Objective To study the degradation of Rhizoma Typhonii polysaccharide with sulfuric acid under the normal and ultrasonic condition. Methods The orthogonal test table L9(34) was used to optimize 4 factors including acid concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature and ultrasonic power, with the yield of the low-molecular-weight polysaccharide as the index. Results The optimal conditions of discomposing Rhizoma Typhonii polysaccharide with sulfuric acid were 10% sulfuric acid, 100 ℃ for 2 h under the normal condition,and the yield of low-molecular-weight polysaccharide was 36.17%. Under the ultrasonic condition, the optimal conditions were 150 W of the ultrasonic power, 5% sulfuric acid, 40 ℃ for 1 h, and the yield was 44.63%. Conclusion The degrading yield of the low-molecular-weight polysaccharide can be increased under ultrasonic condition with sulfuric acid.

BACKGROUND: The effective fraction of stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalensis, total flavones from stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalensis (SSTF) can improve blood flow of coronary artery and cerebral blood flow,prolong the time of cruor and prothrombin and decrease blood lipid.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of SSTF on blood pressure of normal rats and rat models of renal artery stenosis.DESIGN: A completely randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College (Key Laboratory of Research and Exploiture of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hebei Province) MATERIALS: Totally 70 Wistar rats, aged 2 months old , of clean degree, with body mass of (250±50) g, male and female in half, with permission number of 01-3003 , were provided by the Experimental Animal Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. SSTF was provided by the phytochemical laboratory of Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College; Niuhuangjiangya pian was produced by Shiyitang Pharmaceutical Factory, Hayao Company (batch number:9802304).METHODS: The experiment was conducted in Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College from January to October 1999. The rats were raised in the environment of (22±1) ℃, with relative humidity of 50%-55%, of daylight and darkness for 12 hours for each. ①In the experiment 1, we studied the effect of SSTF on the blood pressure of normal rats. Totally 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into SSTF group of 100 mg/kg (n=10, 100 mg/kg SSTF), SSTF group of 50 mg/kg (n=10, 50 mg/kg SSTF), and normal saline control group (n=10, 0.5 mL /100 g normal saline). Before being administrated, rats were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium. Blood pressure was recorded by MecLab/4e four-channel physiologic instrument. Then intragastric administration of SSTF and normal saline were performed on the rats in SSTF groups and normal saline control group respectively. Thirty minutes later, the changes of blood pressure of rats in each group were observed successively. ②In the experiment 2, we studied the effect of SSTF on the blood pressure of model rats with hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis. The rest 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into SSTF group of high dosage, SSTF group of low dosage, normal saline control group, Niuhuangjiangya pian group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in each group were created into rat models with hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis according to methods from the literatures. Two weeks after operation, intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg SSTF, 50 mg/kg SSTF, 0.5 mL/100 g normal saline and 1 200 mg/kg Niuhuangjiangya pian were daily performed on the rats in four groups respectively for one month successively. Carotid blood pressure of rats in all groups was measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The effect of SSTF on the blood pressure of normal rats. ②The effect of SSTF on the blood pressure of model rats with hypertension induced by arteria renalis stenosis.RESULTS: ① Effect of SSTF on the blood pressure of normal rats: Blood pressure of SSTF group of 50 mg/kg and SSTF group of 100 mg/kg presented a little decrease compared with before administration. There was no significant difference when compared with normal saline control group (P ＞ 0.05). ②Effeet of SSTF on the blood pressure of model rats with hypertension induced by arteria renalis stenosis: Blood pressure of rats with hypertension in normal saline control group was significantly increased after modeling; Blood pressure of rats with hypertension in SSTF group of 50 mg/kg , SSTF group of 100 mg/kg and Niuhuangjiangya pian group was significantly lower than that in the normal saline control group, especially significantly in SSTF group of 100 mg/kg [(126.3±14.5),(120.2±15.9),(127.8 ±23.4 ) ,(139.6±15.8) mm Hg; P ＜ 0.05-0.01].CONCLUSION: SSTF has the significant hypotensive effect on model rats with hypertension; it does not have obvious effect on normal rats.

