Objective To analyze the characteristics of benign and malignant breast tumors with 2D and color Doppler ultrasound, and to assess the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 674 patients (327 malignant and 347 benign) of breast tumor underwent 2D and color Doppler ultrasonogarphy. Two-dimensional ultrasound was used to observe the size, form, margin and internal echo of the tumors;color Doppler was performed to observe the degree of blood flow signal in the tumor, and to measure peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI). Results Totally 671 patients were diagnosed with ultrasound. The size of the tumors were from 0.50 cm×0.41 cm to 5.42 cm×4.10 cm. The ratio of vertical and transverse diameter of 69.11% (226/327) of the malignant tumors ≥1.0. Most tumors (266/327, 81.35%) presented with irregular margin like incised or feet of crab;61.47% (201/327) had microcalcification. Color Doppler found that 92.97% (304/327) of the tumors had blood flow signal;PSV was 15.34-39.76 cm/s, RI was 0.65-0.98, and 91.61% (262/286)≥0.70. Significant differences of the ratio of vertical and transverse diameter, the margin of the tumor, microcalcification and blood flow signal, PSV and RI (P＜0.01) were found between benign and malignant breast tumors. Conclusion The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors can be significantly improved with comprehensive analysis of 2D ultrasound, blood flow signal, PSV and RI. Color Doppler ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Object A novel microwave-heated extraction (MHE) method was studied for the extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Methods Several factors, such as temperature, time and microwave power were investigated and the appropriate MHE conditions were obtained from the orthogonal test. Under the optimum conditions, the optimal solvent was selected and the MHE was compared with ultrasonic extraction, leaching at room temperature and Soxhlet extraction,. Results The optimum conditions of MHE is extracting for another 40 min in 0.5% ammonia water after heated to 60 ℃ by microwave of 2 000 W. Yield of glycyrrhizic acid was about equal to that of Soxhlet extraction for 4 h, and that of leaching at room temperature for 44.3 h. Conclusion The MHE method is fast, efficient, energy-saving and high-selective, which is recommendable to the application to active compounds extraction from Chinese herbal medicines.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) assisted with magnifying chromoendoscopy in treatment of colorectal neoplasms. Methods Patients who met criteria for EMR including appropriate flat or depressed type and sessile lesions were enrolled. The association of morphology of colorectal lesions with histopathology was observed and the accuracy of estimation of invasive depth by magnifying chromoendoscopy was evaluated. Results Ninety lesions of 81 patients were reseeted by EMR (25 being sessile and 65 being flat or depressed). The histological results revealed low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in 58 lesions, high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in 20 lesions, and adenocarcinoma in 12 lesions. The average size of lesions was (1.4±0.5) cm in HGD, (1.6±0.5) cm in cancer and (1.0±0.4) cm in LGD with no significant difference (P> 0.05). It was shown that the flat and depressed lesions were more likely to be HGD or cancer as compared to sessile lesions, but with no statistical difference [41.5 % (27/65)vs. 20.0% (5/25), P= 0.084]. Moreover, the lesion with central depression was more likely to be HGD or cancer as compared to those without depressed surface [51.0% (25/49) vs. 17.1 % (7/41), P<0.01)]. The accuracy of estimating invasive depth by magnifying chromoendoscopy was 97.8% (86/90). Complete resection was confirmed histologically in 95.8% (88/90) of all lesions. Conclusions Colorectal lesions of depressed and flat types with central depression are more likely to be malignant. Estimation of invasive depth of colorectal neoplasia by magnifying chromoendoscopy in EMR treatment makes it more effective and safer.

