OBJECTIVE:To establish the methods for content determination of lead and cadmium in Achyranthes bidentata from different habitats.METHODS:Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was applied.RESULTS:There were a good linear relationship between the concentration and absorbance of lead and cadmium.The linear range of lead were 0～80.00 ?g?L-1(r=0.999 6) with recovery of 95%～101%(RSD ranged from 0% to 5.00%,n=10).The linear range of cadmium were 0～7.000 ?g?L-1(r=0.998 2) with recovery of 98%～103%(RSD ranged from 1.00% to 5.00%,n=10).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate,convenient and sensitive and the results are satisfactory.

Objective: To establish the determination of imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Tongketing Capsule (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Pheretima, etc.) by HPLC. Methods: The determination was carried out by HPLC. The mobile phase was acetonitrile water (60∶40) and UV detection wavelength was set at 245nm . The flow rate was 1.0mL?min -1 . The column temperature was 40℃ . Results: There were the good linear relationship between the absorption area value and the concentration in the range of 65?g～325?g for imperatorin and in the range of 50?g～250?g for isoimperatorin, respectively. The average recoveries were 98.3% ( RSD = 1.73% ) and 98.7% ( RSD = 1.65% ), respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and can be used to determine imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Tongketing Capsule.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the cognition of clinical pharmacists on the clinical pharmacy practice and their profes-sion,and provide reference for further developing clinical pharmacy practice. METHODS:A questionnaire was designed,and ran-dom sample was conducted for the clinical pharmacists from 30 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai,and the investigation results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Totally 130 questionnaires were sent out,and 102 were effectively received with valid response rate of 78.46%. 94.11% of the investigated subjects were willing to be a clinical pharmacist,but 17.65% of them consid-ered that they were incompetent for their work;29.41% of them thought the current situation of clinical pharmacy practice was not ideal;all the respondents considered that the clinical pharmacist system should be implemented in medical and health institu-tions;the cognition and evaluation of investigated subjects in tertiary hospitals on clinical pharmacy practice and their profession was generally higher than those in secondary hospitals(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The clinical pharmacists in medical and health institutions in Shanghai showed high cognition on their profession,and the clinical pharmacy practice has already made some achievements,but many work still need to be improved. Therefore,clinical pharmacists should continuously study their profession-al knowledge and improve their professional skills and quality;hospitals and universities should strengthen the subject construction and personnel training of clinical pharmacy and deeply carry out the clinical pharmacist system;health administration departments should strengthen the related laws and regulations of clinical pharmacy;colleges and universities should strengthen the discipline construction and personnel training.

Objective To study the optimum inclusion process for volatile oil from Tongketing capsules. Methods The study was carried out with orthogonal test at different levels. The utilization ratio of volatile oil was used as the index to optimize the inclusion process. Results The optimum preparation conditions for inclusion were: oil: ?-cyclodextrin: water was 1: 4: 40 (V: V: V). The inclusion time was 10rain and inclusion complexes was dried at 70℃. Conclusion This optimized process is simple, efficient and can be used for the production of Tongketing Capsule on a large scale.

AIM: To establish the determination of baicalin and wogonin in Chantui Zhike Granules (Periostracum Cicadae, Radix Scutellariae, etc.) by HPLC. METHODS: The determination was carried out by HPLC. The mobile phase was acetonitrile 0.6% phosphoric acid(45∶55) and UV detection wavelength was set at 275nm. The flow rate was 1.0mL?min -1 . The column temperature was at 40 ?C . RESULTS: The contents of baicalin and wogonin in Chantui Zhike Granules could be determined by HPLC. There was a good linearity between the absorption peak area and the concentration in the range of 0.104?g～0.52?g for baicalin and in the range of 0.03?g～0.15?g for wogonin, respectively. The average recoveries were 100.69%( RSD =1.75%) and 98.8%( RSD =1.01%) respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and can be used to determine the contents of baicalin and wogonin in Chantui Zhike Granules.

Objective:To regulate operation requirement for electric instrument using in surgery and eliminate hidden danger so as to ensure their safety in using.Methods: Through discussed the regulation of operative process for electric instrument using in surgery to develop a insulation detector which can adapt the particular case of hospital, and then to carry out relevant management for this kind of electric instrument.Results: The simplest insulation monitoring method got best reliable data, and it provide accuracy basis for clinical electric instrument. Therefore, it ensured the safety of clinical application of electric instrument.Conclusion: The special insulation monitor detects electric instrument in surgery has series of merits including low investment, fast detection and reliable performance, it not only can ensure the safety of surgery but also can provide traceable basis for preventing relevant medical dispute.

