Objective To evaluate the X-ray signs of the ascending venography of the lower limbs.Methods The imaging findings of ascending venogaphy in 80 sides lower limb were reviewed retrospectively.Results According to the imaging findings,all patients were divided into normal groups and abnormal groups;unusual groups including simple venous valvular inadequacy 4 sides,traffic venous valvulor inadequacy 6 sides,primary deep venous valvular inadequacy 32 sides and secondary 5 sides,thrombosis 3 sides,congenital dysplasia 2 sides,phlebangioma 5 sides.Conclusion The ascending venoraphy of the lower limbs is a simple and effective method,it is valuable in diagnosis of venous disease.

AIM　To investigate the effects of ginkgolide B on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolizing enzymes and the level of intracellular calcium in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. METHODS　Intracellular free calcium was quantitated by Fura-2 fluoresence technique. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was determined by incorporating 3H-arachidonic acid in leukocytes. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity was evaluated by RP-HPLC. RESULTS　In comparison with control, ginkgolide B at final concentration of 0.1-10 μmol*L-1 inhibited A23187 induced AA release by 10.9%-22.2%; at final concentration of 0.1-50 μmol*L-1, ginkgolide B inhibited LTB4 and 5-HETE synthesis stimulated by PAF by 29.4%-88.8% and 26.2%-89.3% respectively. At the final concentration of 0.1-100 μmol*L-1, ginkgolide B decreased the rise of intracelluar calcium level induced by pletelet activating factor (PAF) and N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenglalanine (fMLP) by 13.9%-51.4% and 2.2%-36.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION　Ginkgolide B was found to significantly inhibit PLA2 and 5-LO activities, as well as the increase of the intracellular calcium induced by PAF.

Objective To investigate the clinic manifestations of intestinal involvement of Beh(c)et's disease (BD).Methods Medical data of patients with intestinal involvement of BD admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from January 1994 to August 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.Clinic manifestations,laboratory tests and endoscopic characteristics were analyzed,and the influence of sex on the clinic manifestations was investigated.Numerical data and categorical data comparisons were analyzed using t-test,x2 test respectively.Results Sixty-four patients with intestinal involvement accounted for 10.5 percent (64/611) of total hospitalized BD patients during the same period.Among these 64 patients,31 were male and 33 were female.The median age at the onset of intestinal involvement was 34 years old.Gastrointestinal symptoms were presented after other systemic symptoms of BD in 91％ patients (58/64).Abdominal pain (88％,56/64) was the most common clinical manifestations of intestinal involvement,and severe complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding (31％,20/64),intestinal obstruction (22％,14/64),intestinal perforation (11％,7/64) and intestinal fistula (16％,10/64) could also occur in some patients.Lesions usually located at ileocecum portion of the gastrointestinal tract.The common endoscopic manifestation was deep ulcers.Female sex was associated with higher C reactive protein level and lower serum albumin level [(52±46) vs (27±36) mg/L,t=2.287,P=0.026; Serum albumin:(34±6) vs (37±5) mg/L,t=2.237,P=0.029].After treated with glucocorticoid,im-munosuppressant and TNF-α blockers,62 patients achieved clinical remission while 21 cases were operated.Conclusion Most of intestinal involvement of BD patients are young adults,and the gastrointestinal symp-toms usually present after the presence of other systemic symptoms.Abdominal pain is the most common manifestations,while severe complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and intestinal obstruction can also occur.The most common endoscopic findings are deep ulcers,which often located in the ileocecal region.Female patients are more likely to have severe clinical course.Glucocorticoid,immunosup-pressant and TNF-α antagonist therapy are effective,but some patients still need surgical intervention.

Dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP-type peroxidase) represents a group of heme-containing peroxidases able to decolour various organic dyes, most of which are xenobiotics. To identify and characterize a new DyP-type peroxidase (ZmDyP) from Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 (ATCC 31821), ZmDyP was amplified from the genomic DNA of Z. mobilis by PCR, and cloned into the Escherichia coli expression vector pET-21b(+). Alignment of the amino acid sequence of ZmDyP with other members of the DyP-type peroxidases revealed the presence of the active site conserved residues D149, R239, T254, F256 as well as the typical GXXDG motif, indicating that ZmDyP is a new member of the Dyp-type peroxidase family. pET-21b(+) containing ZmDyP gene was expressed in E. coli by IPTG induction. The expressed enzyme was purified by Ni-Chelating chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified enzyme revealed a molecular weight of 36 kDa, whereas activity staining gave a molecular weight of 108 kDa, suggesting that the enzyme could be a trimer. In addition, ZmDyP is a heme-containing enzyme as shown by a typical heme absorption peak of Soret band. Moreover, ZmDyP showed high catalytic efficiency with 2, 2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) as a substrate. These results enrich the pool of DyP-type peroxidases and lay a foundation for further studies.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalysis ; Coloring Agents ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peroxidases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Zymomonas ; enzymology