Objective:To explore the expressions of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)and its synthases cystathionine beta synthase (CBS)and cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE)in the cell lines of normal bladder and bladder cancer,and to clarify their mechanism in the development of bladder cancer.Methods:The bladder cancer cell lines (5637,T24,UM-UC-3,EJ)and human bladder epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were selected.The expressions of CBS and CSE in bladder cancer and normal cell lines were analyzed by Western blotting assay and the productivities of H2 S in cell lines were detected by sensitive sulphur electrode assay.The EJ cells were selected based on the previous experimental results and divided into groups as follows:① 10 μmol· L-1 NaHS group, 50 μmol·L-1 NaHS group,100 μmol·L-1 NaHS group and control group.After drug treatment,the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay at 24 and 48 h.② 5 μg·L-1 cisplatin group,cisplatin (5 μg·L-1 )+ NaHS (100 μmol·L-1 )group and control group.After medicine treatment,the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay and the cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry at 48 h. Results:Compared with the normal bladder cells (SV-HUC-1),the expression levels of CBS and CSE and the productivity of H2 S in the bladder cancer cell lines (5637,T24,UM-UC-3 and EJ)were increased obviously (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Compared with control group,exogenous H2 S promoted the cell proliferation of EJ cells.The cell survival rates were increased with the increase of drug dose (P <0.05),which showed a dose-dependent effect.The cell survival rates were increased with the prolongation of time (P <0.05),which showed a time-dependent effect.After medicine treatment,compared with cisplatin group,the cell viability in cisplatin+NaHS group was increased (P <0.05)and the apoptotic rate was decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion:Endogenous H2 S and its synthases CBS and CSE have an increased expression level in bladder cancer cell lines compared with the normal bladder cells.H2 S can enhance the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and decrease the apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on phosphatase and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway in the midbrain substantia nigra of Thy1-α synuclein(αSyn)transgenic model mice with Parkinson disease(PD). Methods:Twenty-four Thy1-αSyn transgenic mice were randomly divided into a model group,an acupuncture group,an acupuncture + moxibustion group,and a Western medicine group.Six wild-type mice in the same litter were used as the wild-type group.In the acupuncture group,Baihui(GV20)and Yanglingquan(GB34)were selected for acupuncture.In the acupuncture + moxibustion group,Guanyuan(CV4)was added on the basis of the acupuncture group.The Western medicine group was given rapamycin intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·bw).The wild-type group and the model group were fixed without intervention.The overall rod performance(ORP)score of mice was observed in each group.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons in the substantia nigra of mice in each group.The αSyn was detected by the immunofluorescence chemical method.The expression levels of αSyn,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,autophagy protein sequestosome-1/protein 62(SQSTM-1/p62),PINK1,Parkin,and ubiquitin-specific protease 30(USP30)proteins were detected by Western blotting assay.The expression levels of LC3B,p62,PINK1,Parkin,and USP30 mRNAs were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with the wild-type group,the ORP score,the p62,PINK1,and Parkin protein expression levels decreased significantly(P<0.01),the PINK1 mRNA expression level decreased(P<0.05),while the protein and mRNA expression levels of USP30 increased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the ORP score in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + moxibustion group increased(P<0.05);the expression level of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein in the acupuncture + moxibustion group and the Western medicine group increased(P<0.05);the protein expression levels of p62,PINK1,and Parkin increased(P<0.05),while the USP30 protein expression level decreased significantly(P<0.01)in the acupuncture group,the acupuncture + moxibustion group,and the Western medicine group;the Parkin mRNA expression level in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + moxibustion group increased(P<0.05);the USP30 mRNA expression level in the acupuncture + moxibustion group decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion regulate the related molecule expression levels of PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in the Thy1-αSyn transgenic PD model mice and promote the autophagy degradation of αSyn to exert the protective effect of dopaminergic neurons.