BACKGROUND: Yishen jiangu granule is one of sheer traditional Chinese drugs, which has good effect of tonifying kidney, strengthening bone, reinforcing the spleen, nourishing qi and improving the body condition, mainly used to prevent the lassitude, rickets, osteomalacia and calcium-deficiency induced by kidney-deficiency.OBJECTIVE: To observe the preventive effect of yishen jiangu granule on the reproductive organs, physical strength as well as the ability of stress, and compare with the effect of longmu zhuanggu preparation which was characterized by invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, and tonifying kidney and replenishing essence.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled design.SETTING: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical CollegeMATERIALS: A total of 180 Kunming mice, weighing 25-30 g, of half gender, of clean grade, were selected in this study. Longmu zhuanggu granule, which was composed of root of tangshen, tuckahoe, rhizome of lagehead atractylodes, huai yam, astragalus root, schisandra fruit, keel,oyster shell, tortoise plastron, dwarf lilyturf, Chinese date, licorice root,vitamin D, etc., was provided by Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory (batch number: 960618). Yishen jiangu granule, which was composed of 6 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine such as dark plum, Chinese wolfberry, oyster shell, etc., was manufactured by Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chengde Medical College (batch number: 950510).Hydrocortisone injection was produced by Bohai Pharmaceutical Factory of Tangshan city (batch number: 940303).METHODS: The experiment was completed in Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College from January to October 1997. ① A total of 180 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 30 in each group: normal group (5.0 mL/kg saline, muscle injection); model group (25 mg/kg hydrocortisone for the mice model with kidney-yang deficiency, muscle injection); longmu zhuanggu granule group (5.0 g/kg longmu zhuanggu granule, and 25 mg/kg hydrocortisone); three groups of yishen jiangu granule at different dosages (perfused respectively with yishenjiangu granule at the dosages of 1.25 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg and 5.0 g/kg;meanwhile, 25 mg/kg hydrocortisone, muscle injection). The mice were administered successively for 14 days. ② In 12 hours after giving the last medicine, each group was divided into 3 parts to go on with the following 3 sub-experiments: Firstly, the spermary and uterus of mice were taken out to determine their weight, then calculate the indexes (mass of uterus/body mass of mice); secondly, the mice were put into the water [water depth:30 cm, water temperature: (20±0.5) ℃], burden of tail of mice was weighed 10% of the body mass, then timed immediately, when the mice could not immerge from the water after their heads sank into the water for 10 seconds.It showed that they were exhausted (the time was regarded as the swimming time of mice); thirdly, 10 g sodalime was added into each bottle with wide neck whose volume was 150 mL, then one mouse was put into each of them,covered them and timed immediately. The breath of the mice was observed until they stopped breathing, then timing was over. This was the bearing time of mice on anoxia under normal pressure. ③ Difference of statistical significance between groups was determined by t-test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mass indexes of reproductive organs, swimming time and the bearing time on anoxia under normal pressure of the mice in all groups.RESULTS: A total of 180 mice were all involved in result analysis. ① The mass indexes of spermary in mice in normal group, longmu zhuanggu granule group and yishen jiangu groups at high and middle dosages were significantly higher than those in model group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01); the mass indexes of uterus in mice in normal group, longmu zhuanggu granule group and yishenjiangu groups at high dosage were significantly higher than those in model group (P ＜ 0.01). ② The swimming time of the mice in model group was significantly shorter than that in the other 5 groups (P ＜ 0.01). ③The bearing time on anoxia under normal pressure of the mice in model group were significantly shorter than that in the other 5 groups (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Yishen jiangu granule has the remarkable effect on kidney-tonifying. It can remarkably relieve the reproductive organ atrophy of the mice with kidney-yang deficiency, has remarkable effect on antifatigue, and also can increase the ability of stress.

This study was aimed to establish an Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array (UFLC-PDA) method for the simultaneous determination of five chemical components, which included chlorogenic acid, loganin, sweroside, evodia rutaecarpa glycosides and triplostoside A, in Pterocephalus hookeri h eck. Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 (100 mm í 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution in gradient elution as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. And the injection volume was 0.4 μL. The detection wavelength was set up at 237 nm and 325 nm. And the column temperature was 30℃. The results showed that the calibration curve was linear within the range of 8.72~218.0, 1.52~38.0, 2.44~61.0, 29.36~734.0, 3.00~75.0μg·mL-1 (r > 0.999 6, n=9) for chlorogenic acid, loganin, sweroside, evodia rutaecarpa glycosides and triplostoside A, respectively. The average recovery rates were 99.46%, 99.41%, 100.14%, 98.89%, and 99.42%, respectively. The RSD was 0.69%, 0.66%, 0.60%, 1.21%, and 0.64%, respectively (n = 9). It was concluded that this method was simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of the content of five chemical components in P. hookeri.

