Chemotherapy is the main treatment approach for advanced colorectal cancer. The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin and irinotecan are three major chemotherapeutic drugs. The combined chemotherapy and stop and go treatment mode increase the efficacy and patients' tolerance. The new drugs, raltitrexed, S-1 and TAS-102, have been approved for use in cancer treatment. This article reviews the new development in chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α may mediate mammalian cells to adapt hypoxia environment.OBJECTIVE: To observe high altitude hypoxia on the ultrastructure of the lung tissue of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent high altitude hypoxia intervention for 1, 2, 3 and 30 days. Control group was set. Four high altitude hypoxia groups consisted of Golmud, Qinghai at the altitude of 2 700 m from 5-m above sea level of Xi'an consuming 1 day, Tanggula region at 5 000 m above sea level consuming 2 days, and Tibet Nagqu at 4 500 m above sea level consuming 3 and 30 days, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Light and electron microscopy showed that acute high altitude hypoxia 2 day group presented apparent high altitude pulmonary edema, while the 30 day group of acute high altitude hypoxia of high altitude pulmonary edema was significantly reduced, but hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Results demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression increase in lung tissues after hypoxic acclimatization can help ameliorate high altitude pulmonary edema.

The stem cell is a class of primitive cells with self?renewal,and multiple pluripotent potential capacities,which can differentiate into multiple specialized cells and generate human organs and tissues. Stem cell therapy is an interventional treatment that introduces new stem cells to damaged tissues,which facilitates the regeneration of trauma,disease and ageing?in?duced damaged human tissues to repair or replace the damaged tissues,thereby achieving the goal of disease treatment. It has been proved that the stem cell therapy is effective in the treatment of multiple human diseases,including cancer,diabetes,neu?rological disorders,autoimmune diseases,cardiovascular disorders and blood diseases. This review summarizes the advances in the research of stem cell therapy for human parasitic infections.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between adiponectin gene SNP+45 polymorphism and coronary heart disease(CHD) in south China Han population.METHODS: The nondiabetic CHD patients diagnosed by the coronary angiography were selected as CHD subjects(153 cases),and 73 healthy adults served as normal control subjects.The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) was performed to identify the distribution pattern of adiponectin gene SNP+45 in all subjects.The levels of plasma adiponectin were measured by ELISA.RESULTS: The frequency of T/G + G/G genotype and G allele in CHD patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects(P

Objective To evaluate the value of three-dimensional(3D) ultrasonic examination in diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Methods Twenty eyes(20 cases) proved as choroidal melanoma pathologically were reviewed retrospectively with their 3D ultrasonic examinations(OTI, Canada) preoperatively. Rotating-cut method in static stage was used to observe and measure the tumor. Results In 3D ultrasonic examination, 18 cases were diagnosed as choroidal melanoma according to tumor shape, choroidal depression, retinal detachment, CTH color change and cavernous phenomena of choroidal melanoma. The consistent rate of 3D ultrasonic examination and pathology was 90%. Conclusions 3D ultrasonic examination was valuable for diagnosis of choroidal melanoma, especially in observing and measuring the tumor.

Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the major cause for cancer patient death. Aberrant glycosylation is one of the important mechanisms of malignant tumor metastasis. The glycoprotein CD24, which could be a ligand for P-selectin on the surface of activated endothelial cells and platelets, appears to be a new diagnostic marker of tumors and possibly participates in tumor metastasis with unknown pathway. ?1,3 Fucosyltransferase Ⅶ (FucT-Ⅶ) is one of the fucosyltransferases which catalyze the transfer of a fucosyl residue from GDP-?-L-fucose to a sugar acceptor, usually galactose in the sugar chains of glycoproteins or glycolipids. The elevated expression of sialyl Lewis (SLeX), the only carbohydrate product of ?1,3 FucT-Ⅶ , predicts an ominous prognosis and high risk of recurrence and regulates the function of CD24. It is possible that ?1,3 FucT-Ⅶ may enhance the glycosylation of CD24 and thus promote the tumor metastasis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non coding small RNAs. MiRNAs can regulate cell signal transduction and gene expression, affect cell proliferation, apoptosis and other cell physiological processes, and play a crucial role in maintaining normal biological metabolism and homeostasis of the intracellular environment. In addition, miRNAs are widely involved in the occurrence and progress of cancer. Studies have shown that miRNA27a, a member of the miRNAs family, can play the role of oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in different cancer disease models. This article will review the expression, mechanism and potential clinical application of miRNA27a in different malignant tumors.

Trials in public hospital reforms bear special significance for rational deployment of health resources and exploring the separation of hospital management from routine operations. The paper identified such setbacks in the present trials as easy technology measures, numerous models of separations, difficulty in setting pharmaceutical service fees, and inadequate governance. Authors also recommended such measures as searching for appropriate reforms for public hospitals locally, greater financial resources for completing the compensation mechanism of public hospitals, streamlining their management system for separation of management from operations, and improving governance. All these efforts are designed to enhance the public benefit nature of public hospitals.

Objective To investigate clinical effect of Miccoli surgical thyroid bilateral subtotal resection for Graves disease,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods 80 patients with Graves disease were selected, they were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the surgical approach.44 patients in control group were taken small incision under direct vision routine bilateral subtotal thyroid treatment,36 patients in the observation group took Miccoli surgical.Surgical success rate,surgical index were compared between two groups. Results The patients of the two groups were operated smoothly,the success rate was 100.00% in the observation group,the incision length,blood loss,operative time were (3.04 ±0.64)cm,(32.25 ±3.29)mL,(81.19 ±6.68)min respectively,which were significantly less than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =5.214,P =0.004;t =14.514,P =0.000;t =6.514,P =0.001).The VAS score,length of stay,incidence rate of complication in the observation group were (1.93 ±0.43),(3.82 ±0.79)d,5.26%,which were significantly better than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =5.697,P =0.003;t =4.654,P =0.009;χ2 =11.214,P =0.000).The hospitalization cost of the observation group was (9 043.65 ±565.76)Yuan, which was significantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The cut rating of the observation group was (8.35 ±2.15)points,which was significantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t =8.364,P =0.001 ).The hyperthyroidism relapse during follow -up,the incidence of thyroid dysfunction between the two groups had no significant difference (χ2 =0.568,P =0.311;χ2 =0.604,P =0.294).Conclusion Miccoli improved surgical incision and under direct vision thyroid bilateral subtotal resection both have similar clinical effects for Graves disease,Miccoli surgery has smaller trauma,more satisfaction incision,but under direct vision small incisions has lower treatment costs.