Objective To investigate the status quo of pain crisis in advanced lung cancer patients and analyze its influencing factors.Methods From August to November 2023,318 patients with advanced lung cancer were selected from 6 wards of respiratory department of a tertiary A hospital in Zhengzhou.The Numerical Rating Scale,Perceptive Social Support Scale,Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to investigate the influencing factors of pain crisis in advanced lung cancer patients by Logistic regression.Results Among 318 patients with advanced lung cancer,102 patients had painful crisis,with the incidence rate of 32.08％.0lder age and high level of social support were protective factors for pain crisis,and bone metastasis,anxiety and mild to moderate depression were risk factors for pain crisis.Conclusion The incidence of pain crisis was high in advanced lung cancer patients.Medical staff should pay attention to those with younger age,bone metastasis,low level of social support,high level of anxiety and mild to moderate level of depression,and take timely intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of pain crisis.

On page 219, there was an error in the Fig. 5.

PURPOSE: To measure the surface loss of dental restorative zirconia and the short-term bond strength between an indirect composite resin (ICR) and zirconia ceramic after various sandblasting processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred zirconia bars were randomly divided into 25 groups according to the type of sandblasting performed with pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 MPa, sandblasting times of 7, 14 and 21 seconds, and alumina powder sizes of 50 and 110 microm. The control group did not receive sandblasting. The volume loss and height loss on zirconia surface after sandblasting and the shear bond strength (SBS) between the sandblasted zirconia and ICR after 24-h immersion were measured for each group using multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significance Difference (LSD) test (alpha=.05). After sandblasting, the failure modes of the ICR/zirconia surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The volume loss and height loss were increased with higher sandblasting pressure and longer sandblasting treatment, but they decreased with larger powder size. SBS was significantly increased by increasing the sandblasting time from 7 seconds to 14 seconds and from 14 seconds to 21 seconds, as well as increasing the size of alumina powder from 50 microm to 110 microm. SBS was significantly increased from 0.1 MPa to 0.2 MPa according to the size of alumina powder. However, the SBSs were not significantly different with the sandblasting pressure of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 MPa. The possibilities of the combination of both adhesive failure and cohesive failure within the ICR were higher with the increases in bonding strength. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, sandblasting with alumina particles at 0.2 MPa, 21 seconds and the powder size of 110 microm is recommended for dental applications to improve the bonding between zirconia core and ICR.
Adhesives ; Aluminum Oxide ; Ceramics ; Immersion ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Multivariate Analysis

Objective:To study the coagulation characteristics of adult patients with extensively severe burn in shock stage and its alarming value.Methods:Retrospective cohort study was performed on medical records of 37 adult patients with extensively severe burn who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 and met the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into survival group ( n=23, 17 males and 6 females, aged 41 (31, 51) years) and death group ( n=14, 11 males and 3 females, aged 50 (43, 58) years) according to the prognosis of within 60 d after burn. Basic data of patients in the two groups and their routine coagulation indexes during shock period including prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-Dimer, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), fibrinogen, platelet, and international normalized ratio (INR) were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher′s exact probability test, prognosis-related factors was analyzed with single factor and multivariate logistic regression analysis (α selected=0.05, α excluded=0.1), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were established to screen out the risk factors. All the patients were grouped into high score group and low score group according to the optimal threshold value, Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and Log-rank test was performed between the two groups. Results:Total burn surface area (TBSA) of patients in death group was obviously larger than that in survival group ( Z=2.980, P<0.01), while there were no statistically significant difference in the other indexes between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with those in survival group (16.10 (14.30, 16.90) s, 40.80 (36.20, 42.80) s, 1.30 (1.10, 1.40)), PT (18.70 (16.30, 22.70) s), APTT (46.45 (41.00, 57.10) s) and INR (1.55 (1.30, 1.96)) of patients in death group were significantly