Objective To investigate and compare the food consumption concepts and behaviors of Beijing's urban and suburban residents. Methods Intercept questionnaire surveys were conducted on 287 urban customers shopping at a Jingkelong supermarket located in Chaoyang district and 307 suburban customers shopping at a Meilianmei supermarket located in town of Changping, Changping district at 2 randomly chosen times (all between 1:00PM and 5:00PM) from October to December 2007 in each supermarket. Results 93.1% of Beijing residents went to supermarket as their primary place for food shopping. 47.8% and 38.2% of residents thought the most important factors considered for their food shopping were "food hygiene and safety" and "its effects on health" respectively. Suburban residents were concerned more about "food hygiene and safety", while urban residents more about "effects on health" (P

Objective To study the effects of N,P,and K fertilizers on the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites,to reveal the accumulation relationship between the biomass and the secondary metabolites in medicinal plants in the plantation,and to establish the basic theory of fertilization in medicinal plant culture.Methods Orthogonal design was used to study the effects of nine combinations of N,P, and K on the biomass and active constituents in three levels of three factors.While plants flowered,they were harvested,weighed,and smashed.Then contents of N,total caffee esters,and scutellarin were anaylzed.Results High amount of N,P,and K fertilizers was optimum to the accumulation of biomass, but low amount of N,P,and K fertilizers was optimum to the accumulation of total caffee esters and scutellarin.The N fertilizer significantly increased the biomass and decreased the content of total caffee esters and scutellarin in Erigeron breviscapus,but did not affect the active constituents yield.The effect of P on the accumulation of active constituents was higher than that of K,but its effect on the biomass accumulation was lower than that of K.The effect of K on the active constituents yield was the highest.Conclusion N,P,and K fertilizers could increase biomass and active constituents yield,nevertheless,decrease the contents of flavonoids in medicinal plants.

Objective To study the effect of light intensity and light quality on the growth and total flavonoid accumulation of Erigeron breviscapus. Methods Young plants of E. breviscapus were planted under various color films and light intensities, their biomass and total flavonoid content were determined when plants flowered. Results The biomass and total flavonoid content of individuals under 100% and 80% sunshine were higher than those under 50% sunshine. The biomasses of plants under yellow, red, purple, or blue film were lower than those under white film. Under the blue film, the total flavonoid content of the plant was the highest; while under white film, the total flavonoid yield was the highest. Conclusion Light intensity and light quality significantly affect the growth and total flavonoid accummulation of E. breviscapus. The biomass and total flavonoid yield are the highest when under full sunshine.

Object To study the regular change of total flavonoids in Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (TFE) in different parts of the plant, different individual plant and population from different habitat. Methods Samples of E. breviscapus from eight districts around Qiubei, Kunming and at altitude on Cangshan mountain, Dali were collected and their flavonoids determined.Results TFE showed different values in samples from different origin, with the tendency to show an increase with increase of altitude. The aerial parts including stem, leaf, and flower were higher than that of the underground root.E. breviscapus grown in the same ecological conditions also showed different TFE values from individual to individual.Conclusion Variation in TFE was influenced by the combined effects of genotype and ecological conditions.

Object To study the variation of total flavonoids in Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. with the development periods, the months, the affection of the environment and genetical factors on the total flavonoids. Methods The total flavonoids in organs of E. breviscapus during the different deve-lopment periods and the months were determined. The total flavonoids of E. breviscapus in the sunny and shady habitats and the total flavonoids of E. breviscapus with different colors were compared. Results The total flavonoids of E. breviscapus mainly existed in the ground part. The total flavonoids of E. breviscapus are the highest in its flourishing period, and the lowest in its withering period. The variety of the total flavonoids in every organs of E. breviscapus in flourishing period from April to June was not significant. Illumination intensity had little affection to the total flavonoids of E. breviscapus. The colors of E. breviscapus flowers could not be the selected markers for the total flavonoids. The genetic factor played an important role in deciding the difference of the total flavonoids among the individuals. Conclusion It will be optimistic to improve the total flavonoids in E. breviscapus by genetic breeding.

