The General Rules of the Civil Law of the People′s Republic of China(hereinafter the General Rules)shall officially come into effect as of July 1 of 2017.In this consideration,the paper probed into the legal attributes of the doctor-patient relationship in China in view of the relationship management in line with the General Rules.Also analyzed are the basic principles to be observed by both parties as regulated by the General Rules and patient rights protection.These efforts aim at elevating China′s medical service,protecting legitimate rights of both parties,and encourage a healthy and harmonious doctor-patient relationship.

[Objective] To observe the effects of Changyanqing, a Chinese prescription with the actions of regulating qi and activating blood, strengthening spleen-qi and clearing away heat, on ulcerative colitis (UC) and to explore its therapeutic mechanism . [ Methods ] Forty mice were randomized into Changyanqing group ( Group A ), salicylazosulfapyridine group (Group B), Changyanqing and salicylazosulfapyridine (Group C) and model group (Group D). Mouse models with UC were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Effects of Changyanqing on disease activity index (DAI) and intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO) content were observed. [Results] Changyanqing reduced DAI and MPO activity and its effect was similar to that of salicylazosulfapyridine. [ Conclusion ] Changyanqing exerts a better effect in treating DSS-induced UC and one of its therapeutic mechanisms may be related to the reduction of MPO activity.

Objective To explore the way to reduce the absorption of irrigating fluid during PCNL. Methods The amount of absorbed fluid during PCNL in 20 cases (13 males and 7 females)was monitored by ethanol method. The average age was 40 years old. The maximum diameter of calculi by average was 25 mm. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were monitored during operation.Haemoglobin concentration, serum Na+, K+, Cl-, carbon dioxide-combining power and serum creatinine were measured before and after operation. The amount of irrigating fluid, the duration of operation, and the intrapelvic pressure were recorded. Results The absorbed volume of irrigating fluid in 20 cases was from 50. 2 to 685.0 ml. There was no significant difference in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, serum Na+ , K+ , Cl- and serum creatinine between pre-operation and post-operation(P>0.05), but the postoperative haemoglobin concentration (130.4±16.3 g/L) and carbon dioxide-combining power (24.1±3.2 mmol/L) were lower than that before operation( 142.6±15.6 g/L,26.4±2.0 mmol/L), the differences were significant (P<0. 05). The mean volume of absorbed irrigating fluid in patients with the cumutative time of the intrapelvic pressure higher than 30 mm Hg >10 min,the duration of operation >1 h, or the amount of irrigating fluid >10000 ml was 381. 1, 301.6,261.6 ml respectively, which was higher than that in the other cases (142.9, 136.4, 130.2 mi), the differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The ethanol method is simple, convinent,safe, valid, and is suitable for patients with compromised cardiorespiratory or renal function, who are more likely to develop volume overload because of fluid absorption.

Objective:To study the surgical approach to the orbital floor and infraorbital rim.Method:15 cases of fractures of the orbital floor and infraorbital rim were treated with the transconjunctival approach.Result:All fractures of the orbital floor and infraorbital rim were repositioned and fixed through transconjunctival approach. Except for 1 case with mild canthal malposition, no other complication was observed.Conclusion:The transconjunctival approach can provide adequate exposure of the infraorbital rim and orbital floor without scar formation in the face.

Objective To investigate the change of HepG2 liver tumor perfusion after microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation treatment and observe the related pathological injury.Methods Twenty eight Balb/c(nu/nu) nude mice transplanted subcutaneous HepG2 tumor were divided into three groups randomly,including the microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation group,the ultrasound group and the sham group.Microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation treatment was performed by 0.1 ml microbubbles intravenous injection combined with pulse ultrasound emission in experimental group,while in control groups only ultrasound exposure or microbubble injection were applied.The perfusion of tumors was imaged using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography before and after treatments.Time-intensity curve and peak intensity were analyzed.The tumors were then harvested for histological examination.Results The perfusion of HepG2 tumors almost vanished immediately after treatment in experimental group,with the peak intensity reduced from (26.9 ± 10.9)％ to(8.2 ± 5.8)％ (P ＜0.05).There was no significant changes before and after treatments (P ＞ 0.05) in the two control groups.Histological findings were disruption of the endothelia,significant hemorrhage and increased intercellular fluid.Conclusions Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound cavitation can significantly reduce tumor blood perfusion and disrupt tumor vascularture.This new ultrasound therapy can potentially become a new physical anti-angiogenetic therapy for liver tumor.

