Background:Celiac disease has a wide range of clinical manifestations and a higher prevalence in women.Aims:To evaluate the differences in clinical characteristics in adult celiac disease patients with different genders.Methods:Adult patients(age≥18 years)diagnosed as celiac disease from July 2017 to July 2022 at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were included consecutively in the retrospective study.Comparisons of baseline demography,and clinical and pathological features between different genders were performed.Results:A total of 73 adult celiac disease patients were enrolled,19 were males and 54 were females,with the ratio of male to female being 1:2.84.The peak age group of onset was 30-59 years old,with an average age of(50.2±13.6)years for men and(43.5±13.2)years for women at diagnosis.There was no significant difference in the distribution of different age groups between men and women(P>0.05),but the proportion of women in 18-49 years age group and≥50 years age group were both higher than that of men with statistical significance(P<0.05).The most common gastrointestinal symptoms were chronic diarrhea(56.2%)and abdominal pain(56.2%),and anemia was the most common extraintestinal manifestation(50.7%),which was existed in 36.8%of males and 55.6%of females.Abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting were more common in females(all P<0.05),whereas no statistically significant differences were found between male and female groups in other gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations,such as chronic diarrhea,flatulence,decreased appetite,weight loss,chronic fatigue,anemia,hypoproteinemia,osteoporosis/bone loss,etc(all P>0.05).The pathological grading of small intestinal biopsy was Marsh Ⅱin 6 cases,and Marsh Ⅲa,Ⅲb and Ⅲc in 14,23,and 30 cases,respectively.No statistically significant difference was observed in pathological grading between patients with different genders(P>0.05).Conclusions:There is a marked female predominance in adult celiac disease in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and women were diagnosed at a younger age.Chronic diarrhea,abdominal pain and anemia present as the most common gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifes-tations.Abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting are more common in women than in men.

This study was aimed to prepare the spraying agent of prescriptions of Miao nationality herb and investigate the effect of Miao nationality herbs spray for serum SOD, MDA, and expression of Fas and Caspase-3 mRNA in lung tissues of silica-treated rats. The healthy SD rats were divided into 5 groups. Silica dust suspension was used in the model establishment of 4 groups. After the model was successfully established, 3 groups were randomly selected and given glucocorticoids atomization inhalation, Miao nationality herbs spray, Miao nationality herbs spray combined with intragastric administration of herbal medicine, respectively. After 40-day treatment, water-solubletetrazolium salt (WST-1) was used in the detection of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was used in the detection of malondialdehyde (MDA). The mRNA expression variance of the Fas and Caspase-3 were detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that compared with the silica dust suspension group, the SOD activity of serum in the Miao nationality herbs spray group was significantly increased (P< 0.05). MDA content and the mRNA of Fas and Caspase-3 were significantly lower in the Miao nationality herbs spray group (P< 0.05). It was concluded that Miao nationality herbs spray group was able to increase the SOD activity of serum, decrease MDA content, and obviously decrease the expression of Fas and Caspase-3 of lung tissues among silica dust suspension rats.

Objective To observe the distribution of different types of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)infection in non-atrophic gastritis,atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.Methods From January 2015 to January 2017,457 hospitalized patients with gastritis were collected.All the inpatients received 14C-urea breath test(14C-UBT), H.pylori antibody typing detection, anesthesia gastroendoscopy and pathological analysis of biopsies.According to the results of H.pylori antibody typing,all patients were divided into typeⅠ H.pylori infection group,typeⅡ H.pylori infection group and H.pylori negative group.The relation among different types of H.pylori infection,age and pathological type were analyzed.Analysis of variance and chi-square test were performed for statistical analysis.Results The mean age of patients in typeⅠH.pylori infection group(n=135),typeⅡ H.pylori infection group(n=98)and H.pylori negative group(n=224)in patients with non-atrophic gastritis was(47.5 ± 9.0),(49.0 ± 9.0)and(52.0 ± 11.0)years,respectively, which were lower than those of patients with atrophy gastritis((56.8 ± 10.3),(57.5 ± 12.4)and(62.6 ± 10.4) years,respectively)and patients with intestinal metaplasia((59.2 ± 11.1),(57.5 ± 12.6)and(57.8 ± 10.0)years,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant(F=17.90,6.82 and 18.30,all P<0.01).The proportion of patients with non-atrophic gastritis in H.pylori negative group,typeⅡ H.pylori infection group and typeⅠ H.pylori infection group decreased in turn(56.3%,126/224;40.8%,40/98 and 34.8%,47/135, respectively),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =18.44,P<0.01).The proportion of patients with intestinal metaplasia in H.pylori negative group,type Ⅱ H.pylori infection group and type Ⅰ H.pylori infection group increased in turn(23.2%,52/224;26.5%,26/98 and 42.2%,57/135),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =11.44,P=0.003).There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with atrophic gastritis among H.pylori negative group,type Ⅱ H.pylori infection group and type Ⅰ H.pylori infection group(20.5%,46/224;32.7%,32/98 and 23.0%,31/135;χ2 = 5.60,P=0.061).Conclusions Gastric atrophy is easily induced in patients with H.pylori infection.In patients without symptoms,H.pylori should be eradicated before gastric atrophy,which can provide the greatest benefit to the patients.Different types of H.pylori infection have different role in the progress of atrophic gastritis.TypeⅠ H.pylori infection accelerate the progress of atrophic gastritis,especially from atrophic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia,which should be actively eradicated.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at different time points during the perioperative period on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after gastrointestinal malignant neoplasms surgery. Methods: Sixty-three patients who needed radical surgery for gastrointestinal tumors were randomized into a control group, treatment group 1 (postoperative EA group), and treatment group 2 (intraoperative and postoperative EA group). The control group received surgery and conventional Western medicine treatment, and treatment groups 1 and 2 received additional EA treatment at different time points. The initial flatus time after the surgery, visual analog scale (VAS) score at different time points after the surgery, the proportion of using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after the surgery, and the times of adding analgesics were observed in the three groups. Results: The initial flatus time after the surgery was earlier in treatment groups 1 and 2 than in the control group (P<0.05); the difference between treatment groups 1 and 2 was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The VAS score was lower in treatment group 2 than in the control group at 6, 12, 24, and 72 h after the surgery (P<0.05); the VAS score was lower in treatment group 1 than in the control group only at 72 h after the surgery (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the rate of using PCA among the three groups (P>0.05). Regarding the times of adding analgesics, it was less in treatment group 2 than in the control group at 12 h after the surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion: Either EA during and after the surgery or only after the surgery can hasten the initial flatus and boost the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients after radical resection of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Successive EA during and after the surgery should be superior to postoperative EA regarding the analgesic effect after the surgery.