A unique one-step ethanol fermentation process was developed with the inulinase-producing strain Kluyveromyces marxianus YX01. Firstly, the impact of temperature on ethanol fermentation was investigated through flask fermentation, and the temperature of 35 degrees C was observed to be the optimum to coordinate inulinase production, inulin saccharification and ethanol fermentation. And then, the impact of aeration and substrate concentration was studied through batch fermentation in the 2.5 L fermentor, and the experimental data indicated that the average ethanol fermentation time was decreased at the aeration rates of 50 mL/min and 100 mL/min, but higher ethanol yield was obtained under non-aeration conditions with more substrate directed to ethanol production. The ethanol concentration of 92.2 g/L was achieved with the substrate containing 235 g/L inulin, and the ethanol yield was calculated to be 0.436, equivalent to 85.5% of its theoretical value. Finally, Jerusalem artichoke grown in salina and irrigated with seawater was fermented without sterilization treatment, 84.0 g/L ethanol was obtained with the substrate containing 280 g/L dry Jerusalem artichoke meal, and the ethanol yield was calculated to be 0.405, indicating the Jerusalem artichoke could be an alternative feedstock for grain-based fuel ethanol production.
Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Helianthus ; metabolism ; Kluyveromyces ; metabolism ; Seawater ; Temperature

Objective: To understand the changes of smoking behavior among primary and middle school students in Beijing during 2005-2015. Methods: The primary and middle schools in Beijing were classified and then taken as a sampling frame. Twophase stratified random cluster sampling was conducted with school as primary sampling unit (PSU) and class as the minimum sampling unit, respectively. Beijing Schoolbased Smoking Monitoring Questionnaire was surveyed in 2005 and 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2015 anonymously. Results: In 2015, the smoking rate among primary and middle school students in Beijing was 9.41%. Among them, for primary, junior, high school and vocational high school students, the rates were 7.05%, 7.06%, 12.41% and 34.11%, respectively. The smoking rates were now 3.26%, with 1.99%, 1.80%, 3.48% and 20.22%, respectively, among primary, middle and high school and vocational high school students. male, vocational school students were more likely to report smoking across six waves of surveillance. Results from the surveillance in 2015 showed a decreasing trend in ever smoking rate and current smoking rate compared with previous survey. About half of the current student smokers were reported to take 1 cigarette/day, and about 10% smokers were reported to take 10 cigarettes/day. Students were most likely to smoke at home(24.02%), followed by smoking at schools(12.74%). The percentage of buying cigarettes by themselves was increased from 17.10% in 2008 to 66.09% in 2015. Conclusion From 2005 to 2015, both ever smoking and current smoking rate among middle school students in Beijing decreased in general, however smoking among vocational high school students warrants further attention.

Consolidated bioprocessing technology can be used for Kluyveromyces marxianus YX01 to produce ethanol from Jerusalem artichoke, which is one of the potential processes to produce biofuel from non-cereal crops. In this study, we combined the aeration rate with the substrate concentration to conduct cross-over experiments for K. marxinaus YX01, and studied ethanol fermentation and the influence of inulin enzyme activity. The substrate concentration had a little repressive effect on ethanol productivity. When substrate concentration reached 250 g/L under anaerobic conditions, ethanol concentration was 84.8 g/L, and ethanol yield was reduced from 86.4% (50 g/L substrate concentration) to 84.7% of the theoretical value. Aeration rate could accelerate K. marxinaus YX01 ethanol fermentation, but reduced ethanol yield. When substrate concentration reached 250 g/L under aeration at 1.0 vvm, ethanol yield was reduced from 84.7% under anaerobic conditions to 73.3% of the theoretical value. With increased concentration of the carbon source and reduced aeration rate, the inulinase of K. marxinaus YX01 reduced and the concentration of glycerol increased, however, the acetic acid increased with the increased concentration of the carbon source and aeration rate. When substrate concentration reached 250 g/L under anaerobic conditions, inulinase activity was only 6.59 U/mL; when substrate concentration reached 50 g/L under aeration at 1.0 vvm, inulinase activity was 21.54 U/mL.
Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glycoside Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Helianthus ; metabolism ; Inulin ; metabolism ; Kluyveromyces ; classification ; metabolism ; Substrate Specificity