Objective To detect stunned myocardium using low-dose dobutamine stress (DBS)combined with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI),and to evaluate the difference and characteristics of mechanical parameters in different conditions between stunned myocardium and adjacent normal myocardium.Methods The acute myocardium ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of anterior wall of left ventricle(LV) was induced with 60 minutes ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD),and with reperfusion of 120 minutes in 10 open-chest beagle dogs.Dobutamine was administered continuously via vein with two different dose of 5 μg · kg-1 · min-1 and 10 μg · kg-1 · min-1.At baseline,post ischemia/reperfusion,after the first DBS and the second,the gray-scale dynamic images of three cardiac cycle of left ventricular short axis at the levels of mitral annulus,papillary muscle and apex were acquired.The systolic peak of circumferential strain (CS),radial displacement (RD) of eighteen segments of subendocardium and subepicardium were analyzed by Speckle tracking workstation.LV end-systolic dimension(LVIDS),LV end-diastolic dimension (LVIDD),LV eject fraction (LVEF),heart rate (HR),aortic valve forward flow velocity time integral(AV-VTI) were also measured.Results ①There was no statistical significance (P ＞0.05) under the conditions of baseline,post I/R,the first DBS and the second for LVIDD,LVIDS,LVEF,HR and AV-VTI.②Compared with baseline,the peak systolic subendocardium and subepicardium CS,RD decreased significantly at the apex and middle of short-axis anterior wall of LV under the conditions of post I/R;The parameters of the first DBS was significantly increased compared with the I/R (P ＜ 0.05) ; There was no difference between the two DBS and baseline(P ＞0.05).The peak systolic subendocardium and subepicardium CS,RD at the bottom segment of LV were no statistical significance under the four conditions.③There was no difference for anterolateral wall and anterior septum of LV at the level of papillary muscle under the four conditions.Conclusions ①Low-dose DBS combined with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging can detect stunned myocardium accurately.② After the occurrence stunning myoeardium,the peak systolic subendocardium RD decreased slightly,subepicardium RD was normal,the subendocardium CS of the surrounding myocardium was still normal,and the peak systolic subepicardium CS decreased to some degree.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the Chinese herbal formula Tongxie Yaofang(TY) or its modified prescriptions in the management of irritable bowl syndrome(IBS).Methods A systematic review was carried out according to the Cochrane standards.A computerized literature search was carried out in main Chinese and English databases including CNKI,CBMdisc,Database of Chinese Doctorate Dissertation,Database of excellent Chinese Master Dissertation,MEDLINE and Cochrane Library.Studies were retrieved when they were randomized controlled trials(RCTs) whose interventions for IBS patients were TY or modified prescriptions of TY with placebos or conventional medicine as controls.Outcome measurement included the alleviation of main symptoms such as abdominal pain,diarrhea frequency,and(or) comprehensive effectiveness and quality of life(QOL).Meta-analysis was performed after evaluating the quality of included studies.Subgroup analysis was done between subgroups of diarrhea-predominant IBS and subtype-regardless IBS,and was also done between diarrhea-predominant IBS treated with TCM syndrome differentiation and that without TCM syndrome differentiation.Funnel plot analysis was used to analyze the publication bias.Results Forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria,and 4155 participants were included in the meta-analysis.The results showed that the effectiveness of TY or modified prescriptions of TY was better than that of conventional medicine or placebos[OR= 5.30,95%CI(4.38,6.41)].Subgroup analysis showed that the OR of TY or modified prescriptions of TY in the diarrhea-predominant groups[OR=5.61,95%CI(4.33,7.25)]was higher than that of subtype-regardless groups[OR=4.95,95%CI(3.74,6.55)],and OR of TY or modified prescriptions of TY in the studies of diarrhea-predominant IBS treated based on TCM syndrome differentiation [OR=6.50,95%CI(3.78,11.20)] was higher than that of the studies without TCM syndrome differentiation[OR=5.37,95%CI(4.01,7.19)],but the difference was insignificant.Funnel plot showed certain publication bias.Conclusion The effectiveness of TY or modified prescriptions of TY for IBS patients is better than that of western medicine and placebo.But their effectiveness for diarrhea-predominant IBS or with TCM syndrome differentiation was not proved to be better than those for other subtypes or without TCM syndrome differentiation.Biases may exist for overall quality of the studies is low;negative results in some high quality studies need further discussion.

Objective:To study the epidemiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in pupils of Zhenjiang urban districts. Methods: Questionnaire was designed and employed for parents of 3 698 pupils at schools in Zhenjiang urban districts. ADHD was diagnosed according to the international DSM-Ⅳ scale. Differences were determined by Qi-square test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of ADHD was 6.54% in pupils of Zhenjiang urban districts, and was 9.14% in male pupils and 4.01% in female. There was significant difference between 2 gender groups (? 2=34.933,P

Objective To detect and type herpes simplex virus (HSV) in genital lesions of the patients attending STD clinic. Methods Clinical data were collected and analyzed from patients with anogenital non-herpetic lesions including induration or furuncle, fissure, folliculitis, single ulcer and so on. HSV was detected and typed by culture and PCR with specimens taken from these lesions. Results One hundred and five cases were recruited in this study. Among them, 18 cases presented induration (furuncle), 15 fissure, 16 folliculitis, 7 abrasion, 12 single ulcer, 25 nonspecific erythema and 12 balanoposthitis with edema and exudation. HSV was found in 33.3%(6/18), 20%(3/15), 37.5%(6/16), 28.6%(2/7), 33.3%(4/12), 20%(5/25) and 50%(6/12) of these lesions, repectively, by PCR, while in 22.2%(4/18), 13.3%(2/15), 25%(4/16), 14.3%(1/7), 33.3%(4/12), 8%(2/25) and 41.7%(5/12), repectively, by viral culture. The positive rates of HSV from all these non-herpetic lesions were 30.5% (32/105) and 21% (22/105), respectively (? = 0.095, P = 0.114), by PCR and viral culture. The results of HSV typing were consistent between PCR and immunofluorescence with type-specific monoclonal antibodies. Among those with HSV infections, HSV-1 infection acounted for 9.4% (3/32), and HSV-2 90.6% (29/32). Conclusions The clinical manifestations of genital HSV infections vary, and HSV could be isolated from lesions of induration (furuncle), fissure, folliculitis, abrasion, single ulcer, nonspecific erythema and balanoposthitis with edema and exudation. HSV-2 is the predominant type.