Fractional radiofrequency(FRF)is an aesthetic technique that utilizes electric current emanating from electrode or microneedle arrays to heat the dermis in a fractional pattern, with only little damage to the epidermis. The recovery process following the heat damage involves multiple heat shock proteins, matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, etc, which can stimulate the proliferation of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. It has been applied to treat wrinkles, skin laxity, acne scars and other aesthetic skin problems, and has proved to be a safe and effective cosmetic method for the improvement of atrophic acne scars, inflammatory acnes and postinflammatory erythema. It has few adverse effects, including tolerable pain, transient erythema, edema and mild crusting, so the downtime is short. FRF is more suitable for populations with dark complexions because of low risks of postinflammatory hyper?pigmentation. Recently, it has been used in combination with other devices such as lasers, or been used to assist transdermal drug delivery, and has shown remarkable therapeutic effects and favorable application prospects.

Objective To analyze the changes of serum total bilirubin (TBil) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in patients with type 2 diabetes newly diagnosed without complications and explore their relationship with vascular complications of type 2 diabetes.Methods The levels of serum TBil and GGT were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer in 42 healthy person (control group),64patients with type 2 diabetes without complications (diabetes without complications group) and 81 patients with type 2 diabetes with vascular complications (diabetes with complications group).Results The levels of serum TBil and GGT were (7.89 ± 4.81) μ mol/L and (29.81 ± 14.97) U/L in diabetes with complications group.The level of serum TBil was (10.42 ± 3.55) μ mol/L in control group.The levels of serum TBil and GGT were (11.30 ± 4.16) μ mol/L and (47.00 ± 38.57) U/L in diabetes without complications group.The level of serum TBil in diabetes with complications group was lower than that in control group and diabetes without complications group (P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum GGT in diabetes with complications group was lower than that in diabetes without complications group (P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that 24-hour urinary protein excretion,urinary albumin creatinine ratio had negative correlation with serum TBil (P ＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that GGT was the protective factor of diabetic vascular complications (OR =0.965).Conclusion The levels of serum TBil and GGT may be associated with the occurrence and development of vascular lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To evaluate in vitro anti tumor effect of host lymphocyte primed by CalmetteGuerin bacillus (CGB) activated dendritic cells (DC) based PANC1 lysate. Methods DCs were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteer and cuitured by rhGM CSF and rhIL 4. DC vaccines for pancreatic cancer were loaded with PANC1 tumor lysate (TL) and were further maturated by CGB.CD1a, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR phenotype was characterized by flow cytometer, and IL-12p70 and TNF-α concentration in DC culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. Autologous mixed lymphocyte proliferation and the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes primed by activated DCs to PANC1, PaTu8988 and SCG7901 tumor cells was measured by CCK 8 test. Results When DCs based PANC1 lysate were activated by CGB,the expression rates of CD83 and CD86 were increased from (3.7±0.3)% and (38.6±5.0)% to (16.5±0.6)% and (76.6±2.5)% (P ＜0.05 ). The concentrations of cytokines ILpl2p70 and TNF-α were increased from (20.18±2.06 ) pg/mland (61.38±1.19) pg/mlto (62.48±3.80) pg/mland (592.53±17.96)pg/ml (P＜0. 01 ). When co-cultured with CGB activated DCs based PANC1 lysate in proportion of 0.40)% , (3.39±1.05)% , (2.82±0.39)% significantly increased to (55.38±3.58)% , (75.0±2.54) % , (77.07±3.4)% , (99.07±2.4)% (P＜0.01) , respectively. The killing effects of lymphocytes 2.77)%, (19.03±3.04) %; but the killing effects on PaTu8988 and SCG7901 were significantly decreased.Conclusions DC vaccines for pancreatic cancer could be more maturated when activated by CGB, and could show a high capability of anti-tumor in vitro.