This paper is to investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning on cardiac function in the hyperlipidemic rats.The alterations of LVSP,(d p /d t ) max , GSH Px, SOD and MDA were measured in ischemia/reperfusion group, ischemic preconditoning group and control group with in vitro myocardial ischemic precondioning model. The level of LVSP, (d p /d t ) max , GSH Px and SOD was significantly higher in the preconditoning group than that in the ischemia/reperfusion group, and these values were close to those in the control group. The area of contraction component in P cycle was higher and the amount of MDA was lower, whereas the level of LVSP, (d p /d t ) max declined significantly in ischemia/reperfusion group.It is suggested that ischemic preconditoning in hyperlipidemic rats can reduce cardiac functional impairment due to ischemia/reperfusion injury, and may have myocardial protective effects.

Objective To evalute perioperative whole course cerebral protection for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) Methods From 2002 to 2004, 20 patients received CEA in our hospital using whole course perioperative cerebral protection Preoperatively carotid angiography was performed in only one patient, while Doppler ultrasonography and CTA were applied to all patients Measures of intraoperative cerebral protection included general anaesthesia, selective shunting, and transcranial Doppler monitoring (TCD), followed by postoperative delayed removal of tracheal cannula, brain ice bag, maintaining blood pressure and appropriate use of diuretics under the guidance of TCD Results Shunt was used in 7 cases (35%), 15 patients (85%) underwent patch angioplasty There were no postoperative cranial nerves related complications Mortality was 0% Conclusion Perioperative whole course cerebral protection could effectively decrease postoperative cranial nerves related complications in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy

Objective To study the cell death in macrophages (THP-1) stimulated with different agonists (H37Rv-PPD or BCG-PPD) and to investigate the relationship between Toll like receptor (TLR)-2 and THP-1 apoptosis. Methods H37Rv-PPD and BCG-PPD were used to stimulate THP-1 cells for 3 h, 8 h, 15 h and 24 h, respectively with or without TLR-2 blockade. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect the TLR-2 expression. Annexin V staining and Hochest staining were performed to evaluate apoptosis. Results The apoptosis cells were increased when stimulated with BCG-PPD and the percentage was 30.2% at 24 h, which were confirmed by Hochest staining.However, the expression of TLR-2 did not increase simultaneously with percentage of 8.8% at 24 h.Nevertheless, most cells presented with necrosis form when stimulated with H37Rv-PPD and the expression of TLR-2 remained at high level with the percentage of 17.2% at 24 h, while the percent of apoptosis rate was only 7.7%. Under treatment of TLR-2 antibodies, the percentage of apoptosis decreased to 10.5% at 24 h of BCG-PPD stimulation and TLR-2 expressions were down-regulated to less than 3% at all time points; but after H37Rv-PPD stimulation, the percentage of apoptosis and TLR-2 expression did not changed obviously. Conclusions The attenuated BCG-PPD induces THP-1 apoptosis predominately, which is partially correlated with TLR-2 expression. While virulent H37Rv-PPD induces THP-1 necrosis predominately.

Objective To construct and implement the nursing quality information feedback system based on QUACERS model and control theory, and discuss its application effect and the problems that should be paid attention to and to provide operational cases and practical basis for nursing quality management. Methods Through literature review and expert consultation, the framework and content of nursing quality information feedback system were set up and implemented. The changes of the nursing quality and the repeated occurrence of nursing problems were evaluated before (2013) and after (2015) the implementation of this project. And in December 2015, a self-made questionnaire was conducted among the nurses in the hospital to evaluate the importance of the feedback and it′s effect of improving the nursing quality. And evaluate the timeliness and effectiveness of different feedback forms. Results 1 120 and 1 136 nurses were followed-up in 2013 and 2015 respectively. The scores of human resource management, clinical nursing service and nursing safety management were higher than before, and the repeated occurrence of nursing problems was lower than before. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, 438 copies were collected, the effective recovery rate was 97.33%. Ratings for the importance of each item was from 3.37 to 4.57. Ratings for the effect of improving the quality of care was 3.79 to 4.39. The percentage of quality information received by nurses was more than 95%, and the average score of feedback timeliness was 4.29 to 4.53. Conclusions Quality information feedback system based on QUACERS model can cover multiple dimensions of quality management, and it was conducive to obtaining comprehensive information;Combined with multiple feedback forms can improve the effect of information feedback.

0.05). Conclusion It seems that LTA gene polymorphism has no significant correlation with the risk of osteoporosis in patients suffering from COPD.