Objective To investigate the effects of isoflurane on the cell cycle and apoptosis in PC12 cells.Methods The neuronal PC12 cells were cultured for 7 d with nerve growth factor in vitro.The cells were cultured in 25 cm2 culture flask and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=6 each): control group (group C) and isoflurane group (group Ⅰ).The neuronal PC12 cells were exposed to 1.2％ isoflurane for 12 h in group Ⅰ.The cell morphology was examined by light microscopy.The apoptotic rate,cell cycle progression,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular Ca2 + concentrations ([Ca2 +]i) were assessed by flow cytometry.Results Compared with group C,the cell morphology was changed,the proportion of the cells in Go/G1 phase and MMP were significantly decreased,and the proportion of the cells in G2/M phase,apoptotic rate and [Ca2+]i were significantly increased in group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Exposure of PC12 cells to 1.2％ isoflurane for 12 h can activate the cell cycle abnormally and result in cell apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on glutamate-induced apoptosis in rat neuronal PC12 cells.MethodsThe PC12 cells were cultured for 5 d with nerve growth factor in vitro.The cells were seeded into 6-cm-diameter culture dishes (3 ml/dish) or 6-well plates (2 ml/well) with the density of 5 × 104/ml and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =18 each): normal control group (group C); glutamate group (group G) ;glutamate + isoflurane group (group GI) and glutamate + isoflurane + xestospongin C (an antngon of inositol trisphosphate receptors) group (group GIX).The neuronal PC12 cells were exposed to glutamate 500 μmol/L in groups G,GI and GIX.The neuronal PC12 cells were exposed to 1.2％ isoflurane for 2 h in groups GI and GIX.Xestospongin C was added to the culture medium immediately before isoflurane preconditioning.Glutamate was added to the culture medium at 10 min after isoflurane preconditioning in groups GI and GIX.The cells were collected from six dishes or wells in each group after being incubated with glutamate for 20 min.The apoptosis and mitochondiral membrane potential (MMP) were assessed by flow cytometry.Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([ Ca2+ ] i)was detected by confocal fluorescence microscopy.ResultsCompared with group C,the apoptotic rate and [Ca2+ ]i were significantly increased and MMP was decreased in groups G and GIX ( P ＜ 0.01 ),but there was no significant difference in the variables mentioned above in group GI (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group G,the apoptotic rate and [ Ca2 + ]i were significantly decreased and MMP was increased in groups GI and GIX ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group GI,the apoptotic rate and [Ca2+ ]i were significantly increased and MMP was decreased in group GIX ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionIsollurane preconditioning can inhibit apoptosis in rat neuronal PC12 cells by activating inositol trisphosphate receptors,inhibiting Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and increasing MMP.

This study was aimed to explore the curative effect of Zhuo-Du-Qing (ZDQ) particles on diabetic cystopa-thy (DCP) based on the theory of turbid toxin. A total of 100 DCP patients were randomly divided into the control group with 47 cases and the treatment group with 53 cases. Mecobalamin tablets was given in the control group. And ZDQ particles were given to the treatment group. The treatment course was 3 months. The observation was made on the bladder residual urine (BRU), clinical manifestation integral, hemodynamic indexes, HOMA-IR and HbA1c before and after the treatment. The results showed that compared with pretreatment, the BRU, clinical manifestation integral, hemodynamic indexes, and HOMA-IR were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the BRU, clinical manifestation integral, hemodynamic indexes, and HOMA-IR were also significantly reduced (P <0.01). The effective rate in the treatment group was 81.1%, which was significantly higher than 59.6% in the control group (P< 0.05). There were no obvious changes on the blood routine examination, urine routine examination, stool routine examination, liver function, renal function, electrocardiogram and so on before and after treatment. It was con-cluded that the treatment of DCP with ZDQ particles was safe and effective. To remove toxin and descend turbid may be another effective treatment method for DCP. The occurrence and development of DCP were closely related to the turbid toxin.