Objective To investigate the urinary albumin excretion of the diabetes patients and application value in the monitoring of early impairment in kidney. Methods The random urine samples from diabetes patients and controls within three days were collectod. The changes of urinary albumin excretion within day and between days were analyzed. 24-hour urine albumin was used as a standard to evaluate early kidney damage. The correlations between results of random urine albumin at the different time points and different periods were comparod. The sensitivity and specificity of random urine albumin at the different time points and different periods was evaluated and compared to deduce the best diagnostic porformance of the random urine albumin. Results There are greater variations of the levels of urinary albumin of patients with diabetes and control. After the correction with urine creatinine and urine volume the variations can be reduced (CV:49%±23% and 64%±30%). Urinary albumin excretion rate change rhythmically within the 24 h in healthy and diabetes patients. We found the best correlation between overnight ratio of urinary concentrations of albumin and creatinine (ACR) and 24-hour urinary albumin (R2 = 0.976). It was superior to urina sanguinis (R~2 = 0.900), postprandial urine (R~2 = 0.584) and random urine (R~2 =0.791). When 24 h urinary albumin was taken as the standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed there was significant difference between male and female(male 12.8 μg/mg urine creatinine vs female 27.0 μg/mg urine creatinine),and the the cut-off value of ACR was 27.7μg/mg urine creatinine. When the smallest available negative likelihood ratio (0.011) and the greatest positive likelihood ratio (481.000) were obtained,the concentration of 13.0 μg/mg creatinine and 87.4 μg/mg creatinine were set as the cut-off value of ACR. Conclusions The correction with urinary creatinine can reduce the variation between-days compared with urine volume, but still can not completely eliminate the variability. The ACR of overnight urine has the best correlation with the 24 h urinary albumin and can replace 24 h urinary albumin. Random urine as the most convenient collecting urine samples can also replace 24-hour urinary albumin, but the gender discrepancy need to be considered. When the concentration of 13.0 μg/mg and 87.4 μg/mg was set as a random ACR exclusion value and the confirmative value, it can basically rule out and confirm the existence of microalbuminuria.

Urinary albumin used as an important indicator in diagnosis of renal disease , but there are still many problems in the clinical application .The urine specimen type , threshold value , reference measurement procedures and some more aspect were summarized in this article .

Aim To investigate the effects of PLCε on the invasion and migration of human osteosarcoma cancer cells U2OS. Methods RNA interference ( RNAi) was used to inhibit PLCεexpression, and the proliferation of cancer cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. The migration of the cells was measured by scratch wound healing assay and migration chamber as-say. Gelatin zymography was performed to measure the MMP2 activities in U2OS cells. Results PLCε ex-pression was suppressed by siRNA. CCK-8 assay showed that PLCε had no effect on the proliferation of cancer cells. PLCε knockdown inhibited cell invasion and activities of MMP2 . Conclusion PLCε knock-down can inhibit the migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma cancer cells U2OS.

Objective To investigate whether pantoprazole (PPZ), a proton pump inhibitor,could reverse the transmember pH gradient by inhibiting vacuolar H+-ATPase so as to increase the sensitivity of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901 to antitumor drugs and to evaluate the optimal time of drug administration, dosage of PPZ and the possible mechanism. Methods Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining were used to determine the expression and intracellular distribution of vacuolar H+-ATPase in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901 with or without PPZ pretreatment. 2', 7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM) fluorescent probe was used to measure the intracellular pH value of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901 which pretreated with different dose and time of PPI. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and annexin V-fluorescent isothiocyanate-propidium iodide double staining were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and apoptosis of cells treated with antitumor drugs combined with PPZ. Adriamycin (ADR) was used as probe to estimate drug accumulation and retention with PPZ pretreatment. Results After 24 hours, the expression of vacuolar H+-ATPase in cells pretreated with PPZ of 10 μg/ml (1.19±0.03) or 100 μg/ml (0. 70±0.03) was significantly lower than that in blank control (1.53±0. 05), but this expression was increased by pretreatment with PPZ of 1 μg/ml (2.29 +0.06, P<0.05). The inhibitory effects of PPZ (10 μg/ml) on vacuolar H+-ATPase was observed at 6 hours (0.32±0.02)and 12 hours (0. 13±0.02). And it could alter the intracellular distribution of vacuolar H+-ATPase at 24-hours. The intracellular pH value in cells pretreated with PPZ of 10 μg/ml (7.44±0. 09 ) or 100 μg/ml (7.31 ± 0. 06) was significantly decreased in comparison with untreated cells (7.51±0.05, P< 0. 01). After administration of anti-tumor drugs, the viability in SGC7901 cells pretreated with PPZ for 24 hours (58.71%±1.18 %) was significantly lower than that in cells untreated with PPZ (74. 33% ± 1.77%, P<0.05), while thetotal and early apoptotic rates in former cells(80.81% ±1. 16% and 77.52 %±1.13 %, respectively) were significantly higher than those in later cells (26. 42%±1.19% and 23. 18% ±0.92%,respectively,P < 0. 01). And the ADR releasing index in cells treated with PPZ (20, 50 and 100 μg/ml) for 24 hours was obviously lower than that in the blank control (0. 164±0. 013, 0. 162±0.015, 0. 152±0. 012 vs 0. 277±0. 011, respectively, P<0. 01). Conclusion The sensitivity of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line to antitumor drugs may be increased by pretreatment with PPZ.

