; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Compound Injury, Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University, from November 2001 to December 2002. ① Co-culture of Schwann cells with PLGA film: Growth of Schwann cells co-cultured with PLGA film was observed under scanning electron microscope. ② Histological observation of PLGA film: Fifteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (according to 1, 2, 4, 8and 12 weeks time point postoperatively) with 3 rats in each group. PLGA was trimmed to pieces of film with the size of 10.0 mm × 5.0 mm × 0.3 mmand implanted into the rat dorsal muscles under aseptic condition. Hematoxylin/eosin staining was used to evaluate inflammatory reaction. ③Bridging of sciatic nerve defect in rats with PLGA conduits: Fifty-one Wistar rats were divided into PLGA (85:15) conduit group, PLGA (50:50) conduit group and silicone conduit group, each of which was further divided into 5 subgroups according to different time points (2, 4, 6, 8, and 12weeks postoperatively) with 3 rats in each subgroup, except for 12-week time point subgroup which used 5 rats. Gross observation and electrophysiological studies (only 12 weeks time point postoperatively) were performed.The midconduit regenerated nerves were removed and then stained with toluidine blue. Histological observation of regenerated nerves was performed under the optical microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome: ① Histological observation of PLGA film implanted in rat muscles. ② Electrophysiological and morphological evaluation of nerve guidance effect of PLGA conduits.Secondary outcome: Growth behavior of Schwann cells when co-cultured with PLGA films.RESULTS: All the 66 rats entered the result analysis. ① Histological observation of PLGA film implanted in rat muscles: The PLGA implants caused only minimal non-specific inflammatory reaction at an early time,as characterized by a low concentration of lymphocytes and fibroblasts,which was not present 10-12 weeks postoperatively. ② Cell attachment and morphological observation by scanning election microscopy: Schwann cells grew and proliferated well when co-cultured with PLGA film. ③Bridging of sciatic nerve defect in rats with PLGA conduits: Gross observation: Silicone induced significant proliferation of fibre tissues, characterized by encapsulation, when bridging sciatic nerve defects in rats, but the similar response could not be seen in PLGA in the same situation. At week 12 after bridging sciatic nerve defects in rats, motor nerve conduction velocity in PLGA (85:15) group was 17.03±0.66 m/s; it was 17.15±0.76 m/sin silicone group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Quantitative evaluation of regenerated nerves in PLGA group showed that the thickness of myelin sheath was (0.45±0.16) μm, fiber width was (3.96±1.73) μm, axon/mm2 10 135±1 053, and area percentage of neural tissues (%) was 23.4±2.7; in silicone group the corresponding data were (0.45±0.19) μm, (4.07±1.86) μm, (9879±1491) mm2 and (23.6±3.1)%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05). Since PLGA (50:50) conduit collapsed at an early time in the same animal model, corresponding indexes couldnot be detected in PLGA (50:50) group.CONCLUSION: In contrast to PLGA (50:50) and silicone, PLGA (85:15)is a good material for peripheral nerve tissue engineering because of its good biocompatibility and proper biodegradation rate.

Objective To investigate the health status of university faculty.Methods The healthy physical examination results of teaching staff in Beijing University of Technology in 2012 were statistically analyzed.Results Among 4 191people,3 678 were examined abnormal.The prevalence rate was 87.97％.A total of 36 kinds of diseases were detected,and mainly in chronic diseases such as pharyngitis,fatty liver,hyperlipidemia,hypertension,breast hyperplasi a,diabetes or fasting glucose ≥7.00mmol/L and others.The prevalence rate in the male staff was significantly higher than that in female staff(all P ＜ 0.05).Condusion College teachers' health condition is not optimistic.Necessary preventive measures such as regularly medical examinations,strengthening health care and education should be taken and implemented.