This article described that the biology and medicine research is an important field in the international cooperation of science and technology.Meantime,by analysis on the achievements of the international cooperation from 2005 in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.it was shown that the intemational cooperation plays very important rule in promoting the research development in the biological and medical field.Also some principles of the international cooperation of science and technology were put forward in this article.

[Objective] To discuss the operation and clinical results about surgical treatment of scoliosis of thoracic hemivertebra and diastematomyelia of adolescent.[Methods]From Jan 2001 to June 2007,15 patients were treated with one-stage posterior hemivertebrae and osseous divide resection combined with transpedicular instrumentation and bone graft.There were 6 males and 9 females with an average age of 21.2 years(range 16 to 24 years).All cases were segmented hemivertebrae.Hemivertebrae were located at T11(n=3)and T12(n=12).The status of the spinal fusion,correction rate and instrumentation were evaluated after surgery.[Results]All cases were followed up for 19 to 45 months with an average of 34 months.Cobb's angles of the main curve were 52.3??3.8?before surgery,10.2??1.4? after surgery.At the final follow-up there was 1.6? loss of correction.The mean height was increased by 3.76 cm.The district of bone graft showed good bone fusion.The time of vertebra fusion was 3 to 5 months(mean 3.6 months).No instrumentation,spinal fusion failure or other severe complications were noted.[Conclusion]One-stage posterior hemivertebrae and osseous divide resection combined with transpedicular instrumentation and bone graft can achieve a satisfactory result for the treatment of scoliosis of thoracic hemivertebra and diastematomyelia of adolescent.It can be recommended in clinical practice because of a good stability of fixation and fine spinal fusion.

Abstract: The activities of four CYP450 enzymes (CYP3A, 1A2, 2El and 2C) and the mRNA expression levels of CYP1A2, 2El, 2Cll and 3A1 in rat liver were determined after Wistar rats were orally administered with brucine (BR) at three dosage levels (3, 15 and 60 mg.kg-1 per day) and the high dose of BR combined with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA, 25 mg.kg-1 per day) or liquiritin (LQ, 20 mg.kg-1 per day) for 7 consecutive days. Compared with the control, brucine caused 24.5% and 34.6% decrease of CYP3A-associated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (6betaTesto-OH) and CYP2C-associated tolbutamide hydroxylation (Tol-OH), respectively, and 146.1% increase of CYP2El-associated para-nitrophenol hydroxylation (PNP-OH) at the high dose level. On the other hand, (BR+GA) caused 51.4% and 33.5% decrease, respectively, of CYP2El-associated PNP-OH and CYP1A2-associated ethoxyresorufin-O-de-ethylation (EROD) as compared with the high dose of BR group. Meanwhile, (BR+LQ) caused 41.1% decrease of CYP2El-associated PNP-OH and 37.7% increase of CYP2C-associated Tol-OH. The results indicated that the co-administration of BR with GA or LQ had effect on mRNA expression and activities of the CYP450 enzymes mentioned above to some extent, and the in vivo antagonism of LQ on BR-induced CYPs adverse effects and the in vivo inhibitory action of GA on CYP2E1 and 1A2 might play an important role in the detoxification of Radix Glycyrrhizae against Strychnos nux-vomica L.

BACKGROUND:The structure surrounding upper thoracic spine is complicated. Transverse diameter of pedicle was relatively smal . There were important organs in front of the vertebral body. Screws deviated from axis or screws were too long. The safety and effectiveness of screw implantation were not implemented. It is necessary to understand the key structure of surroundings. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship of anatomic position between the axis of screw of pedicle of upper thoracic spine and key adjacent structure of the vertebral body. METHODS:A total of 30 healthy adult volunteers received T 1-T 4 pedicle axis paral el to CT scans. The positions of esophagus, trachea position, aortic arch, carotid and vertebral arteries were observed when the pedicle screw was implanted along the pedicle axis. The shortest distance on both sides of a vertebral pedicle axis from these structures was measured. Paired t-test was utilized for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:240 measurement parameters were analyzed. The distance from the left pedicle axis on T 1-3 to esophagus was smal , and the left pedicle on T 2 was minimal. The distance from the right pedicle axis on T 2-4 to trachea was smal . The distance from right pedicle axis on T 3 , T 4 to right main bronchus was smal . Carotid and vertebral artery did not show the risk of injury. 62%of the patients were in the aortic arch on T 4 plane, and no risk of damage was found. These results indicated that the left pedicle screws were easy to damage the esophagus, and the right pedicle screw was easy to damage trachea. Carotid artery, vertebral artery and aortic arch were not easy to be damaged. The anatomic position of easily damaged structure could be identified by careful analysis of CT data before screw implantation in the pedicle of upper thoracic spine.