Objective To evaluate the dosimetric characteristics of base dose plan compensation (BDPC) optimization method applied on the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for upper esophageal carcinoma,based on the Eclipse treatment planning system.Methods Nineteen patients were included.For each case initial IMRT plan was generated and further optimized respectively by the two following methods:the BDPC method and hot and cold spot control (HCSC) method.Then the BDPC and HCSC plans were compared concerning planning-target-volume (PTV) coverage,conformity index (CI),and homogeneity index (HI),as well as organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing,planning time,monitor unit (MU) and delivery time.Results Compared with the HCSC plans,the BDPC plans provided superior CI and HI (Z =-3.662,-3.745,P ＜ 0.05),as well as lower D2％ (near-maximum dose) (Z =-3.823,P ＜ 0.05) and comparable D98％ (near-minimum dose) (P ＞ 0.05) for PTV64 (high-risk PTV),and provided superiorCI (Z=-3.340,P＜0.05),lower D95％ and D98％ (Z=-3.582,-2.616,P＜0.05) for PTV54 (low-risk PTV).The BDPC plans also provided slightly lower doses to the spinal cord and lung compared with the HCSC plans (Z =-3.625--3.369,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the planning time [(26.05 ±0.88) min] for BDPC plans was less than that of the HCSC plans [(33.73 ± 3.24) min] (Z =-3.823,P ＜0.05).The MU of the BDPC plans (1 019 ± 167) was higher than that of the HCSC plans (1 003 ±159) (Z=-2.616,P＜0.05),while the delivery time [(3.52 ±0.29) min] was more than that of the HCSC plans [(3.50±0.28) min] (Z=-2.548,P＜0.05).Conclusions The BDPC optimization method can significantly improve target dose homogeneity and conformity with effective reduction of the dose to OARs for upper esophageal carcinoma.Moreover,it is simple and can improve the treatment planning efficiency.

Objective To investigate the ultrasonic image characteristics of Zenker diverticulum(ZD).Methods The ultrasonographic features were summarized using the analysis confirmed by surgery pathology or X-ray imaging of the ZD in six eases.Results The diverticulum of Zenker located behind the thyroid gland in all the six cases,with five cases to the left and one to the right.The internal hyperechoic foci caused by air was found for all the six cases.The diverticulum wall appeared to be semicircular,narrow-band and acoustic halo low echo with an average thinckness of 0.53 mm.The Doppler sonogram of the six diverticulums showed no vascular signal.Conclusions The ZD had several unique characterisitics for identification by ultrasonic diagnosis,which included hyperechoic foci caused by air,internal changes of echo after drinking water and the special layered structure of the five-layer ZD wall.

Aim To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B on junctional proteins in ox-LDL-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs) . Methods After incubation with ginkgolide B ( 0 . 2 ,0 . 4 ,0 . 6 g · L-1 ) for 1 h, HUVECs were treated with ox-LDL (0. 1 g·L-1 ) for 4 h. The expressions of JAM-A and Cx43 were analyzed with Western blot and immunofluo-rescence. The effect of ginkgolide B on vascular per-meability was analyzed by Transwell experiments. Re-sults JAM-A and Cx43 expressions increased by 22%and 24% in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, respectively. Whereas ginkgolide B significantly decreased JAM-A and Cx43 expressions. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, suppressed JAM-A and Cx43 expressions in ox-LDL-stimulated cells. Ginkgolide B potently re-duced monocyte migration in ox-LDL-treated cells. Conclusion Ginkgolide B significantly suppresses JAM-A and Cx43 expressions, and reduces monocyte migration in ox-LDL-stimulated cells. This demon-strates that ginkgolide B can improve vascular permea-bility. The mechanism might be associated with the in-hibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.