The resource limitation, ineffective utilization and severe waste generated during processing restrict the sustainable development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry. The main reasons lie in insufficient utilization of medicinal components as well as few and outdated technologies. Integration and optimization of serial technologies including pretreatment, extraction, conversion and waste treatment are the keys to solve these issues. In this article, the updated research progress and technology development of biorefinery engineering for herbal medicines are reviewed. Guided by multi-products oriental fractionation refining, Chinese herbal medicine refinery technical system is constructed relied on advanced refinery technology platforms.
Bioengineering ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal

Objective To evaluate the reason why patients can not continue or complete the periodontal treatment stage of maintenance.Methods To communicate well with 136 patients who were diagnosed periodontitis to know why they can not continue or complete the periodontal treatment stage of maintenance.Results How deep the patients know about the importance of the stage of maintenance is the main reason to stop them continue or complete the stage of maintenance therapy.Conclusions To communicate well with periodontal patients can make them know much about periodontitis and they can complete periodontal treatment plan better.

Objective To evaluate the result of appliance of Periocline treating acute topical type periocornitis of wisdom tooth with clinical observation examination. Methods 127 cases that were clinical diagnosed acute topical type periocornitis of wisdom tooth was randomly assigned of two groups, treatment group with Periocline after rising. The contrast group with iodoglycerin after rinsing.Results The curative effect with Periocline was obviously better than that in the contrast group. The efficacy was significantly(P

Inspect the anchorage molars with band and the anchorage molars with buccal tube with dental plaque index and gum in- dex and then statistically process the objective data obtained.The results show that both wearing band and wearing buccal tube lead to dental plaque.The influence is less worse on the the anchorage molars with buccal tube.

Obiective To study the value of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reaction protein (CRP)in the diagnosis of bacterial infection.Methods PCT and CRP in 2120 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the diagnostic capacity between two indices.Correlation between PCT and CRP was analyzed among 178 patients with bacterial infection.Results Areas under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.957 ±0.016 for PCT and 0.712 ± 0.04 for CRP.There was statistical significance of the AUC for PCT and CRP.The optimum cutoff value for PCT was 0.4 μg/L,which had a sensitivity of 90.0％ and a specificity of 90.9％.The optimum cutoff value for CRP was 2.27mg/L,which had a sensitivity of 72.0％ and a specificity of 57.3％.In the 2120 patients,there was the situation which PCT was normal (＜0.1 μg/L) when CRP was normal (＜0.8 mg/L).Conclusions In prediction of bacterial infection,CRP was not good,but PCT had high clinical value because of rapid detection,less interference and high specificity.In suspected bacterial infection patients,PCT was considered not to be detected temporarily if CRP was normal.In this way,there was the economic value which the patient's medical costs may be Controlled and medical resources be saved.Combined with its half-life,monitoring and analyzing the PCT change is valuable for efficacy determination and assessment of the patients'conditions.

Melatonin holds a wide range of biological effects, its multi-channel and multi-target impacts on reproductive sys-tem are the basis of pregnancy related rhythm, including conception, the duration of pregnancy and delivery.This paper describes the synthesis of melatonin, the characteristics of melatonin receptors distribution and melatonin′s biological property.It also illuminates the influence of melatonin rhythm on the above-mentioned courses, hoping to provide theory basis for clinical suggestions to modulate rhythm around pregnancy.

Objective To supply scientific basis for the reasonable development and utilization of Rubus multibracteatus Levl.et Vant.resources.Method The total flavonoids was extracted from Rubus multibracteatus Levl.et Vant.with 60% methanol and its content was determined by spectrophotometry.The reliability and repeatability of the method were tested through stability,repeatability,accuracy and recovery experiments.Result Both standard and tested solutions had the maximum absorbance at 510 nm.The RSD values of repeatability,accuracy and recovery experiments were 2.11%,0.97% and 2.4% respectively.The results of content determination showed that the total flavonoids in Rubus multibracteatus Levl.et Vant.was 3.8%.Conclusion Extracted with 60% methanol,colored with aluminiumnitrate and determined by spectrophotometry at 510 nm were suitable for the determination of total flavonoids in Rubus multibracteatus Levl.et Vant..

Objective To investigate factors influencing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and phenylalanine (phe) assay in dry blood spots on filter paper. Methods The influence on enzyme linked immunoassays and bacterial inhibition assay were studied so as to control their changes. Results Many influencing factors were noted in newborn screening assay. TSH results were stable if specimens were collected form newborns 72 hours after delivery. Different results were obtained when TSH was tested in different seasons. Specimens were air dried at room temperature before transportation. To reduce false positive phe result, specimens were collected from newborns 72 hours after delivery. The phe result was very stable with a plating temperature of 55 60℃ and speradical distribution of blood spots . Conclusion To assure the quality of screening the time of specimens collecting, different cut off, blood spots disposition and best condition should be controlled.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography (MRCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) in obstructive jaundice. Methods MRCP, EUS and ERCP were performed in 39 patients with obstructive jaundice. MRCP was performed by the technique of T2 weighted fast spin echo fluid imaging. EUS and ERCP were performed with conventional method. Results The over all concordance rates of MRCP, EUS and ERCP were 87.2%(34/19), 94.9%(37/39) and 97.4(38/39), respectively. In malignant common duct stricture the concordance rates of MRCP, EUS and ERCP were 61.5%(8/13), 84.6%(11/13) and 92.3%(12/13), respectively. In choledocholithiasis the concordance rates of MRCP, EUS and ERCP were 100.0%(21/21). Conclusion The non invasive examination, MRCP can be the first choice as a diagnostic method for obstructive jaundice, but it can not replace ERCP currently. As an important approach to diagnose the cholangiopancreatic disease, EUS combine with MRCP and ERCP, can improve the diagnostic accuracy in obstructive jaundice.

Objective To investigate the effects of pretreatment with different concentrations of sufentanil of ketamine on the differentiation of human helper T cells in vitro. Methods Twenty-two healthy volunteers (11 males, 11 females) aged 20-45 yrs were enrolled in this study. In each volunteer 20 ml of blood was taken from peripheral vein and divided into 7 groups: control group (0.9% NaCl), 3 sufentanil groups (0.05, 0.5, 5.0 ng?ml-1) and 3 ketamine groups (100, 500, 2 500 ng?ml-1) .Whole blood and mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMCs) were incubated in the presence of 0.9% NaCl or different concentrations of sufentanil or ketamine for 24 h. Then the stimulants-phorbolmyristate + lonomycin + glgistap (inhibitor of intracellular protein transport) were added to whole blood and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was add to PBMCs. The whole blood was incubated for another 4h and PBMCs were incubated for another 48 h. Then the T-lymphocytes were collected for determination of intracellular level of IFN-?(as a marker of Th1 cells) and IL-4 (as a marker of Th2 cells) in the whole blood using three-color flow cytometry and the expression of CCR5 + (as a marker of Th1 cells) and CCR3 + (as a marker of Th2 cells) in PBMCs. The Th1/Th2 ratio was calculated. Results In sufentanil 0.5 and 5.0 ng?ml-1 groups the percentage of Th2 cells was significantly increased while the percentage of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly decreased. In ketamine 500 and 2 500 ng?ml-1 groups the percentage of both Th1 and Th2 cells were significantly decreased and the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly increased. Conclusion Sufentanil can encourage helper cells to differentiate into Th2 cells while ketamine inhibit the helper cells to differentiate into Th1 and Th2 cells, especially the Th2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.