Objective To screen and identify the phage-display random 7 amino acid peptide specific to the systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and analyze its practical significance. Methods Using the phage random 7 peptide library screening, the SLE specific phage clones are obtained after binding with the mixture of sera from 30 SLE patients and 30 normal controls as ligand respectively. Then the Dot-ELISA is used to identify the SLE specific phage clones reactive to sera of the SLE patients and normal controls individually. Finally the identified phage-display random 7 amino acid peptides are sequenced and it's homology with the antigenic epitope of human being and other are also analyzed. Results Total 12 of the phage-display random 7 amino acid peptide are obtained by phage peptide library screening and the Dot-ELISA identification. Sequence analysis shows that the identified phage-display random 7 amino acid peptide epitope have homology with E. coli, Salmonella and human immunodeficiency virus, but not with that of human being. Conclusion SLE-specific peptides screened by phage random peptide library maybe used to diagnosis the SLE. Meanwhile, the antibodies in SLE patients which are combined with the Pathogen epitope, suggest that SLE maybe relate to pathogen infection.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors for sleep duration of school children aged 6-12 years in school-day in 8 provinces in China.Methods The cross sectional study was conducted among 20 603 children aged 6-12 years and selected through stratified random cluster sampling in 8 provinces (municipality and autonomous region) with different geographic characteristics and economic development level in China from September to November,2010 to understand their sleep duration in school-day and related habits.t test and x2 test were used to compare the sleep duration of the children.Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors.Results The survey indicated that the daily average sleep duration of the children in school days was 9.11 hours.The proportions of the children with serious insufficient sleep,insufficient sleep and sufficient sleep were 32.82％ (7 672/20 603),39.70％ (8 179/20 603) and 27.48％ (5 662/20 603),the children's sleep duration declined with age,so did proportion of children with serious insufficient sleep.There were no sex,urban or rural area and household income level specific significant differences in sleep duration among the children surveyed,and there were no sex specific differences in the proportion of children with serious insufficient sleep,insufficient sleep and sufficient sleep,however,these proportions were statistically different between urban area and rural area and among the regions with different economic level.The proportions of children with serious insufficient sleep and sufficient sleep was higher in rural area than in urban area (x2=59.96,x2=45.47,P＜ 0.05),while the proportion of children with insufficient sleep was lower in rural area than in urban area.In the economy developed region,the proportion of children with insufficient sleep was lowest,the difference was statistical significant.After adjusting for sex,weight,diet and exercise time,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors benefiting children to have 10 hours sleep every day included having high protein diet,exercise,high household economic status and living in urban area.Conclusion The problem of school children having insufficient sleep was serious in China,especially in the rural area.

Objective To understand the differences on sleeping-time between school-days and weekends among elementary school children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November,2010.A stratified random cluster sampling strategy was used to select the participants,under diverse geographical and economic levels in eight provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions,in mainland China.A total number of 20 603 elementary school children aged from 6-12 years old were chosen as research subjects to record their time of sleeping during school-days or weekends.Results Among the 6-12 year old,their time of sleeping was longer on weekends than that on school-days,while the average sleeping time during the weekends was longer in boys than in girls (t=3.35,P＜0.05).However,there was no linearly decreasing trend along with the increase of age regarding the time of sleeping on weekends,in girls.Proportions of serious lack of sleep,lack of sleep or with sufficient sleep during the weekends were 13.63％ (2 809/20 603),27.27％ (5 618/20 603) and 59.10％ (12 176/20 603).The proportion of sufficient sleep (over 50％) was significantly higher on weekends than that on school-days (less than 30％),however,nearly one third of the first grade primary school children were sleep insufficiently even on weekends.Nearly 10.00％ of the children under seriously or moderately lack of sleep on school-days were still in a serious lack of sleep state on weekends.The three groups who were categorized as serious lack of sleep (less than 9 h),lack of sleep (9-10 h) or having sufficient (over 10 h) sleep on school-days accounted for 29.75％,64.48％,86.44％,respectively,when compared with the national regulation set as 10 h daily sleep for the children in China.The proportions of those whose time of sleep on weekends was less than school-days in the three groups as the same,moderate (within 1 h),with 1 h caught-up or over,were 9.41％,22.77％,43.32％,24.50％,respectively.The percentage of pupils who caught up sleep appropriately (within 1 h) on weekends among those who were serious lack of sleep in school-days would exceed 40.00％ while the proportions among those who lack of sleep or having sufficient on school-days were 54.00％ and 30.00％.The percentage of children who slept less on weekends than on school-days among those having sufficient sleep on school-days appeared the highest,nearly 20.00％.However,the proportions among those who lack of sleep or seriously lack of sleep on school-days were 3.45％ and 8.16％,respectively.Conclusion We found that the elementary school children who could catch up time of sleep or lack of sleep on weekends coexisting in our study.This situation called for attention and the sleeping habit in primary school children should also be urgently improved.