Objective To study the adjustment principle and optimizing methods of the image processing parameters of Computed Radiography(CR), including the image density, contrast degree, tissue equalization, spatial frequency, LUT curve,etc. Methods Konica REGIUS MODEL170 CR was applied to adjust various image processing parameters on its CS-1 console. Results Images of all parts of body could be optimized and improved. Conclusion High-quality medical images are available only if the adjustment methods of image processing parameters are completely comprehended and reasonably applied.

BACKGROUND:Delayed onset muscle soreness is closely related to skeletal muscle micro-injury, but the exact mechanism of skeletal muscle micro-injury is not yet clear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the histomorphological and ultrastructure changes of skeletal muscle micro-injury models induced by eccentric exercise. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into quiet control group, immediately after exercise group, post-exercise 24 hours group, post-exercise 48 hours group and post-exercise 72 hours group. In the latter four groups, the rats were subjected to intermittent running on the-16° slope at a speed of 16 m/min: 5 minutes movement, 2 minutes rest and totaly 120 minutes. Rats in the latter four groups were observed immediately, at 24, 48, 72 hours after exercise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After eccentric exercise, the morphology and ultrastructure of rat’s skeletal muscle were both changed to different extents, and Desmin and Vimentin were dyed off for anti-desmin antibody staining at varying degrees. It indicates that one-time eccentric exercise can cause delayed skeletal muscle micro-injury.

BACKGROUND:Due to the importance of pedicle adjacent structures, once the screw replacement appears a deviation, adjacent structures may be damaged, leading to extremely serious consequences. Although the security of screw placement in thoracic vertebral pedicle-rib complex is significantly greater than that of pedicle screws, the mechanics of the pedicle-rib complex at different cross-sectional areas of the screw are rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To observe mechanical property of different cross-sectional area screws in the middle and upper thoracic vertebral pedicle-rib complex.
METHODS:Five specimens of adult cadaveric thoracic spine (T 1-T 10 ) and adjacent rib segment (50-60 mm long) were used. The bone density of specimens was measured using difunctional bone density testing machine, and osteoporotic vertebral body was excluded. The position of the screws was detected with CT images. The maximal withdrawal force of the pedicle screw was measured with biomechanical force test machine.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Thirty-eight specimens at normal bone density were implanted with 25 screws (5.5 mm), 25 screws (6.0 mm) and 26 screws (6.5 mm). Because the pedicle screws destroyed the pedicle-rib complex and perforated the vertebral body, we final y obtained the withdrawal force of 68 screws. The axial withdrawal force of pedicle screws at different diameters was (812.36±147.22) N, (868.64±160.48) N and (946.48±157.58) N, respectively. There were significant differences between the 5.5 mm screws and the 6.5 mm screws (P<0.05). Experimental findings indicate that, the pedicle screws (diameter>5.5 mm) are suitable in the middle and upper thoracic vertebral pedicle-rib complex due to strong internal fixation and clinical requirement.

