Chemotherapy is the main treatment approach for advanced colorectal cancer. The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin and irinotecan are three major chemotherapeutic drugs. The combined chemotherapy and stop and go treatment mode increase the efficacy and patients' tolerance. The new drugs, raltitrexed, S-1 and TAS-102, have been approved for use in cancer treatment. This article reviews the new development in chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α may mediate mammalian cells to adapt hypoxia environment.OBJECTIVE: To observe high altitude hypoxia on the ultrastructure of the lung tissue of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent high altitude hypoxia intervention for 1, 2, 3 and 30 days. Control group was set. Four high altitude hypoxia groups consisted of Golmud, Qinghai at the altitude of 2 700 m from 5-m above sea level of Xi'an consuming 1 day, Tanggula region at 5 000 m above sea level consuming 2 days, and Tibet Nagqu at 4 500 m above sea level consuming 3 and 30 days, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Light and electron microscopy showed that acute high altitude hypoxia 2 day group presented apparent high altitude pulmonary edema, while the 30 day group of acute high altitude hypoxia of high altitude pulmonary edema was significantly reduced, but hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Results demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression increase in lung tissues after hypoxic acclimatization can help ameliorate high altitude pulmonary edema.

The stem cell is a class of primitive cells with self?renewal,and multiple pluripotent potential capacities,which can differentiate into multiple specialized cells and generate human organs and tissues. Stem cell therapy is an interventional treatment that introduces new stem cells to damaged tissues,which facilitates the regeneration of trauma,disease and ageing?in?duced damaged human tissues to repair or replace the damaged tissues,thereby achieving the goal of disease treatment. It has been proved that the stem cell therapy is effective in the treatment of multiple human diseases,including cancer,diabetes,neu?rological disorders,autoimmune diseases,cardiovascular disorders and blood diseases. This review summarizes the advances in the research of stem cell therapy for human parasitic infections.

Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the major cause for cancer patient death. Aberrant glycosylation is one of the important mechanisms of malignant tumor metastasis. The glycoprotein CD24, which could be a ligand for P-selectin on the surface of activated endothelial cells and platelets, appears to be a new diagnostic marker of tumors and possibly participates in tumor metastasis with unknown pathway. ?1,3 Fucosyltransferase Ⅶ (FucT-Ⅶ) is one of the fucosyltransferases which catalyze the transfer of a fucosyl residue from GDP-?-L-fucose to a sugar acceptor, usually galactose in the sugar chains of glycoproteins or glycolipids. The elevated expression of sialyl Lewis (SLeX), the only carbohydrate product of ?1,3 FucT-Ⅶ , predicts an ominous prognosis and high risk of recurrence and regulates the function of CD24. It is possible that ?1,3 FucT-Ⅶ may enhance the glycosylation of CD24 and thus promote the tumor metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the value of three-dimensional(3D) ultrasonic examination in diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Methods Twenty eyes(20 cases) proved as choroidal melanoma pathologically were reviewed retrospectively with their 3D ultrasonic examinations(OTI, Canada) preoperatively. Rotating-cut method in static stage was used to observe and measure the tumor. Results In 3D ultrasonic examination, 18 cases were diagnosed as choroidal melanoma according to tumor shape, choroidal depression, retinal detachment, CTH color change and cavernous phenomena of choroidal melanoma. The consistent rate of 3D ultrasonic examination and pathology was 90%. Conclusions 3D ultrasonic examination was valuable for diagnosis of choroidal melanoma, especially in observing and measuring the tumor.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non coding small RNAs. MiRNAs can regulate cell signal transduction and gene expression, affect cell proliferation, apoptosis and other cell physiological processes, and play a crucial role in maintaining normal biological metabolism and homeostasis of the intracellular environment. In addition, miRNAs are widely involved in the occurrence and progress of cancer. Studies have shown that miRNA27a, a member of the miRNAs family, can play the role of oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in different cancer disease models. This article will review the expression, mechanism and potential clinical application of miRNA27a in different malignant tumors.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between adiponectin gene SNP+45 polymorphism and coronary heart disease(CHD) in south China Han population.METHODS: The nondiabetic CHD patients diagnosed by the coronary angiography were selected as CHD subjects(153 cases),and 73 healthy adults served as normal control subjects.The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) was performed to identify the distribution pattern of adiponectin gene SNP+45 in all subjects.The levels of plasma adiponectin were measured by ELISA.RESULTS: The frequency of T/G + G/G genotype and G allele in CHD patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects(P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and trends of nosocomial infections of preterm infants in NICU and to explore their risk factors and strategies of infection control.METHODS A study was made among 1 026 hospitalized preterm infants from Jan 1992 to Dec 2004.RESULTS There were 316 times nosocomial infections in 266 preterm infants.Cumulative incidence rate for nosocomial infection was 25.9 neonates out of 100 admissions.The incidence density was 18.6 infections per 1000 patient days.The high risk factors for nosocomial infections included the parenteral nutrition,birth weight ≤1 500 g and mechanical ventilation(P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of clinical pharmacists participating in the implementation of clinical path-way under the condition of disease diagnosis related groups-prospective payment system(DRGs-PPS),and to provide reference for promoting rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:Patients with femoral neck fracture in the clinical pathway were collected from our hospital as research objects. The patient collected during Jan.-Dec. 2015 were included in control group(52 patients includ-ed,41 patients completed)and those collected during Jan.-Dec. 2016 were included in observation group(58 patients included,46 patients completed). Clinical pharmacists participated in the implementation of clinical pathway in observation group,and provided technological intervention and administrative intervention. No intervention was performed in control group. Hospitalization time, hospitalization cost,drug cost and ADR were observed in 2 groups. The rationality of antibiotics for prophylactic use,analgesic drugs,adjuvant drugs,anti-osteoporosis drugs and anticoagulant were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:After clinical pharma-cists participating in the implementation of clinical pathway in observation group,there was no statistical significance in hospitalization time or the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05); hospitalization cost and drug cost of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Medication time and cost of antibiotics for prophylactic use,cost of analgesic drugs,medication time of adjuvant drugs in observation group were significantly shorter/lower than control group;type of anti-osteoporosis drugs was significantly more than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Under DRGs-PPS,the participation of linical pharmacists participating in the implementation of femoral neck fracture clinical pathway can play an important role in regulating the clinical rational use of 5 kinds of drugs and ensuring the safety,effectiveness and econom-ics of drug use.

Objective To study the effects of anthocyanins on hepatic lipid accumulation and to explore the possible mechanisms. Method HepG2 cells were treated with 1,10 and 100 ?mol/L cyanidin-3-0-?-glucoside (Cy-3-g) for 1h,carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I (CPT-I) protein level and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation,triglyceride,fatty acid oxidation,the activity of AMPK,AMPK and p-AMPK protein levels were evaluated. Results Compared with the control,the treatment of HepG2 with 1,10,100 ?mol/L Cy-3-g resulted in significant decrease of intracellular triglyceride,and significant increase of CPT-I protein,and AMPK activity and phosphorylation. However,there were no differences in AMPK protein level among all groups. The treatment of 100?mol/L Cy-3-g promoted the fatty acid oxidation in HepG2. The treatment of 10,100 ?mol/L Cy-3-g significantly increased ACC phosphorylation. Conclusion Anthocyanin Cy-3-g could attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2. The mechanism may result from the regulation of the AMPK-ACC-CPT-I signal pathway and promotion of fatty acid oxidation.