Objective To learn birth weight of newborn babies and its influencing factors to provide evidence for maternal healthcare.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted among 5 055 newborn babies from January 2007 to December 2007 to learn their birth weight,gender,pregnant week,maternal age,parity and living areas.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore factors that influenced birth weight.Results For those 5 055 infants,the average birth weight was (3128±675) g,and the incidence of low birth weight or fetal macrosomia was 14.6％ and 8.2％,respectively.In single factor Chi-square test,living area,pregnant week and maternal age were factors that influenced low birth weight and fetal macrosomia (x2 values were 223.807 and 34.120; 2 211.570 and 68.941; 92.199 and 18.745,respectively).Moreover,parity was related with the occurrence of low birth weight (x2=54.822),and gender was found to affect fetal macrosomia (x2=34.503,both P＜0.05).In Logistic regression analysis,preterm birth (odds ratio (OR)=37.140,95％ confidence interval (CI):30.094-45.853),rural residents (OR=0.390,95％ CI:0.310-0.492) and maternal age (OR=0.864,95％ CI:0.779-0.959) were risk factors of low birth weight,and baby boy (OR=0.524,95％ CI:0.423-0.650),urban residents (OR=0.616,95％ CI:0.501-0.758),postterm delivery (OR=4.175,95％ CI:2.918-5.974) and advanced maternal age (OR=1.229,95％ CI:1.104-1.368) were risk factors of fetal macrosomia.Conclusion This investigation suggests a relatively lower average birth weight and higher incidence of fetal macrosomia and low birth weight infant in Changzhi of Shanxi Province.Health interventions,maternal healthcare service programme and pre-and post-natal health education should be carried out to achieve normal birth weight.

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on the postoperative immune function of effective T-lymphocytes (Teff cells) and regulatory T-lymphocytes (Treg cells) in the peripheral blood in patients undergoing laparoscopic operation.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 20-40 yr,weighing 45-65 kg,scheduled for elective laparoscopic operation for infertility,were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups using a random number table:control group (group C) and ulinastatin group (group U).At 15 min before induction of anesthesia,ulinastatin 200,000 U (in 100 ml of normal saline) was infused intravenously in group U,while the equal volume of normal saline was infused instead in group C.Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of fentanyl,propofol,and cisatracurium and maintained with iv infusion of propofol and sevoflurane.Before surgery (T0),at the end of surgery (T1) and on 1st and 3rd days after surgery (T2.3),venous blood samples were collected from the peripheral blood for determination of the expression of Teff cells (CD4 + CD25-) and Treg cells (CD4 + CD25+) and serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) concentrations (by ILISA).Teff/Treg and IFN-γ/TGF-β ratios were calculated.Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,the expression of Treg cells was significantly up-regulated,and Teff/Treg ratio was decreased at T2 and T3 in group C,and the expression of Teff cells was up-regulated at T3 (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),while no significant difference was found in the expression of Treg cells and Teff/Treg ratio at T3 in group U (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group C,the expression of Teff cells was significantly up-regulated at T3,the expression of Treg cells was down-regulated and Teff/Treg ratio was increased at T2 and T3,the concentration of serum TGF-β was decreased and IFN-γ/TGF-β ratio was increased at T2 and T3 in group U (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).No significant changes were found in the serum IFN-γ and TGF-β concentrations and IFN-γ/TGF-β ratio at each time point in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin can enhance the immune function of Teff cells in the peripheral blood and decrease the immune function of Treg cells,thus maintaining the balance of the postoperative cellular immune function in patients undergoing laparoscopic operation.

Objective To analize the clinical features of patients with hemophagocytic syndrome (HI'S). Methods The underlying diseases, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, responses to therapy as well as their outcomes of 45 patients with HPS were analyzed retrospectively. Results The underlying diseases included virus infection (n = 9) , tuberculosis (n =2), rheumatic fever (n =4) , malignancies (n =22) , unknown diseases (n =8). HPS was clinically characterized by high fever(93. 3% ) , hepatomegaly (77. 8% ) , splenomegaly(80% ) , lymphadenopathy (55. 6% ) , skin rash(24.4% ), gastrointestinal hemorrhage(22. 2% ) , renal (35. 6% ) and central nervous systern involvement( 15. 6% ) , five patients presented with disseminated intravascular coagulation( DIC) (11. 1% ). Laboratory data mainly manifested with cytopenia ( 100% ) , liver dysfunction ( 77. 8% ) , hypofibrinogenemia (62. 8% ), hypertriglyceridemia (71. 1% ) , serum ferritin >500 p,g/L(87. 5% ) , low NK-cell activity(92. 9% ) and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow (100% ). Based on treating underlying diseases and use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents in combination with intravenous immunoglobulins(IVIG) therapy, 14 patients recovered , 19 patients died in the hospital, and other 12 cases give up treatment be cause of exacerbation of the disease.Conclusion There are various underlying diseases and clinical manifestations for HPS. HPS is always extremely dangerous with high mortality. Treatment of underlying diseases, corticosteroids, immunodepressant and IVIG may improve the prognosis of HPS.

Objective To observe the effects of soybean isoflavone (SI) on the action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle and the sodium current in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocyte.Methods The action potential of guinea pig papillary muscle was measured by glass suspension electrode and the sodium current in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocyte was measured by whole cell patch-clamp technique. Results The SI reduced the action potential amplitude (APA) and shortened the 50% and 90% of duration of action potential (APD50 and APD90). The SI 0.1μg/ml inhibited sodium current in cardiomyocyte at a inhibition rate of 14.39 %, and the corresponding data of SI 1.0μg/ml at a inhibition rate of 23.48%. Conclusions The SI can reduce the APD of myocardiocyte and has a negative inotropic action on myocardium. These results indicate that SI inhibition of the sodium current may be one of mechanisms of its antiarrhythmic action.