Objective:To analyze the expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in serum and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in descending duodenum of adult patients with celiac disease and the correlation between 25 (OH) D, VDR and the clinical characteristics and indexes of celiac disease.Methods:From September 1, 2020 to May 1, 2022, 37 patients who were diagnosed with celiac disease (celiac disease group) in the Department of Gastroenterology of People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were enrolled. During the same period, according to gender, age and nationality matched at a ratio of 1 to 1, 37 patients who visited the hospital with suspected symptoms of celiac disease and finally were excluded from the diagnosis of celiac disease after screening (non-celiac disease group) were selected. General data and clinical characteristics of all the patients were collected, including diarrhea, bone mineral density (BMD), Marsh stage. Serum 25(OH)D levels were detected, and the expression of VDR(high or low expression) in the descending duodenum was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Independent sample t test, chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:The serum 25(OH)D level and the proportion of patients with high VDR expression in the celiac disease group were both lower than those of the non-celiac disease group ((12.40±8.93) μg/L vs. (16.78±7.09) μg/L; 45.9%, 17/37 vs. 75.7%, 28/37), and the proportion of patients with diarrhea was higher than that of the non-celiac disease group (45.9%, 17/37 vs. 21.6%, 8/37), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.52, χ2=6.86 and 4.89, all P<0.05). The serum 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with the VDR expression level in the descending duodenum both in the celiac disease group and the non-celiac disease group ( r=0.75 and 0.64, both P<0.001), and was not correlated with the diarrhea symptoms in the 2 groups (both P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D and BMD in the celiac disease group ( r=0.48, P=0.017), and serum 25(OH)D was also correlated with BMD in the non-celiac disease group ( r=0.93, P<0.001). The VDR expression level in the descending duodenum was negatively correlated with the Marsh stage in the celiac disease group ( r=-0.36, P=0.031), while the VDR expression level was not related to the Marsh stage in the non-celiac disease group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Vitamin D metabolism imbalance exists in the serum and duodenal mucosa of adult patients with celiac disease, which is related to the severity of osteoporosis and histopathology. It is suggested that patients with celiac disease should receive vitamin D metabolism regulation treatment.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional factor that promotes blood vessel formation and increases vascular permeability. Its abnormal elevation plays a key role in common retinal diseases such as wet age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Anti-VEGF therapy can inhibit angiogenesis, reduce vascular leakage and edema, thereby delaying disease progression and stabilizing or improving vision. Currently, the clinical application of anti-VEGF drugs has achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects, but there are also issues such as high injection frequency, heavy economy burden, potential systemic side effects, and non-responsiveness. To address these issues, current research and development mainly aim on biosimilars, multi-target drugs, drug delivery systems, oral anti-VEGF drugs, and gene therapy. Some drugs have shown great potential and are expected to turn over a new leaf for anti-VEGF treatment in ophthalmology.

