Objective To research the optimal preparation technology of salinomycin micelle.Methods DSPE-PEG2000 was selected as the carrier.Salinomycin was selected as the model drug.The film dispersion method, the ethanol injection method and the dialysis method were used to prepare salinomycin micelles respectively.The comprehensive evaluation indexes included entrapment rate and drug-loading rate, release capacity and vitro cytotoxicity test in order to select the most suitable preparation technology of salinomycin micelle .Results The film dispersion method is the most suitable preparation technology of salinomycin micelle in the three methods.Its average grain diameter was (14 ±2.3) nm, entrapment rate was (82 ± 2.6)%, drug-loading rate was (6.3 ±2.1)%, IC50 to HepG2 tumor cells was 16.10 ±3.71.Conclusion The film dispersion method of salinomycin micelles has the advantages with the smallest size, the highest entrapment rate and the largest drug-loading rate, which has the function to kill tunmor cells and release slowly.

Objective To investigate the conditions of diabetes-related knowledge as well as the influencing factors in elderly people in Changchun so as to provide basis for regulation of health education policy.Method A total of 400 community elderly people in Changchun involved in the survey by questionnaire for investigating the knowledge on diabetes and the influencing factors. Results The elderly people in the community in Chuangchun knew much better about the typical symptoms,diet and treatment by 74.0%,80.8%and 75.8%,respectively,but they knew little about the causes of the disease and complications by 52.7%and 25.7%respectively.The factors influencing their acquisition of diabetes related knowledge included education level,income and disease condition.Conclusions The elderly people in the communities lack diabetic knowledge,which is unbeneficial for the prevention and control of diabetes.Therefore,it is a need to strengthen diabetes-related knowledge education in order to prevent and reduce the complications.

Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) has been a mainstay in the management of coronary artery disease since its introduction in the late 1970s.Bare-metal stents and,more recently,first-generation drug-eluting stents(DES),such as sirolimus-eluting(Cypher) and paclitaxel-eluting stents(Taxus),have further improved results of percutaneous coronary intervention by improving early results and reducing the risk of restenosis.There are currently debates on the safety of these first-generation DES,given the potential for late stent thrombosis which is a first-generation drug-eluting stent of the largest security issue,especially after discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy.Next-generation DES such as everolimus-eluting stents(Xience V) holds the promise of superior anti-restenosis efficacy as well as long-term safety.This review makes a presentation of the evidence-based clinical research according to everolimus-eluting stents(Xience Ⅴ).

Objective To study the optimum inclusion process for volatile oil from Tongketing capsules. Methods The study was carried out with orthogonal test at different levels. The utilization ratio of volatile oil was used as the index to optimize the inclusion process. Results The optimum preparation conditions for inclusion were: oil: ?-cyclodextrin: water was 1: 4: 40 (V: V: V). The inclusion time was 10rain and inclusion complexes was dried at 70℃. Conclusion This optimized process is simple, efficient and can be used for the production of Tongketing Capsule on a large scale.

To improve the inulinase application in biotechnology, the characteristic of inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus YX01 was investigated. The inu gene of K. marxianus YX01 was transformed into Pichiapastoris GS115 host cells with molecular biology techniques. Then we achieved the heterologous expression of exo-inulinase whose molecular mass was about 86.0 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Furthermore, six His-tag was added to the inulinase and a two-step method was applied in the purification of inulinase, including concentration via dialysis by polyethylene glycol 20 000 and metal Ni-NTA Agarose affinity adsorption. The purification factor of purified protein was 3.6 and the recovery rate of enzyme activity was 33.1%. We characterized the purified inulinase. The optimum temperature was 60 degrees C and pH was 4.62. When inulin and sucrose were used as substrates, the K(m) and V(max) values were 80.53 g/L vs 4.49 g/(L x min) and 183.10 g/L vs 20.20 g/(L x min), respectively. In addition, metal ions including Mn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ exhibited different degrees of inhibition on the enzyme activity, and Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ exhibited the most significant inhibition. Our findings might lay a good foundation for industrial application of inulinase.
Glycoside Hydrolases ; chemistry ; genetics ; Industrial Microbiology ; Inulin ; Kluyveromyces ; enzymology ; genetics ; Pichia ; Sucrose ; Temperature

