Acute cartilage injury is one of the most common disorders in orthopaedic clinics.Articular cartilage is known to have a limited capacity to repair or regenerate itself. The disorder is difficult to be dealt with, usually affects the function of joint and may induce the onset of osteoarthrosis.This will result in great economic burdens on the patients and their family and greatly degrade the patient s quality of life. The recent progress in researches on seed cells, culture methods, biological material has provided a new method to repair the acute injury of articular cartilage and thus may solve many problems. The article introduces new advances in seed cells and their culture methods in cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective To amplify and clone human lrg and to predict its function by bioinformatics analysis. Methods The human lrg was amplified by RT-PCR, then identified by sequencing. Function of human lrg was predicted by bioinformatics analysis with Internet and GenBank database. Results The human lrg was amplified and sequenced correctly. Leucine zipper was found in the human lrg series that may have an important function. Conclusion The human lrg gene has been successfully subcloned and its function has been predicted. The result of the present paper will provide data and evidences for the further study on function of human lrg.

BACKGROUND:Carrier material provides an essential part of microenvironment for seed cell culture. There are some investigations analyzing the long-term in vitro culture of cartilaginous cell in calcium alginate gel matrix.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the activity, morphology and microstructure of cultured in vitro bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) immobilized in calcium alginate beads.DESIGN: Single sample studySETTING: It was conducted at the Orthopaedic Institute of Zhengzhou University and Orthopaedic Laboratory of Shanghai Second Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Orthopaedic Laboratory of Shanghai Second Medical University from September 2001 to March 2002. Eight New Zealand white rabbits, with an age ranging from 4 to 6weeks, were used for collecting BMSCs.METHODS: Eight rabbit were anaesthetized and 1.0-2.0 mL bone marrow was aspirated from the humerus of femur using a 16-gange biopsy needle pretreated with heparin for primary and passage culture of BMSCs.Sodium alginate solution was prepared. The sodium alginate-BMSCs composite formed calcium alginate beads, with a cell density of 1×109 L-1 and tology characteristics of BMSCs were examined using toluidine blue staintron microscope (TEM).scope, many aggregate cells with round shape, in all sizes, occasionally characteristics of BMSCs: Cells and matrix materials were well-mixed, with no materials stained. The cells were equably stained, in all sizes, with large nuclei and little plasma, and occasionally having two or more nuclei and cell division. These cells had an intact structure, well-defined border, and tures of BMSCs: The cells had normal structures, with no mitochondrion swelled and no degranulation in ribosomes. They had a continuous nuclear membrane, with babyhood morphology, round shapes,oval shapes or irregular shapes, and occasionally having two nuclei.CONCLUSION: BMSCs-calcium alginate beads exhibit advantages including a good hydrophilicity, easiness for nutritive matter to penetrate and proliferating actively. It is feasible to amplify BMSCs through in vitro cullage repair by tissue engineering (TE) method.

BACKGROUND: Seed cells and supporting materials are two key problems for cartilaginous tissue engineering. Enough functional cells in supporting materials is the foundation in the formation of bone and cartilaginous tissue in vivo.OBJECTIVE:To perform a morphological study on the tissue engineered bone and cartilage constructed with calcium alginate, in vitro cultured bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs) and growth factors.DESIGN:Morphological comparative study with the results observed for 12 weeksSETTING:Orthopaedic Institute of Zhengzhou University and Orthopedic Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Medical University.MATERIALS:This experiment was completed from September 2001 to June 2002 in the Orthopedic Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Medical University. Nine New Zealand male rabbits at the age of 3 months were selected, their mean body mass was 3.2 kg.METHODS: Rabbits received dorsal subcutaneous injection of five kinds of the following combinations at two points for each combination and in the Ⅰ+TGF-β. Totally ten points were marked. Three rabbits were put to death at the 4th, 8th, 12th weeks after injection respectively and dorsal subcutaneous hyperplasia tissues were collected for observation by using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), toluidine blue, Masson, tomato red-O staining techniques.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histological observation of dorsal subcutaneous hyperplasia tissues.RESULTS: At the fourth week, cartilaginous like tissues island could be observed in calcium alginate+ BMSCs + IGF-Ⅰ group, calcium alginate+BMSCs +TGF-β group and calcium alginate + BMSCs + IGF-Ⅰ +TGF-βgroup, with chondrocblasts surrounded by alkaline matrix; A great deal of cartilaginous-like tissue appeared at the eighth week with part of it transforming into bone, and cells secrete much matrix, part of the chondroblast clustered. At the 12th week, approximately all of the cartilaginous tissues turned into bone in calcium alginate+ BMSCs + IGF- Ⅰ +TGF-β group, and began to absorb.CONCLUSION: The compound composed of calcium alginate, BMSCs and growth factor might form bone and cartilaginous tissue. Calcium alginate is suitable for the growth of BMSCs and is believed to be an optimal bone and cartilaginous engineering carrier.

SWNTs are a mixture of 1/3 metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) and 2/3 semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs). It is desirable to separate the metallic SWNTs from the semi-conducting ones. In this study m-SWNTs was separated by using a poly[(m-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(p-phenylenevinylene)] (PmPV) derivative and used as photo-thermal media instead of SWNTs. The separation effects of m-SWNTs were evaluated by Raman spectra, molecular modeling and TEM images. The effects of m-SWNTs on MCF-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated with MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. m-SWNTs were separated with high purity. A strong inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth was observed with the m-SWNTs under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Our results will be helpful for the potential applications of m-SWNTs in clinical photothermal cancer therapy.

