Objective To observe the difference between the bone marrow and peripheral blood engraftment evidence after allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation(Allo-HSCT) using PCR-STR. Methods DNA from peripheral blood or bone marrow of donors and recipients in different phases were extracted,and 16 STR loci with high polymorphism were amplified by PCR.Separation of the PCR products and fluorescence detection were performed by ABIprism 3100 Genetic Analyzer with capillary electrophoresis.Results The 16 patients included in the study had different levels of engraftment.Twelve patients displayed complete chimerism,while 5 patients showed mixed chimerism.One patient was keeping continuance of remission.The decrease of donor DNA amounts in mixed chimerism was earlier in bone marrow than that in peripheral blood(P

Objective To investigate the allelic polymorphism of Human Leukocyte Antigen(HLA)-DRB1*04 in Southern and Northern Chinese Han populations.Method A total of 104 and 168 samples of HLA-DRB1*04 alleles from Southern and Northern Chinese Han populations respectively were genotyped at high-resolution by PCR-SBT,and then the DRB1*0406/0449 ambiguous allele pairs were identified via high-resolution PCR-SSP.The allelic distribution of DRB1*04 in Southern and Northern Chinese Han populations were compared with other different populations by chi-square test.Results All 56 ambiguous allelic pairs of DRB1*0406/0449 were identified as DRB1*0406.A total of 5 alleles were observed in Southern Chinese Han population and the most frequent alleles were DRB1*0405(47.32%),DRB1*0406(24.24%)and DRB1*0403(16.35%).There were 10 alleles tested in Northern Chinese Han population,and the major alleles were DRB1*0405(40.48%),DRB1*0406(18.45%) and DRB1*0403(17.26%).The overall distribution of DRB1*04 alleles in Southern and Northern Chinese Han differed significantly from that of the Caucasian,African American,Hispanics,and Asian and Pacific Islanders,but not from the Korean.Conclusions The overall distribution of HLA-DRB1*04 alleles differed significantly between Southern and Northern Chinese Han populations,but the major alleles DRB1*0405,DRB1*0406 and DRB1*0403 showed the same distribute characteristic.The distribution of DRB1*04 alleles in different populations has their own characteristics.

Objective To establish eight human platelet antigen systems and HLA-Ⅰ antigen donor bank,and to determine the gene frequencies of human platelet antigen(HPA) and HLA-Ⅰin Guangzhou area.Methods A total of 805 blood samples from Chinese Han voluntary platelet donors were included in this study.PCR-SSP was used to detect single-nucleotide polymorphism in HPA systems.Luminex-SSO was used to detect the HLA-Ⅰantigens.Results The distribution of HPA 1,2,3,4,5,6,9,15 was in Hardy-Weiberg equilibrium among study subjects.Allele frequencies of 0.998 and 0.002 were observed for HPA 1a and 1b,0.952 and 0.048 for HPA 2a and 2b,0.553 and 0.447 for HPA 3a and 3b,0.999 and 0.001 for HPA 4a and 4b,0.976 and 0.024 for HPA 5a and 5b,0.982 and 0.018 for HPA 6a and 6b,1 and 0 for HPA 9a and 9b,0.518 and 0.481 for HPA 15a and 15b.The high frequency HLA-Ⅰ alleles were A*02,0.286;A*24,0.162;A*11,0.323;B*46,0.147;B*75,0.100;C*01,0.177;C*03,0.289;C*07,0.179.Conclusions This study confirmed the ethnic and territorial difference of HPA and HLA-Ⅰ.The establishment of HPA and HLA-Ⅰ matched plateletpheresis donor registry is helpful in the improvement in platelet transfusion.

Proper use of biochemical software is helpful for medial post-graduate students to establish scientific thinking behavior during research and to improve their creative capability.Exploration on curriculum of biomedical software application was made based on course objective and content,modern teaching methods and practical assessment methods.Results showed that this training course can enhance the students' understanding and practical skill of related software,which is fundamental for further research work.

