Immunohistochemistry was utilized to investigate the light and electron micros-copic localization of neurotensin-like (NT) immunoreactive amacrine cells in thechicken retina.The results showed that the NT-immunoreactive cell bodies wereoval and situated in either the second or third row of cells from the inner borderof the inner nuclear layer.The processes of such cells extended into the innerplexiform layer where they ramified as a fine plexus in sublamina 1 and as a denseplexus in sublamina 3 and 4.At the ultrastructural level,NT positive soma exhibited a rather dense and evenlydistributed immune reaction product throughout their cytoplasm.The nucleus ofNT-amacrine cells possessed a round,unindented nuclear membrane.NT positiveprocesses of such cells receive synaptic input from processes of unlabeled amacrineand bipolar cells.They formed synaptic output onto processes of nonimmuno-reactive amacrine cells and bipolar cells.Moreover,each of the above synapticrelationships were identified in each of sublamina 1 and 3 to 4 of the inner plexiform layer.In addition,NT positive processes fromed synaptic output to processesdevoid of synaptic vesicles,which may originated from ganglion cells.They alsoformed synaptic output to somas situated in the innermost cell row of the innernuclear layer.Identification of synaptic elements and retinal circuitry were also discussed.

The immunohistochemical single and double label techniques were used to study the localization and coexistence of immunoreaetive enkephalin (ENK) and somatostatin (SOM) in amacrine cells of the chicken retina. The single label experiments showed that certain SOM-immunoreactive amacrine cells are similar in morphology, location in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the manner of processes ramified in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) to some ENK-immunoreactive amacrine cells, although the plexus of SOM-immunoreactive processes in sublamina 3 and 4 were not as dense as ENK-immunoreactive plexus and SOM-immunoreactive processes in sublamina 5 were not observed. The double label studies indicated that some amacrine cells showed both SOM and ENK positive immunoreactivity and some other amacrine cells showed only SOM or ENK positive immunoreactivity.The coexistence of two neuropeptides or a neuropeptide and a classical neurotransrnitter in the retinal amacrine cells were also discussed.

Objective To evaluate the training effect of Public health emergencies.Methods The testing materials from the training course on public health emergencies in longgang district of Shenzhen in 2009 were analyzed.Results Of all 162 students,98.2% considered the training course was completely important,97.3% students considered the training was very necessary,after training,80% students considered the master degree of related knowledge was improved,93.8% students considered the effect of training on the role of dealing with public health emergency training was very well or average.Conclusions Emergency response training for dealing with the public health emergencies is very effective and completely necessary.

Objective To explore the significance of LDH and ?2-m concentration in CSF in differentiating viral meningitis from purulent meningitis in pediartic patients.Methods Kinetic method was performed to detect the LDH concentration in CSF in 45 patients with purulent meningitis and 49 patients with viral meningitis and 22 healthy children of control group respectively.On the other hand,radioimmunoassay(RIA)was used to detect the concentration of ?2-m.Results The concentrations of LDH in CSF in purulent meningitis group(26.15?12.17)U/L were higher than that in viral meningitis group(8.76?4.94)U/L significantly(P

Objective To learn birth weight of newborn babies and its influencing factors to provide evidence for maternal healthcare.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted among 5 055 newborn babies from January 2007 to December 2007 to learn their birth weight,gender,pregnant week,maternal age,parity and living areas.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore factors that influenced birth weight.Results For those 5 055 infants,the average birth weight was (3128±675) g,and the incidence of low birth weight or fetal macrosomia was 14.6％ and 8.2％,respectively.In single factor Chi-square test,living area,pregnant week and maternal age were factors that influenced low birth weight and fetal macrosomia (x2 values were 223.807 and 34.120; 2 211.570 and 68.941; 92.199 and 18.745,respectively).Moreover,parity was related with the occurrence of low birth weight (x2=54.822),and gender was found to affect fetal macrosomia (x2=34.503,both P＜0.05).In Logistic regression analysis,preterm birth (odds ratio (OR)=37.140,95％ confidence interval (CI):30.094-45.853),rural residents (OR=0.390,95％ CI:0.310-0.492) and maternal age (OR=0.864,95％ CI:0.779-0.959) were risk factors of low birth weight,and baby boy (OR=0.524,95％ CI:0.423-0.650),urban residents (OR=0.616,95％ CI:0.501-0.758),postterm delivery (OR=4.175,95％ CI:2.918-5.974) and advanced maternal age (OR=1.229,95％ CI:1.104-1.368) were risk factors of fetal macrosomia.Conclusion This investigation suggests a relatively lower average birth weight and higher incidence of fetal macrosomia and low birth weight infant in Changzhi of Shanxi Province.Health interventions,maternal healthcare service programme and pre-and post-natal health education should be carried out to achieve normal birth weight.