Objective To evaluate the skin protection of the 3M transparent dressing joint 3MTM CavilonTM No Sting Barrie Film after peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).Methods A total of 120 PICC catheter patients with lung cancer (observation time last about 3 months from starting the rearing pipe on the day to pipe-taken) were selected.They were divided into 2 groups by random digits table method with 60 cases each.Control group was given 3M transparent dressings stick in the PICC fixed place skin.Observation group was given 3M transparent dressings paste joint 3MTM CavilonTM No Sting Barrie Film.The incidence of complications in the PICC fixed place skin were observed and compared between 2 groups.Results The skin allergy,phlebitis,skin damage,total complications were 5,4,1,10 cases in control group after PICC catheter and 2,1,3,6 cases in observation group,and there was significant difference in the incidence of the total complications,x2=4.23,P＜0.05.Conclusion Using 3M transparent dressings joint 3MTM CavilonTM No Sting Barrie Film for skin care after PICC catheter,can effectively protect the skin after PICC catheter,reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

BACKGROUND: MyoD expression of skeletal muscle of rats increases distinctly in the earlier period of denervation, which can greatly postpone denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. The clinical test testifies that electrical stimulation is an effective method to cure denervated muscle atrophy. But the influence of electrical stimulation on MyoD expression during denervated muscle atrophy is still unproved. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the influences of electrical stimulation on the gene expression of MyoD of skeletal muscle of rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized control animal experiment was performed in the Animal Experimental Center of Shanxi Medical University between July and November in 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 36 healthy Sprague-Duwley rats of either gender were divided randomly into three groups, control group, denervation group and electrical stimulation group. Each group contained 12 rats. METHODS: Standard models of right sciatic nerve dissociation and gastrocnemius denervation were established in right limb of each rat in denervation group and electrical stimulation group. Thirty-minute electrical stimulation was given to the denervated gastrocnemius muscle of each rat of electrical stimulation group once a day. The rats were executed at 2, 7, 14, 28 days after denervation to dissect and dissociate their gastrocnemius muscles of the right lower limbs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MyoD mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and MyoD protein level by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of MyoD mRNA and MyoD protein level in specimens of denervation group and electrical stimulation group were up-regulated at 2, 7, 14, 28 days after denervation, with significant differences compared with blank control group (P

BACKGROUND: Myogenic regulatory factors Myf-5 is an importance gene involved in muscle occurrence process to adjust and control, start and maintain the skeleton muscle cell growth. It has a possible relation with denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of Myf-5 gene in different skeletal muscle sitas and different periods following denervatad skeletal muscle atrophy.DESIGN, TIME AND SE'I-rlNG: Randomized control animal experiment was performed in the Shanxi Medical University between March and April in 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 24 Sprague-Dudley male rats was selected and divided randomly into four groups, with six in each, Le. sham operated group (innervations), denervated 2 d group, denarvated 7 d group and denervatad 28 d group. METHODS: Sham operations were made only for the rats in the sham operated group and sciatic nerve were not cut off. Sciatic nerves were cut off more than one centimeter at the mid-level of their right lower limb for the rats in denervated groups. The rats were executed by vertebrae dislocation method at 2, 7, 28 days after denervation. The skeletal muscles of the right lower limb (tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius and plantar) were dissected and dissociated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Myf-5 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical stain (ABC method) with polyclonal antibody against Myf-5 protein was performed and the gray value was counted.RESULTS: Expressions of Myf-5 mRNA in denervatad skeletal muscle were up-regulated at 2, 7, 28 days in the eady stage of denervation (P < 0.05). The number of Myf-5 antibody positive-stained cell nuclei was the most in satellite cells at 28 days following denervation. CONCLUSION: At the early stage of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy in SD rats, expressions of Myf-5 in different skeletal muscles are all up-regulated. Denervation of rat skeletal muscle raises the Myf-5 expression in satellites cells.

The animal models used in the experimental research of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to prevent and treat T2DM are mainly spontaneous and induced. The experimental research of TCM in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes can be divided into Chinese medicine compound, Chinese medicine and its extract, Chinese medicine monomer. The mechanism is mainly through regulating intestinal flora, increasing insulin content, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, improving glucose tolerance, and improving gluconeogenesis, antioxidant, inhibit cell apoptosis, etc. play the role of preventing and treating T2DM in multiple links and multiple targets.

Objective To study the expressions of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in liver injury of acute liver failure (ALF) in rats and the role of PD-1/ PD-L1 in liver inflammatory injury. Methods SD rats were divided into two groups: 6 in normal group and 30 in ALF model group. The ALF models in rats were induced by D-galactosamine (D-Gal). The sera and hepatic tissue samples were collected at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after D-Gal injection. Expressions of PD-1 mRNA and PD-L1 mRNA in hepatic tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Comparison of measurement data between groups was done by t test. Correlation test was performed using Pearson linear correlation analysis. Results The levels of alanine animotransferase (ALT) and aspartate animotransferase (AST) at 12 h of D-Gal injection were (217. 3±33. 7) U/L and (397. 2± 101.3) U/L, respectively,which were both significantly higher than those in normal group [(30. 5 ±3. 1) U/L and (78. 6±4.2) U/L, respectively; t=-8. 921 and -6. 121, respectively; both P＜0.01] and peaked at 48 h.The expression of PD-1 mRNA in model group at 12 h (0. 385±0. 074) was significantly higher than that in normal group (0. 097±0.009) (t= -7. 725, P＜0.01) , and peaked at 48 h (0. 927±0. 132),then decreased obviously at 72 h. The expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the liver tissue of normal rats was very little, while that in model group was increased gradually over time, then peaked at 48 h (0. 593±0. 105; t =- 10. 076, P＜0. 01). The expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 were positively correlated with ALT level (r=0. 807 and 0. 792, respectively; both P＜0. 01). Conclusion The expressions of PD-1/PD-L1 may play an important role in liver inflammatory injury in rat model of acute liver failure.