e and feasible for postcolectomy patients.

Objective To investigate the outcome of induction of tumor cell apoptosis with low dosage of 131 I labelled anti carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) monoclonal antibody C50( 131 I C50) and the therapeutic efficacy of combining radioimmunotherapy(RAIT) with chemotherapy in colorectal cancer xenografts. Methods Human colorectal cancer xenografts with positive CEA expression were established in nude mice with LoVo cell line. 5 fluorouracil(5 FU), 75 ?Ci 131 I C50, and 5 FU, combined with 131 I C50 were given to nude mice through tail vein to treat xenografts on 9th day after implantation of tumor cells. Fifteen days after implantation, each mouse was sacrificed and tumor tissues were stained with HE and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated X DUTP nick end labeling technique(TUNEL technique). Apoptosis index(AI) of xenograft cells in each mouse was calculated. Results Under light microscope, no obvious cytolysis or necrosis of tumor cells was seen in all four groups. Apoptosis indexes in blank control group, chemotherapy group, radioimmunothera py(RAIT) group, and RAIT+chemotherapy group were (0.29?0.08)%, (18.68? 2.69 )%,(40.88 ?4.54 )% and (62.33?8.00)%, respectively. There were significant difference of apoptosis indexes between any groups( P

ObjectiveTo evaluate a new coloanal anastomosis preserving dentate line and anal sphincter. Methods After total mesorectal excision in 87 patients with low rectal carcinoma, the rectum no more than 1cm above the dentate line was preserved. The rectal mucosa was stripped and the dentate line was saved, then a sustaining anastomotic tube was fixed into the proximal colon, and the colon was pulled down and anastomosed with the remnant rectum 0.5cm above the dentate line. Results The ultralow coloanal anastomosis with anal sphincter preservation was accomplished. No perioperative death and anastomotic leakage occurred. The patients were followed up for 2 to 6 months and the follow-up rate was 89%. There was no anastomotic recurrence. Soft tissue recurrence in pelvic cavity was found in 3 cases, lymph node recurrence in obturator space recurrence in 2 cases and liver metastasis in 6 cases. Anastomotic stenosis was found in 6 cases 12 months later. The defecation function returned to normal six months after operation. Conclusions The sustaining banding method in the ultralow coloanal anastomosis with anal sphincter preservation is a safe and reliable surgical procedure.

Objective To evaluate a surgical procedure of low/ultralow colo-rectal(anal) anastomoses with sustaining bonding method after total mesorectal excision (TME) for lower rectal cancer. Methods After TME in 346 cases of lower rectal carcinoma, a sustaining anastomotic tube was inserted into the proximal colon, then the remnant was ligated and sutured. The rectal remnant no less than 1cm was preserved by colo-rectal anastomoses of modified Welch operation,while the rectal remnant no more than 1cm were preserved by colo-anal anastomoses with anal sphincter preservation. Results There was no perioperative mortality. Anastomotic leakage developed in 4 cases (1.2%), and anastomotic stenosis in 10 (2.9%). Postoperative 5 year survival and recurrence was 78.6%, 6.3% respectively. The defecation function was satisfactory in 82.6% cases. Conclusions Low/ultra-low colo-rectal(anal) anastomoses with sustaining bonding method after TME is safe and effective for lower rectal cancer.

Precision medicine is a new developing area of medical research and clinical practice, which is stemmed from the urgent need for high-profile medical health care and fast emergence of exquisite biological and medical technologies.Precision medicine, mainly based on the individualized molecular medicine and sophisticated medical techniques, offers multiple dimensional imaging examinations and biological molecular assays to make subsequent therapeutic strategies much more optimized to the personal disease characteristics than the traditional regimes, hence pursuing maximized efficacy and minimized side effects.The precision medicine in China is stepping into a vigorously developing stage after its first official initiation.This review summarized the development and program design of precision medicine in China to shed light on this growingly progressing area.

