Objective:TO explore the effectiveness of splenic tissue autotransplantation in restoring host defense. Methods: Rabbits were divided into three groups,Sham Operation(SO), Splenic Autotransplantation(SA)and Total Splenectomy(TS), and dynamic changes in histology and immunology were observed for over 24 weeks. Results: Histologic study shows that the white pulps were poorly developed and central arterioles disappeared in the regenerated splenic tissue. The weight of regenerated spleens recovered six months later in SA was 11% of that in SO, and was significantly reduced comparing with the implanted weight( P ＜0.05). Tere were no significant difference in the number of T lymphocytes and the levels of serum lysozyme among the three groups. A poor antibody response by the rabbits of SA and TS as compared to those of SO was noted after the primary intravenous administration with sheep red blood cells. After the challenge with type 3 pneumococci intravenously, pneumococcal clearance from bloodstream in SA did not differ significantly from that in TS,but was marKedly delayed compared with that in SO(P＜0.01). Conclusion: The results indicate that the low quantity and poor quality of the regenerated spleens may contribute to the inferior immunoprotective ability of 1/3 splenic autotransplantation. Therefore, it implies that the regenerated spleens can not fully compensate the original one in im-munology, especially, host resistance to infection.

Objective To identify the expression pattern of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in NK/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL) cell lines and to investigate the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in regulation of cell migration and invasion.Methods RT-PCR and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R.Transwell assay was applied to observe the effects of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling and downstream kinases activities on cell migration and invasion.Concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were quantified by ELISA.Results Co-expression of IGF-1 and its receptor IGF-1R were identified in two NK/TCL cell lines,SNK-1 and SNK-6,while normal NK cells lack the IGF-1R expression.IGF-1R inhibitors significantly reduced SNK-1 and SNK-6 cells migration and invasion rates.Exogenous IGF-1 promoted both cell lines migration and invasion,but these effects were both blocked by IGF-1R inhibitors.Inhibition of AKT,p38 and JNK,the possible IGF-1R downstream kinases,reduced cell migration rates.Further more,exogenous IGF-1 significantly increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion,while decreased secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were observed when IGF-1R inhibitors were applied.Conclusion An autocrine IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling loop is aberrantly expressed on NK/TCL cells and the autocrine loop significantly promotes cell migration and invasion through activation of p38,PI3K and JNK signaling and enhances secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Hongkong pediatric specialist training had successful experiences in the last twenty years.Hongkong hospital authority and Hongkong college of pediatricians managed pediatric specialist training together and made a series of regulations,which have strict training rotation requirements.Training hospitals all need to obtain the authentication including basic training,higher training and overseas training agencies.After 6 years strict training,the trainees have strong pediatric basic theories,procedure abilities,evidence-based practice and team work spirit.In short,the experiences of Hongkong pediatric specialist training is deserved to be learned by the standard training of pediatric resident in mainland China.

BACKGROUND:There is controversy on the treatment of old femoral neck fracture with hemiarthroplasty.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effect of cementless hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of old femoral neck fracture, and to compare with total hip arthroplasty.
METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 23 old femoral neck fracture patients treated by artificial joint replacement from January 2009 to June 2010. Among the 23 patients, 11 cases were treated with cementless hemiarthroplasty, and 12 cases were treated with total hip arthroplasty. The time for off-bed activity, Harris score and the incidence of perioperative complications were compared between cementless total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the patients were fol owed-up for 12-18 months. The active straight leg raising angle, time for off-bed activity, incidence of early postoperative complications and Harris score at 1 week after treatment of the cementless hemiarthroplasty group were better than those of the total hip arthroplasty group;there were no significant differences in Harris score at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months between two groups;the incidence of forward hip pain of the cementless hemiarthroplasty group was higher than that of the total hip arthroplasty group. So, we general y think that cementless hemiarthroplasty has better short-term effect in the treatment of old femoral neck fracture, but the long-term integrated efficacy needs to be further identified.