Purpose/Significance To explore the application and predictive accuracy of various models in predicting the risk of ather-osclerosis in diabetic patients.Method/Process Based on the biochemical data table from the"Diabetes Complications Warning Dataset"provided by the National Population Health Science Data Center,MATLAB software is used to construct risk prediction models for diabe-tes-induced atherosclerosis.The models are built by using k-nearest neighbors(KNN),decision trees,backpropagation(BP)neural networks,and Naive Bayes algorithms,and which are subjected to comparative analysis.Result/Conclusion In terms of effectiveness,the predictive accuracy of Naive Bayes algorithm is the highest(61.6％),followed by the decision tree model(58.2％),the KNN mod-el(57.7％),and the BP neural network model(55.9％).The results of the confusion matrix and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve indicate that the Naive Bayes model performs best.When comparing the models in terms of effectiveness,performance and stability,the Naive Bayes model is superior.

OBJECTIVETo explore the protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules-1 (PECAM-1) in human coronary artery endothelial cells induced with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs).

METHODSMTT assay was used to determine the cell viability of ZnO-NPs. Levels of HO-1 and PECAM-1 protein in culture supernatants were measured using ELISA after human coronary artery endothelial cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40µg/ml) of ZnO-NPs for 24 h.

RESULTSThe cell viability of human coronary artery endothelial cells in each group was 89.76%, 83.61%, 63.10%, 53.20%, 48.11%, 42.35%, 38.06%, 25.44% respectively when treated with different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (12.5, 25, 50, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200µg/ml). Protein levels of HO-1 (ng/L) in each group were 0.041±0.011, 0.512±0.076, 0.906±0.059, 1.062±0.089 respectively after the stimulation of different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (0, 10, 20, 40µg/ml). Comparisons in each group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Protein levels of PECAM-1 (µg/L) in each group were 7.966 ± 0.046, 7.993 ± 0.036, 8.629 ± 0.052, 8.811 ± 0.039 respectively after the stimulation of different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (0, 10, 20, 40 µg/ml). Compared with the control group, protein levels of PECAM-1 increased (P < 0.05) when the concentration of ZnO-NPs was 20µg/ml or 40 µg/ml.

CONCLUSIONZnO-NPs stimulation could inhibit the viability of human coronary artery endothelial cells and upregulate the protein expression of HO-1 and PECAM-1.

Blood Platelets ; Cell Survival ; Coronary Vessels ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Zinc Oxide ; toxicity

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is an important pattern recognition receptor that detects viral RNA and triggers the production of type-I interferons through the downstream adaptor MAVS (also called IPS-1, CARDIF, or VISA). A series of structural studies have elaborated some of the mechanisms of dsRNA recognition and activation of RIG-I. Recent studies have proposed that K63-linked ubiquitination of, or unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin binding to RIG-I positively regulates MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling. Conversely phosphorylation of RIG-I appears to play an inhibitory role in controlling RIG-I antiviral signal transduction. Here we performed a combined structural and biochemical study to further define the regulatory features of RIG-I signaling. ATP and dsRNA binding triggered dimerization of RIG-I with conformational rearrangements of the tandem CARD domains. Full length RIG-I appeared to form a complex with dsRNA in a 2:2 molar ratio. Compared with the previously reported crystal structures of RIG-I in inactive state, our electron microscopic structure of full length RIG-I in complex with blunt-ended dsRNA, for the first time, revealed an exposed active conformation of the CARD domains. Moreover, we found that purified recombinant RIG-I proteins could bind to the CARD domain of MAVS independently of dsRNA, while S8E and T170E phosphorylation-mimicking mutants of RIG-I were defective in binding E3 ligase TRIM25, unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin, and MAVS regardless of dsRNA. These findings suggested that phosphorylation of RIG inhibited downstream signaling by impairing RIG-I binding with polyubiquitin and its interaction with MAVS.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; DEAD Box Protein 58 ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphorylation ; Polyubiquitin ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tripartite Motif Proteins ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitination

To evaluate the association between serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) titers and the severity of histological damage to the duodenal mucosa and to predict a possible anti-tTG cutoff value for diagnosing celiac disease (CD) and villous atrophy in the domestic population. Clinical and pathological data from 76 adult CD patients with positive anti-tTG titers and duodenal biopsy results who were treated at the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from July 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between anti-tTG titers and the severity of duodenal mucosal damage was statistically assessed to predict the optimal anti-tTG titer cut-off value for diagnosing CD and villous atrophy. Of the 76 patients, 10 had underlying CD, and of the 66 patients with duodenal histopathology, four were Marsh Ⅰ, six were Marsh Ⅱ, and 56 were Marsh Ⅲa-c grade. In adults with CD, anti-tTG titers were shown to be associated with the severity of histological damage to the duodenal mucosa. When the anti-tTG level was ≥5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing CD were 83.9% and 92.9%, respectively. When the anti-tTG titer was ≥8 times the ULN, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing villous atrophy were 67.9% and 90.0%, respectively. Anti-tTG levels had a strong predictive value for diagnosing CD in adults when titers exceeded 10 times the ULN. Thus, the anti-tTG cut-off value can be combined with clinical judgment to diagnose CD, limiting the use of invasive endoscopy.