Objective To investigate the telomerase activity and abnormality of p16 gene in liver metastatic tumors of colorectal carcinoma. Methods Telomerase activity was detected by a non isotopic PCR based TRAP assay (Telomeric repeat amplification protocol) and the homozygous deletions of p16 gene was detected by a semiquantitative multiple PCR in tissue samples from 24 liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma. Results Telomerase activity were observed in 19 (79 2%) out of the 24 colorectal carcinoma patients. There was no correlation hetween the telomerase activity, the number of metastasis, differentiation, liver fibrosis and HBsAg status of the patients. Homozygous deletions of p16 gene were found in 9 out of 24 (37 5%) patients, and homozygous deletions of p16 gene was significantly correlated with telomerase activity.Conclusion The abnormality in telomerase activity and homozygous deletions of p16 gene may be important for elucidating in liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological characristics of mucinous gastric carcinoma (MUC). MethodsFrom 1994 to 2001, 438 gastric cancer patients underwent operation, among them, 36 patients (8 2%) were with MUC. The clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of MUC and non MUC were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThere were no significant differences in age, sex, tumor site and hepatic metastasis. Patients with MUC had higher rate of serosal invasion, invasive type lymph node involvement, peritoneal dissemination. Patients with MUC were of more advanced stage (stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ:MUC 88 9%,non MUC 73 9%). The 1 year and 2 year survival rate for MUC patients was lower than that for non MUC patients (50 5%?33 1% vs. 74 9%?64 7%). Conclusions The poor prognosis of MUC was correlated with frequent serosal invasion, lymph node involvement, peritoneal dissemination, and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis.

AIM: To investigate mutations of oncogene k-ras in colorectal cancer tissues and the relationship between mutations of k - ras and biological behavior of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS:The specimens of 123 patients with colorectal cancer were collected. Real - time fluorescence quantitative PCR were performed to detect k-ras mutations at codon 12 and codon 13 of exon 1, and the results were analyzed with the corresponding clinical pathological data. RESULTS: Among 123 colorectal cancer cases, point mutations were detected in 53 cases (40.8% ) , point mutations at codon 12 were found in 42 (34.1 % ) cases, and 11(8.9% ) cases at codon 13.No closely relationship between mutations of k-ras and tumor size, location, invasive depth and differentiation extent was observed. The rate of k-ras mutation in the cases with more invaded lymph nodes was higher than that in the cases without invaded lymph nodes ( P < 0.05 ) , and the rate of k-ras gene mutation in the cases with hepatic metastases was higher than that in no hepatic metastases (P <0.05). The rate of k - ras gene mutation was higher in TNM staging Ⅲ/Ⅳ than that in Ⅰ/Ⅱ( P < 0.05 ). CONCLUSION: Mutation of oncogene k-ras plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer, and it is closely associated with invaded lymph notes and hepatic metastases, suggesting that mutation of k- ras indicates a poor prognosis.

0.05). Results The median survival of patients with splenectomy and without (splenectomy) was (507.4?318.6) days and (849.4?672.9) days,respectively.The patients without splenectomy survived (significantly) longer than those with splenectomy(P=0.046).The 1-year,3-year and 5-year survival rates of patients with splenectomy and without splenectomy were 61.18%, 8.23%, (0%) and (81.56%), 48.28%, 30.62%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that (only ) (splenectomy) was an independent prognostic factor (P=0.007). Conclusions The rates of postoperative complications and tumors recurrence were not influenced by splenectomy. Splenectomy did not prolong the survival time of patients with proximal gastric carcinoma who underwent radical total gastrectomy. Preservation of the spleen can prolong postoperative survival time and improve the survival rate in these patients.Splenectomy might only be (appropriate) for patients with direct invasion of the spleen.

AIM: To investigate the role of CagA and the effect of small interference RNA (siRNA) on the release of IL-8 in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. METHODS: siRNA were transferred into CagA positive strain H. pylori NCTC 11637 by using electroporation. The CagA positive strain NCTC 11637 and the CagA negative strain NCTC 11639 were co-cultured with gastric epithelial cells and the level of IL-8 in the supernatant was measure by ELISA. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect CagA expression. RESULTS: The level of IL-8 induced by CagA positive strain NCTC 11637 was higher than the level induced by CagA negative strain NCTC 11639 ( 1 200.00 ?32.51) ng/L vs (100.00?8.58) ng/L, P0.05). Meanwhile, CagA mRNA decreased significantly in siRNAⅢgroup. The levels of CagA mRNA at 6, 12, and 24 h after electroporation were 31.3% (0.270/0.861), 57.6% (0.496/0.861), and 73.9% (0.637/0.861) of the control levels, respectively. Inhibition rate by siRNAⅢ was 68.7%. The Western blotting result in siRNA Ⅲ group showed that the level of CagA protein degraded to 30.7% (0.4/1.3) at 12 h after electroporation. In siRNA V group, the expression of CagA mRNA at 6 h is suppressed by 23.1% (P