Objective To evaluate the applied value of multislice CT (MSCT) in the selection of living donor kidneys and excision methods.Methods Ninety living renal donors underwent MSCT assessment.The nonenhanced,arterial,venous and excretory phase examinations were performed.Using maximum intensity projection and volume rendering techniques for vascular imaging,two blinded radiologists independently analyzed and evaluated all MSCT images.According to the CT reconstructive images,radiologists and physicians selected the left renal or the right renal donors,and chose laparoscopic or open live donor nephrectomy.Results On the 90 cases of donors,78 donors underwent nephrectomy in the left kidney.Seventy-one left kidney donors having no significant variation received the routine laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy.Seven left kidney donors on both sides had relatively obvious anatomical variations such as accessory renal artery,multi-branch renal vein and renal vein in the back of the abdominal aorta,and they were subjected to the left kidney open donor nephre.ctomy.Other 12 donors having significant variation in the left kidney were given nephrectomy in the right kidney,and all of them received hand-assisted laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy.All intraoperative records of urine collection system and renal vascular anatomy were consistent with the preoperative evaluation of MSCT,and the accuracy was 100 ％.Two imaging experts in the evaluation of renal artery,renal vein and urine collection system showed good consistency.Nephrectomy was successfully performed on 90 cases of donors,and.postoperative recipients had no renal vein thrombosis and other vascular complications.Conclusion MSCT can provide accurate and valuable information for the selection of living donor kidneys and excision methods as a “one-stop” technique for the preoperative evaluation of living renal donors.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for investigating the nutrition situation of the inpatients in departments of spinal surgery and minimally invasive spinal surgery and promoting the clinical rational use of nutritional support drugs. METHODS:Des-ignated continuous sampling was used to select the inpatients that fit the conditions in the departments of spinal surgery and mini-mally invasive spinal surgery in our hospital from Jan. to Dec. 2013,and the nutritional risk screening 2002 was used to investigate the patients’nutritional risk at admission and upon discharge,the nutritional support during hospitalization were recorded. RE-SULTS:In the 432 enrolled patients,the overall incidence of nutritional risk was 11.57% at admission,12.40% in spinal surgery and 10.44% in minimally invasive spinal surgery;and the overall incidence of nutritional risk was 19.44% upon discharge, 23.60% in spinal surgery,with statistical significance when compared with admission(P<0.05),while 13.74% in minimally inva-sive spinal surgery,with no statistical significance when compared with admission(P>0.05). The nutritional support rate of 50 pa-tients with nutritional risk at admission was 88.00%,14.14% of 382 non-risk patients still received a redundant nutritional support. The 44 patients with nutritional risk who received nutritional support had the average calories intake of(9.84±8.10)kJ/(kg·d),in-cluding 10.16% lipids and 9.55% protein;all patients who received nutritional support found no patients with enteral nutrition sup-port. CONCLUSIONS:Inpatients in departments of spinal surgery and minimally invasive spinal surgery suffer a lower incidence of nutritional risk at admission,and a higher incidence of nutritional risk in the former one upon discharge. While some patients who received nutritional support show no indication,and administrations of nutritional support are still debatable,the use of drug is irrational.

BACKGROUND:Establishment of high-quality finite element model is an important basis of biomechanical analysis. The reports on three-dimensional finite element model of complete adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are less. OBJECTIVE:To set up three-dimensional finite element model of PUMCIId1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis for building ideal digitization platform for further biomechanical study. METHODS:A 14-year-old female patient with PUMCIId1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was included as volunteer for the current study. CT images obtained from CT transverse scanning from T 1 to sacrococcyx were imported into Mimics 16.0 software to form qualified three-dimensional geometric model, including thoracic cage, which was further delivered to Geomagic Studio 11.0 software to build three-dimensional finite element model by a series of modules and optimization of cleaning. The geometric model was imported to ANSYS 14.0 software to build complete three-dimensional finite element adolescent idiopathic scoliosis model by adding ligaments, setting unit type, and defining material properties. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A complete three-dimensional finite element model of PUMCIId1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was built successful y, consisting of 522 887 tetrahedron elements and 730 rod elements, a total of 523 617 units and 159 008 nodes. Three-dimensional finite element model of PUMCIId1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was lifelike, and can be used as the reliable digital model for further biomechanical analysis.