Objective To explore the clinical outcome with anterior debridement,bone graft and posterior internal fixation with short nail of treating intervertebral infection.Methods Ninteen cases (11 male and 8 female,aged from 34 to 63,46 on average) of lumbar intervertebral space infection treated in our hospital from June 2008 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.These infections occurred at L2-L3 in 2 cases,L3-L4 in 5 cases,L4-L5 in 8 cases and L5-S1 in 4 cases.All patients had history of disc surgery or puncture.The clinical outcome after operation was analyzed according to the low back paine after operation which analyzed by visual analog scale (VAS),and the bone fusion.Erythrocyte sedimentation rata and C-reactionprotein were aslo recorded before and after surgery.Results All cases were followed up,average 24 months.The lower back pain was improved obviously between preoperation and postoperation (P ＜0.05).Also erythrocyte sedimentation rata and C-reactionprotein returned to normal after the operation and all cases had complete bone union at the end of follow-up with no instrument failure noted.Conclusion Anterior debridement,bone graft and posterior internal fixation with short nail in of treating intervertebral infection not only can effectively reconstruct the stability of the spine,but also retain range of motion segment of spine.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) for bilateral isthmic spondylolisthesis on lumbar spine in adolescents. Methods Twentyone patients with bilateral isthmic spondylolisthesis on lumbar spine who received MIS TLIF from February 2012 to April 2014 were enrolled. Fourteen male, aged from 15 to 20 years, 16.3 years on average and 7 female, aged from 14 to 20 years, 15.6 years on average. The clinical outcome after operation was analyzed according to the low back pain and leg pain after operation which analyzed by visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI). The bone fusion were also recorded after surgery by using CT scan reconstruction. Results All cases were followed up 23.7 months on average. The VAS scores of lower back pain preoperative and at the last followup was (8.4 ± 1.2) scores and (2.3 ± 0.8) scores, the scores of ODI preoperative and at the last followup was (72.6 ± 7.4) scores and (29.7 ± 5.3) scores, there were significant differences (P < 0.05). At the last followup, there was no instrument failure noted in all patients,18 patients had complete bone union, while nonfusion were 3 patients. Conclusions MIS TLIF not only have the characteristic of less invasive, but can significantly release clinical symptom and can obtain higher rate of bone union.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) augmented pedicle screw instrumentation and fusion for old osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures complicated with spinal instability. Methods The clinic data of 26 old patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures complicated with spinal instability treated from June 2011 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 5 male patients aged from 61 to 72 years and 21 female patients aged from 56 to 75 years. All patients had history of chronic low back pain. The clinical outcome after operation was analyzed according to visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI). The status of bone fusion were aslo recorded before and after surgery. Results There were no pulmonary embolism, infection, toxic reaction of PMMA, and no nerve root compression and damage occurred in patients. The operation time was (105.0 ± 20.5) min, and bleeding volume was (200 ± 55) ml. The operative incision was healed in Ⅰ stage. All patients were followed up for 12-27 months, and average was 14 months. The levels of VAS scores and ODI scores after operation and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation were significantly increased compared with those before operation (P<0.05). Conclusions PMMA augmented pedicle screw instrumentation and fusion is an effective method for old osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures complicated with spinal instability.

Two hundred and twenty five children aged 4-12 years with phimosis were treated by flexible dilatation combined with topical betamethasone cream from January 2003 to January 2015.Two hundred and eight cases (92.44％) were completely cured and penile edema and urination were returned to normal 7 d after a single operation;while,17 children received 2-3 additional flexible expansion.During follow-up of 2-24 months,221 children achieved the cure standards with an overall cure rate of 98.22％.Flexible dilatation combined with topical betamethasone cream is effective modality for phimosis in children,with less surgical trauma and low complication rate.

This study aims to observe different factors which affected the bionic enzymatic hydrolysis of icariin into baohuoside I and to optimize the reaction conditions in order to provide research foundation for building a novel bionic enzymolysis drug delivery system. To simulate the environment in vivo, 37 degrees C was set as the temperature and artificial intestinal juice and gastric juice were selected as the buffer solutions. Taking the conversion of baohuoside I as index, the effects of the kinds of enzyme, enzyme activity, substrate concentration, reaction time, pancreatin in artificial intestinal juice and surfactant on the conversion of baohuoside I were investigated. The results showed that cellulase, beta-glucosidase and snailase were all inactive in artificial gastric juice and no baohuoside I generated. Pancreatin in artificial intestinal juice couldn't significantly influence the activity of beta-glucosidase or snailase (P > 0.05), but noticeably decrease the activity of cellulase (P < 0.05). In artificial intestinal juice, the conversion of baohuoside I was highest by using beta-glucosidase, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows: enzyme activity 10 U x mL(-1), substrate concentration 1 mg x mL(-1), 3 g x L(-1) rhamnolipid and reaction time 3 h. Under this condition, the conversion of baohuoside I was 99.8%.