Objective To understand the factors associated with high risk behaviors among people newly diagnosed to be infected with HIV through heterosexual contact before and after diagnoses in some areas in Henan province,and evaluate the risk of secondary transmission.Methods A face to face interview was conducted among people infected with HIV through heterosexual contact by using self-designed questionnaires during January-May in 2015.Results Among 361 HIV infected persons,the proportions of those with commercial heterosexual behaviors or sex with irregular sex partners decreased from 77.3％(279/361) and 28.5％(103/361) before diagnosis to 13.6％ (49/361) and 2.5％(9/361) after diagnosis,the difference was significant (x2=16.66,P＜0.001;x2=4.80,P=0.03).The subjects surveyed always had more commercial heterosexual behaviors in Henan,Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces before and after diagnosis.After HIV infection confirmation,the condom use rates were 51.0％(25/49) for commercial heterosexual behaviors,88.5％ (184/208) for sex with regular partners and 88.9％(8/9) for sex with irregular partners,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission included commercial sexual behaviors,previous HIV detection and age of 35 years or older.Conclusions Extra-marital heterosexual behavior has posed serious challenge to the prevention and control of HIV spread.It is necessary to inform the HIV test results,improve the intervention and promote condom use in people with history of commercial sex and people aged ≥35 years.

Ethanol fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the inulinase gene (inu) from Kluyveromyces marxianus was investigated. The inu native and pgk promoters were used to drive the expression of the inu gene, and the inulinase was expressed as an extracellular enzyme. All positive clones (confirmed by PCR) were able to express inulinase as measured by enzyme activity in the culture supernatant, among which two clones HI6/6 and HPI6/3 were selected, and their inulinase activity and ethanol fermentation performance were compared with their wild type. The inulinase activities of 86 and 23.8 U/mL were achieved, which were 4.6-fold and 1.5-fold higher than that of the wild type. Furthermore, ethanol fermentation was carried out with the recombinants and medium containing 200 g/L raw Jerusalem artichoke meal, and ethanol concentrations of 55 g/L and 52 g/L were obtained, with ethanol yields of 0.495 and 0.453, respectively, equivalent to 96.9% and 88.6% of the theoretical value.
Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glycoside Hydrolases ; genetics ; secretion ; Helianthus ; metabolism ; Kluyveromyces ; genetics ; Metabolic Engineering ; methods ; Plant Tubers ; metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; enzymology ; genetics

Objective: To investigate the knowledge and practice levels on infectious disease among primary and middle school students, so as to provide a basis for targeted infectious disease in health education and infectious disease prevention and control in schools. Methods: The stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 25 670 primary and middle school students from 6 urban area and 10 suburban area in Beijing from October to November in 2020. A questionnaire survey on knowledge and practice of students related to infectious disease prevention and control was conducted using the questionnaire compiled by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Chisquare test was used for group comparison. Results: During the past two weeks, 8.64% students reported sickness absence. The awareness rates of knowledge on infectious disease were 37.64%-93.56%, and the formation rates of practice on infectious disease were between 62.22%-98.74%. The overall awareness rate of knowledge on infectious diseases was 58.58%, and the overall formation tate of practice on infectious disease prevention was 78.19%, with boys (54.14%,73.67%) lower than girls (63.25%,82.94%),urban areas (62.88%,79.12%) higher than suburbans areas (55.30%,77.48%), vocational high school studengs (43.51%,68.13%) lower than nonvocational high school students (elementary school: 56.05%, 85.19%; middle school: 61.66%, 78.63%; high school: 66.72%, 72.77% ), residential students (55.21%,71.59%) lower than nonresidential students (59.32%,79.64%), students living with parents (59.22%,79.30%) higher than those not with parents (54.60%,71.34%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=219.08, 148.95, 514.34, 26.44, 27.12; 323.26, 9.91, 536.11, 144.32, 114.11, P<0.05). Conclusions The levels of knowledge and practice regarding relative infectious disease among primary and middle school needs to be improved. Health education on the weak links in knowlege and practice of infectious disease prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce the incidence and transmission of infectious diseases.