Objective To evaluate the effectiviness and safety of rituximab in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia .Meth-ods Standard doses and small doses of rituximab alone or combined therapy with other methods were used in 2 cases with immune thrombocytopenia who diagnosed and treated for the first time ,and 6 cases who diagnosed with refractory recurrent immune throm-bocytopenia .The recent curative effect ,adverse reactions were analyzed .Results The recent curative effect was well in the 2 cases who diagnosed and treated for the first time ,but 1 case recurrenced after 6 months .4 cases of effective in the 6 cases who diagnosed with refractory recurrent ,in which 1 case recurrenced after 2 years ,2 cases had no effect .All of the patients have no obvious adverse reaction in the near future .Conclusion Rituximab treatment of immune thrombocytopenic ,it is of good curative effect ,good safety and tolerability .

Objective To investigate the effects of remifentanil on lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA in rats.Methods Forty pathogen-free adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 300-350 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =8 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R and different doses of remifentanil groups (groups R1-R3).Lung I/R was produced by occlusion of the left hilum of lung for 45 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.Remifentanil was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.2,0.6 and 1.2 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 until 120 min of reperfusion after a loading dose of 1 μg/kg at 15 min before occlusion of the left hilum of lung in groups R1,R2 and R3,respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was given in groups S and I/R.The rats were scarified at 120 min of reperfusion and lungs were removed for microscopic examination and determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and the expression of ACE mRNA (by RT-PCR) in the lung tissue.The pathological changes of the lung were scored.Results Compared with group S,the pathological score and W/D ratio were significantly increased and the expression of ACE mRNA was up-regulated in groups I/R,R1 and R2,and the pathological score was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in W/D ratio and the expression of ACE mRNA in group R3 (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the pathological score and W/D ratio were significantly decreased and the expression of ACE mRNA was down-regulated in groups R2 and R3,and the pathological score and W/D ratio were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05) and no significant change was found in the expression of ACE mRNA in group R1 (P ＞0.05).Compared with group R1,the pathological score and W/D ratio were significantly decreased and the expression of ACE mRNA was down-regulated in group R3,and the pathological score and W/D ratio were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05) and no significant change was found in the expression of ACE mRNA in group R2 (P ＞ 0.05).The pathological score,W/D ratio and expression of ACE mRNA were significantly lower in groups R3 than in group R2 (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes of the lung were significantly reduced in groups R1-R3 as compared with group I/R.Conclusion Remifentanil can attenuate lung I/R injury in rats in a dose-dependent manner and down-regulation of ACE mRNA expression may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the role of soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) in Fujian province.Methods A total of 80 patients with MG and 80 sex-and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study .MG patients were divided into non-glucocorticoid treatment group and glucocorticoid treatment group , and the latter was further divided into immunosuppressive therapy group and thymusectomy group .Concentrations of sCTLA-4 in ser-ums from above mentioned groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The concentrations of sCTLA-4 in both non-glucocorticoid treatment group and glucocorticoid treatment group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (6.03 ng/ml±3.58 ng/ml, 3.44 ng/ml± 2.36 ng/ml vs.0.49 ng/ml±0.95 ng/ml) (χ2=100.67, P<0.001), but sCTLA-4 concentrations in glu-cocorticoid treatment group were lower than those in non-glucocorticoid treatment group (Z=-3.37,P=0.001).With the treatment of glucocorticoid, the sCTLA-4 concentrations were reduced (6.03 ng/ml± 3.58 ng/ml vs.4.56 ng/ml±2.08 ng/ml;t=3.10, P=0.005), and the concentrations of sCTLA-4 were also decreased after thymusectomy therapy (3.86 ng/ml±2.53 ng/ml vs.2.59 ng/ml±2.37 ng/ml; Z=-2.21, P=0.04).However, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of sCTLA-4 before and after immunosuppressive drugs treatment (Z=-1.26,P=0.21).Conclusion The concentration of sCTLA-4 was increased in patients with MG , but with the treatment of glucocorticoid or thymusectomy it could be reduced .

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Heterosmilax yunnanensis.Methods The compound was isolated and repeatedly purified with chromatography and the structure was elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.Results A new compound was isolated and identified.Conclusion This compound is a novel compound with structure of 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-xanthone-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside,mamed heterosmioside A.