Objective This article was designed to observe the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on glucose and lipid metabolism, and on expressions of proxisome proliferator activated receptors-α (PPAR-α) and its downstream genes in diabetic hamsters cardiomyopathy. Methods Forty-five hamsters were divided into 3 groups randomly: normal control group (15 normal hamsters), diabetic control group [15 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic hamsters], and astragalus polysaccharides (APS)-therapy group (15 STZ-induced diabetic hamsters administered with APS 2 g/kg per day orally for 10 weeks). The levels of insulin, C-peptide, myocardial enzymes, glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and lipoprotein of all hamsters were measured. The ultrastructure of myocardium was studied, and the gene and protein expressions of PPAR-α, FATP and ACS were also detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results It was shown that Compared with DM group, the levels of GSP, myocardial enzymes and lipoprotein of hamsters in APS-therapy group were lower, the myocardial ultrastructure of hamsters in APS-therapy group was well-protected, and the gene and protein expression of PPAR-α, FATP and ACS of hamsters in APS-therapy group were higher. Conclusions APS is partly effective in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND:The Scutellaria baicalensis is a traditional Chinese herb frequently used. Only its root is used, and its stem and leaf are abandoned in traditional custom. Inorder to make full use of medicinal material resource, the chemical component and pharmacological effects of the stem and leaf have been studied. OBJECTIVE: To observe the preventive effect of total flavones from stem and leaf of scutellaria baicalensis on experimental hyperlipidemia in rats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College from March 1999 to January 2000. Totally 60 male Wistar rats with beginning body mass(200±10)g were provided by Experimental Animal Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (Qualification No.01-3008). INTERVENTIONS: Sixty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group, high-lipid model group, the groups of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg of total flavonoids (TF group) and clofibrate group (25 mg/kg),with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the normal control group were fed with basic feed. The rats in the high-lipid model group were fed with highlipid feed.Rats in the TF group and clofibrate group were fed synchronously with high-lipid feed and total flavonoids or clofibrate for consecutive 30 days. The change of blood lipid was observed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in the serum of all the rats were measured with CL-7200 type automatic biochemistry analytical instrument at the end of the experiment, and the atherosclerosis indexes (AI) were calculated (AI=TC-HDL-C/HDL-C).RESULTS: Totally 60 rats entered the result analysis. ① Level of TC in the serum of rats: The level in the high-lipid model group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group[(5.01 ±1.05,2.33±0.35)mmol/L, (P ＜ 0.01 )]; The level in the groups of 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TF was (4.15±1.12, 3.03±0.31,2.98±0.56)mmol/L, there was no significant difference between group of 12.5 mg/kg of TF and model group (t=1.74, P ＞ 0.05), but there was significant difference between groups of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TF and model group (t=5.66-5.23, P ＜ 0.01). ②Level of TG in the serum of rats: The level in the groups of 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TF was (1.22±0.56)mmol/L,(1.56±0.41)mmol/L,(1.24 ±0.45)mmol/L respectively, compared with model group(2.14±0.74) mmol/L, there was significant difference (t =2.19-3.45, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ③ LDL-C level of the serum in the rats: The level in the groups of 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TF was (2.67 ±0.45) mmol/L, (1.41 ±0.23)mmol/L, (1.29±0.23) mmol/Lrespcrtively,compared with model group[(3.94±0.42)mmol/L, there was significant difference (t=5.77-12.71, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ④ HDL-C level of the serum in the rats: the level in the groups of 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TF was (0.72±0.23)mmol/L,( 0.91±0.32)mmoL/L,(1.05±0.23)mmoL/L respectively, there was no significant difference between group of 12.5 mg/kg of TF and model group[(0.56±0.21)mmol/L, but there was significant difference between groups of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TF and model group (t=2.92-4.38,0.05 ,P ＜ 0.05-0.01).⑤AI: the level in the groups of 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of TF was(2.96 ±1.35), (2.10±0.97), (1.55±0.41)respectively, compared with model group (4.23±0.65) , there was significant difference (t =3.54-9.49 ,P ＜ 0.01). CONCLUSION: TF has significantly inhibitory effect on the increase of TC, TG and LDL-C in the serum of the rats induced by high-lipid feed; it can also increase the level of HDL-C, indicating TF has obviously preventive effect on experimental hyperlipidemia in rats.