Objective To study the impact of vaginal mesh exposure on quality of life in patients undergoing transvaginal reconstructive pelvic surgery (RPS) with polypropylene mesh.Methods From May 2004 to March 2011,114 patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse(POP) undergoing transvaginal RPS with polypropylene mesh were enrolled in this study,which were divided into exposure and non-exposure group according to appearing vaginal mesh exposure at 2 months,6 months and 1 year after operation.At the same time,pelvic floor distress inventory short form 20 ( PFD1-20 ) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire short form 7 ( PFIQ-7 ) were completed in those patients.Results At 2 months after operation,96 patients were followed up,including 19 patients in exposure group and 77 patients in non-exposure group,and the rate of exposure was 19.8c (19/96); At 6 months after operation,85 patients were followed up,including 13 patients in exposure group and 72 patients in non-exposure group,and the rate of exposure was 15.3％( 13/85 ) ; At 1 vear after operation,77 patients were followed up,including 6 patients in exposure group and 71 patients in non-exposure group,and the rate of exposure was 7.8％ (6/77).Mean score of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 in exposure group before operation was 39.6 and 57.1,which was statistically improved to 8.3 and 9.5 at 2 months after operation,8.3 and 9.5 at 6 months after operation,2.1 and 0 in I year after operation (P ＜0.01 ). Mean score of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 of non-exposure group before operation was 54.2 and 66.7,which was improved to 8.3 and 4.8 at 2 months after operation,0 at 6 months and 1 vear after operation,but there was no significant difference in mean score of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Vaginal mesh exposure was common after transvaginal RPS with polypropylene mesh,however,most of them were moderate,and there was no significant impact on patients'qualifies of life.

Objective To analysis influence of perioperative function rehabilitation training combined with drug treatment on uri-nary incontinence recovery after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy .Methods The clinical data of 31 cases of incontinence after lap-aroscopic radical prostatectomy were retrospectively analyzed .Early functional rehabilitation training ,drugs and mental guidance were applied to the patients .Results 31 out of 91 cases who receiving the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy immediately suffered from urinary incontinence when removing catheter .9 cases rehabilitated after 7 days ,12 cases rehabilitated after 1 months ,and 29 cases rehabilitated after 6 months .Conclusion Urinary incontinence occurs more in the early laparoscopic radical surgery ,perioper-ative function rehabilitation training combined with drug treatment could effectively improve the function of patients with urinary continence .

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) complicated with venous thromboembolism (VTE).Methods Medical records of patients with PM/DM at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan 2000 to Oct 2014 were reviewed to identify VTE.The comparisons of various categorical clinical manifestations between groups were evaluated using t-test and x2 test.Results Twenty-three PM/DM patients developed VTE,which accounted for 1.86％ of the 1 235 PM/DM patients hospitalized during the same period.Among these 23 patients (18 female and 5 male),5 patients had PM and 18 patients had DM.With respect to the occurrence of VTE,no significant difference was found between DM and PM or between male and female.Their age was (57±7) years (range:47-71 years old),significantly older than patients without thrombosis [(47±13) years,t=-3.191,P=0.001].Twenty-one patients (75％,21/28) developed VTE in the first year after the diagnosis of PM/DM.The incidence rate ratios (IRR) for DVT in PM/DM were 1.46％ (18/1 235) and for PTE was 0.73％ (9/1 235),in which 4 cases complicated with lower extremity DVT.Most patients exhibited active disease and high levels of D-Dimer during the emergence of VTE.Conclusion Patients with PM/DM have an increased risk of VTE,especially in older patients and at the early stage after the diagnosis of PM/DM,indicating that more attention should be paid to these patients in the clinic.

Objective To investigate the preoperative management and the clinical effeciency of Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty in adult patients with inguinal incarcerated hernia.Methods Clinical data of 86 patients with inguinal incarcerated hernia were analyzed retrospectively.Hernia was repaired with Lichtenstein tension free after reposition.Results There were 59 male patients and 27 female patients with median age of (63 ± 18) years.There were 8 patients with liver cirrhosis.The operation was performed successfully in all patients.Segmental bowel resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 38 emergency cases.Operative time was 20-120 min,with an average time of 54 min.The postoperative hospitalization was 5-17 d,with an average of 8 d.There were 7 cases of skin ecchymosis at the scrotum,there were no intestinal perforation,hepatic encephalopathy and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after operation.In early series of 24 cases without drainage tube left in place,there were 10 cases of fat liquefaction,10 cases of hydrops of hernial sac,6 cases of seroma and 3 cases of wound infection after operation.After 12 to 48 months of follow-up,there was no mortality after 2 years,no hernia recurrence.Conclusions Tension free repair in the treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia is safe and feasible.