increased ( Z=2.540, 2.330, 2.300, P<0.05), there were no statistically significant difference in the other indexes between the two groups ( P>0.05). Single factor logistic regression analysis showed TBSA, PT, and APTT were factors related to death of adult patients with extensively severe burn within 60 d after burn (odds ratio (OR)=1.190, 1.214, 1.109, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.053-1.346, 1.008-1.461, 1.012-1.215, P<0.05 or P<0.01). FDP and INR were potential factors related to death of adult patients with extensively severe burn within 60 d after burn (OR=1.040 and 4.559, 95% CI =0.998-1.083 and 0.918-22.641, P<0.1). Multivariate logistic stepwise regression was used to build models of APTT+ FDP+ TBSA and APTT+ FDP. Area under the curve (AUC) of APTT+ FDP+ TBSA model score was 0.944 (95% CI= 0.873-1.000), which was higher than AUC of APTT+ FDP model score (0.843, 95% CI=0.713-0.973) by ROC curve analysis. Optimal threshold value of APTT+ FDP+ TBSA model score was -0.879 4 with sensitivity of 100% (95% CI=100%-100%) and specificity of 87% (95% CI=74%-100%). Survival ratio of patients in high score group with optimal threshold value higher than -0.879 4 was significantly lower than that in low score group with optimal threshold value lower than -0.879 4, χ2=27.090, P<0.01. Conclusions:The coagulation state of adult patients with extensively severe burn in shock stage is characterized with procoagulant and hemostatic dysfunctions accompanied by enhanced fibrinolytic activity. The risk of death is significantly increased in adult patients with extensively severe burn with APTT+ FDP+ TBSA model score higher than -0.879 4.

Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the literature on burn-related coagulation dysfunction and to explore the current research status, evolution process, hot topics, and future research trends in burn-related coagulation dysfunction at home and abroad.Methods:The bibliometrics method was used. The literature on burn-related coagulation dysfunction which were published in Web of Science and China National Knowledge Internet databases from January 1, 1950 to May 1, 2022, and met the inclusion criteria were retrieved for publication volume analysis. The literature on burn-related coagulation dysfunction were retrieved as above in the core collection of Web of Science and China National Knowledge Internet databases, and CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software was used to perform co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis, and literature co-citation analysis of key words. Results:A total of 501 and 235 literature on burn-related coagulation dysfunction were retrieved from Web of Science database and China National Knowledge Internet database, respectively. The literature on burn-related coagulation dysfunction emerged from 1975 and 1950, respectively, in China and abroad, which were gradually increased later. The frequency and centrality of Chinese key words such as 烧伤, 凝血功能, 血小板 were high in 235 literature in China National Knowledge Internet database, and the frequency and centrality of key words such as burn, coagulation, and deep vein thrombosis were high in 340 literature in the core collection of Web of Science database. In China National Knowledge Internet database, the top 6 Chinese key words in terms of burst intensity were 烧伤患者, 临床意义, 烧伤面积, 凝血功能, 预后, 血小板, and the first 3 among which were burst key words in the early stage; and in the core collection of Web of Science database, the key words with higher burst intensity were disseminated intravascular coagulation and pulmonary embolism, which were the burst key words in the early stage. The representative clustering labels in China National Knowledge Internet database were #0 烧伤, #1 休克, and #2 并发症, etc., and the representative clustering labels in the core collection of Web of Science database were #0 risk, #1 surgical patient, and #2 sepsis. Early researches in China National Knowledge Internet database and the core collection of Web of Science database focused on the presence of burn-related coagulation dysfunction itself, while the late researches focused on the relationship between burn-related coagulation dysfunction and inflammation, immunity, coagulation in general, and wounds. From 2010 onwards, there were a large number of core cited literature in the core collection of Web of Science database, and the prevention and treatment of vein thromboembolism was the most popular research direction in recent years. The researches on optimization and standardization of diagnostic methods and the overall mechanism of burn-related coagulation dysfunction would be the main research directions in the future. Conclusions:The research hotspots and evolution processes of burn-related coagulation dysfunction at home and abroad have both similarities and differences, and the current research hotspot is the relationship between coagulation and inflammation, immunity. With researches increasingly deepening, the researches on optimization and standardization of diagnostic methods and the overall mechanism of burn-related coagulation dysfunction will be the main research directions in the future.