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of frozen-thawed murine islets which were transplanted into diabetic rats after cultured with hyperbaric oxygenated rotary cell culture system (HORCCS). Methods The purified rat islets were divided into two groups: A. In vitro experiment groups (IvEG) : The rat islets in each subgroup were cultured in HORCCS or common medium for 30 days, then evaluated for the intracellular DNA and insulin contents of islets, and the viability and insulin secreting level of islets. B. Islet transplantation experimental groups (TxEG) : The frozen-thawed islets were cultured in HORCCS or common medium for 7 days, and then transplanted into the recipients. We observed the blood glucose level (BGL) and insulin secreting level in the recipients as well as the uhrastructure change of islets in TxEG. Results The viability and insulin secreting level of islets cultured with HORCCS at 14th day were much higher than those cultured with common medium (P <0.05). The blood glucose level in recipients transplanted with islets cultured with HORCCS recovered to normal value at the 2nd week and lasted for 8 weeks. All these recipients maintained the normal glucose tolerance curve. Electronic microscopy found microchannel outlets on the surface of the frozen-thawed islets cultured with HORCCS. Conclusions Frozen-thawed islets cultured with HORCCS could establish nutrient transmission microchannels, which were not only capable of oxygen and nutrients transmission, but also improving cryopreservation solution to diffuse inside the islet cells evenly and uniformly. So this method not only lessens islet damage from cryopreservation, but also improves the effect of transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb on intestinal flora of DSS-induced colitis in mice. Methods Fifty healthy male BALB/c mice (SPF level), were randomly assigned into five groups: the control group( group A), the UC model group( group B), TLR2McAb intervention group( group C), TLR4McAb intervention group( group D) and TLR2McAb + TLR4McAb intervention group(group E). Clinical symptoms were evaluated by the disease activity index(DAI), while tissue sam ples were evaluated by histological scoring(HS). The quantities of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were determined by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, fecal samples were obtained directly from the cecum for microbiological studies. Results After the treatment with TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb, DAI and HS were decreased significantly. Compared with group A, inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in group B were higher. Compared with group B, expression of these three cytokines in group C to E was all markedly decreased. Group A showed a considerable predominance of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp,while the UC model group showed a conspicuous increase of Escherichia coli and decreases of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. After treatment with TLR2McAb or/and TLR4McAb, Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp increased to the normal level. But counts of E. Coli in the three intervention groups were not changed. Conclusion TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb suppressed the development of DSS-induced colitis and increase cecum counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of shuanbiling on mesenteric microcirculation in rat.METHODS:Changes of blood flow velocity,blood flow states and blood vessel diameter of mesentery were observed by microvideo frame to frame30minutes after iv of shuanbiling45,90,180IU/kg respectly.RESULTS:Low,mid,high doses of shuanbiling groups significantly increased the blood flow velocity,which increased by24.25%,26.34%,and25.88%respectively in;The blood vessel diame-ters increased by21.37%,27.13%,and28.80%respectively for arterioles;and6.70%,9.31%,12.95%for venules.Blood flow states were also improved significantly.CONCLUSION:Shuanbiling could improve the mesenteric microcirculation in rat.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effects of whole-procedure seamless nursing intervention during regional collaborative treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods Nursing intervention was performed on pre-hospital collaboration,transfer collaboration and catheter room collaboration during regional collaborative treatment of patients with ACS.Treatment time point,therapeutic effects and major hospitalization indicators were compared before(the control group) and after(the experimental group) implementation of nursing intervention.Results There were significant differences in mean FMC-to-B time,D-to-B time,referral time,obtaining informed consent time,mortality,LVEF and LVED between two groups(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in days of hospitalization,expenditures,percentage of consumables,percentage of medication,and in-hospital mortality between two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Whole-procedure nursing intervention can reduce time of regional collaborative treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome,improve prognosis,decrease financial burden and increase efficiency of ACS treatment.