Objective:To explore the prognosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in flood survivors 13 years after they had been diagnosed with PTSD symptoms,and investigate the relationship between their personality traits and the prognosis of PTSD.Method:In this cross-sectional study,the survivors of Dongting Lake flood in 1998-1999 in Hunan in China,who were investigated and screened as PTSD symptoms positive in 2000 were selected as the target population,from which a sample of 200subjects was drawn using amulti-stage random sampling method.The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to examine and re-screen the participants of PTSD symptoms in order to explore the prognosis of PTSD.Participants whose PCL-C scores were equal to 44 or higher were classified as the PTSD symptoms positive group,while those with PCL-C scores less than 44 were classified as the recovered group.Personality traits were then assessed,using the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC),in both the recovered group and the PTSD symptoms positive group.Finally,the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the prognosis of PTSD and personality traits.Results:Totally 200 subjects were eligible for this study and completed the questionnaires,but 16 of them had their questionnaires excluded from data analysis because they provided incomplete information.Thus,the response rate was 92.0％.According to the PCL-C's cut-off score,22 participants were still screened as PTSD symptoms positive and were classified as the PTSD symptoms positive group,whereas the other 162 participants were screened as PTSD symptoms negative and were classified as the recovered group.Compared with the recovered group,the EPQ-RSC extroversion scores for the PTSD symptoms positive group were significantly lower [(51.8 ± 10.7) vs.(45.1 ± 13.2),P ＜ 0.05] and their neuroticism scores were significantly higher [(46.5 ± 10.1) vs.(58.3 ± 12.2),P ＜ 0.05].The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed,after adjusting for the variables such as gender and age,that higher neuroticism (OR ＝ 3.63,95％ CI:1.05 -12.54) was a risk factor for the persistent PTSD symptoms in the flood survivors.Conclusions:It suggests that neuroticism is associated with prognosis of PTSD in flood survivors,those with higher neuroticism scores appear to have problems to recover from PTSD.

BACKGROUND: The spinal instability would accelerate the degeneration of normal disk. The injuries of anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and intervertebral disk were usually caused by cervical trauma, which leaded to spinal instability. Currently, there were few animal researches about the degeneration of injured intervertebral disk affected by ALL destruction.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the degeneration of injured intervertebral disk after spinal instability in the rabbit model of different degrees of ALL and disc destruction.METHODS: A total of 24 New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into intervertebral disk injury group (Group A, n=6), partial injury of ALL with disc injury group (Group B, n=6), injury of bony attachment point of ALL with disc injury group (Group C, n=6) and entirely injury of ALL with disc injury group (Group D, n=6). The L2-L3 intervertebral disk and ALL were injured through abdominal cavity. Different groups received different treatments. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the injured disc were performed at the postoperative 4 and 8 weeks, and the middle high of injured discs was calculated on CT sagittal reconstruction. Three rabbits were selected from each group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of injured disc was performed after the animals were killed. Results were examined under the light microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At postoperative 4 weeks, the middle height of injured discs in Group D was decreased significantly compared with Group A (P < 0.05). There were hyperosteogeny and calcification in Group C and Group D. There were nucleus pulposus cells reduction and inflammatory reaction in Group C and Group D on histological staining. (2) At postoperative 8 weeks, the middle height of injured discs respective was decreased significantly compared with Group A (P < 0.05). The hyperosteogeny and calcification became clearer in Group C and Group D than before. There were morphologic changes of nucleus pulposus cells and fibrillation by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the degree of disc degeneration was Group D > Group C > Group B > Group A. (3) In conclusion, the injury of ALL would accelerate the degeneration of correspondingly injured disk, and the degree of injury of ALL was positively correlated with the degeneration of disk.