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Pipeline embolization device (PED) in treatment of intracranial complex aneurysms. Methods: Clinical data of 11 patients with intracranial complex aneurysms treated with PED were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Twelve PED were implanted in 11 patients with 12 aneurysms. Ten patients were implanted 1 PED and 1 patient with 2 PED, 3 aneurysms were implanted PED alone, 9 aneurysms underwent PED combined with coil embolization. Cerebral angiography immediately after operation showed that contrast agent was detained in aneurysm and PED adhered well to the wall, completely covered the neck of aneurysms and the artery with aneurysm was unobstructed. One patient had a local acute cerebral infarction after operation and recovered after treatment. Postoperative follow-up time was 6-9 months, the median follow-up time was 7.5 months. The symptoms significantly relieved or disappeared, no obvious complication occurred, and the occlusion rate of aneurysm was 75.00% (9/12). According to O'kelly-Marotta (OKM) grating, there was no aneurysm in grade A, 1 of grade B, 2 of grade C and 9 of grade D. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) were 0 score in 10 patients and 1 score in 1 patient. Conclusion: Treatment of intracranial complex aneurysms with PED has good effect and safety.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; Fanconi Syndrome ; Humans ; Organophosphonates

Objective To screen for genomic copy number variants(CNVs)in six neonates with Pierre Robin sequence(PRS)by Affymetrix 2.7 M chip to identify possible loci related to PRS.Methods Six neonates with PRS admitted into the Department of Neonatology,Children's Hospital of Fudan University from June 2009 to May 2010 were enrolled in this study.CNVs were detected by Cytogenetic Whole Genome 2.7 M array.Rare CNVs with potential clinical significance that deletion segments' size ＞50 kb and duplication segments' size ＞200 kb were selected based on the analysis of Chromosome Analysis Suite(ChAS)software,false positive CNVs and segments of normal population were excluded.The identified CNVs were compared with those in relative published literatures.Results(1)Among 6 PRS patients,two patients had facial deformation,two had congenital heart defects,one had congenital dysplasia of the laryngeal cartilage and one had choroidal space occupying lesion.(2)Seven rare CNVs whose size from 51-11 956 kb were identified in four neonates,including a 739 kb duplication on lp26.23-p36.22,a 6273 kb deletion on lq43-44,a 51 kb and a 55 kb deletions on 14q32.31,a 1022 kb duplication on 14q11.1-11.2,a 11 956 kb duplication on 20p13 and a 105 kb deletion on 4q23.3.(3)Published literatures showed that deletions of 1q43-44 and 14q32.31 might relate to micro/retrognathia and abnormal palate.Region of chromosome 1q43-q44 contained AKT3 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U(hnRNPU)genes,and the haploinsufficiency of AKT3 and hnRNPU genes might cause developmental human microcephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum,speech delay and seizures respectively.Region of chromosome 14q32.31 contained some C/D small nucleolar RNA,and the human imprinted 14q32 domain shared common genomic features with the imprinted 15q11-q13 loci.Conclusions This study established a method to discover whole genome CNVs in identifying novel submicroscopic deletions and duplications.Reviewing of published literatures suggested that deletions of chromosome 1q43-q44 and 14q32.31 might cause Pierre Robin sequence.

[Objective]To explore the effect and the possible mechanism of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 on acute T lympho?blastic leukemia cells.[Methods]The influence of different concentrations of MG132 in the viability and proliferation of CCRF-CEM was measured by MTS. Apoptosis rates of CCRF-CEM treated by MG132 were determined by flow cytometry. After being exposed to MG132,the protein levels of FOXO3a in cytoplasm and nucleus were analyzed by Western blotting. qRT-PCR was applied to detect the mRNA of FOXO3a and Puma in cells treated by MG132. Then CCRF-CEM was stably transfected with antisense FOXO3a using Lentivirus infection. We further investigated the effects of MG132 in FOXO3a-shRNA cells and elucidated the mechanisms of FOXO3a and Puma.[Results]MG132 inhibits the proliferation of CCRF-CEM,but has no cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononu?clear cells(PBMC). Cellular apoptosis was induced in cells treated with MG132. At mRNA level,MG132 had no influence on FOXO3a,but increased the expression of Puma. However,MG132 promoted the expression of both FOXO3a and Puma at protein level. Interestingly,the expression of FOXO3a increased very little in cytoplasm. In FOXO3a-shRNA cells the expression of FOXO3a and Puma decreased at protein level. FOXO3a's knockdown attenuated the proliferation inhibition mediated by MG132.[Conclusion]MG132 inhibits the proliferation and promotes to apoptosis of CCRF-CEM. One of the mechanism is that MG132 inhib? its the degradation of FOXO3a,and then activates FOXO3a/Puma pathway.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection in Department of Neurosurgery and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of infection.Methods A total of 931 patients with neurosurgery operation in our hospital from January 2012-January 2016 were collected medical history data immediately after admission,including age,gender,underlying diseases,and primary diseases.Surgical records include preoperative white blood cell count,blood glucose level before operation,duration of operation,and reoperation.Hospitalization records include hospitalization time,without the use of corticosteroids,with or without the use of proton there is no pump inhibitor,and tracheal intubation / incision.Patients were divided into infection group and non infection group according to whether the hospital infection occurred during hospitalization.The difference of two groups of clinical data with statistically significant variables was Logistic multivariate regression analysis.Results There were 112 patients with nosocomial infection,the infection rate was 12.03％,and the infection occurred in the postoperative 3-25 d.The main infection site was postoperative wound,accounting for 35.7％;respiratory tract,accounting for 34.8％.There were 64 strains of pathogenic bacteria,81 strains of Gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 64.1％,21 strains of gram positive bacteria,accounting for 32.8％,2 strains of fungi,accounting for 3.1％.There were significant difference between infection group and non infection group in ≥ 60 years,with basic diseases,reoperation,combined with other injuries,white blood cells,abnormal preoperative hyperglycemia,glucocorticoid use,proton pump inhibitors use,tracheotomy,hospitalization time,operation time (P ＜ 0.05).Further Logisitc regression analysis showed that age,reoperation,hospitalization time,preoperative high blood sugar and tracheotomy were the risk factors of nosocomial infection in Department of neurosurgery.Conclusions For the older,reoperation,longer hospitalization time,preoperative hyperglycemia and tracheotomy patients can take specific measures to improve the immunity of the patients,the rational use of antimicrobial drugs to avoid the occurrence of postoperative infection.

Objective To analyze the expression feature and function of microRNAs in exosomes secreted by leukemia cells (LCEX). Methods The mice leukemia cell line L1210 was taken as the example, and LCEXL1210 was obtained by isolating supernate of L1210 cells through density gradient centrifugation. MicroRNAs isolated from LCEXL1210 were analyzed by microarray analysis, compared with miRNA from L1210 cell line, and then some of miRNAs with different expression were verified by real-time PCR and were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) database. Results The number of miRNAs identified in LCEXL1210 was 1 044, and that in L1210 cell line was 872. The number of shared miRNAs between LCEXL1210 and L1210 cell line was 732, accounting for 70.1 % of LCEXL1210 and 83.9 % of L1210 cell line, respectively, which indicated that 70 % of LCEXL1210 was derived from the parental cells. Interestingly, 312 miRNAs in LCEXL1210 were found to be underrepresented in the parental cells, indicating their specificity in LCEXL1210. Some miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in LCEXL1210 compared with those in L1210 cell line, including miR-16-1, miR-210, miR-195 and so on, which showed that miRNAs isolated from LCEXL1210 were differentially expressed with those from the parental cells. Some differentially expressed miRNAs from LCEXL1210 were verified by real-time PCR, and then were analyzed by GO database, which demonstrated that these highly expressed miRNAs participated in the processes of various biological function and signal transduction. Conclusions MiRNAs isolated from LCEXL1210 show a high similarity to miRNAs isolated from L1210 cells, whereas of which one-third are specific. The highly expressed miRNAs participate in the processes of various biological function and signal transduction.