Objective To investigate the laboratory ifndings, clinical manifestations and treatment in hemolytic disease caused by red cell immune antibodies in neonates. Methods The laboratory and clinical data from 4 cases of hemolytic disease of neonates caused by red cell immune antibodies were retrospectively analyzed. Results IgG antibody were detected in all mothers of 4 cases during pregnancy and they were anti-E, anti-D, anti-Jkb and the autoantibody with the titer being 16, 2048, 1 and 16 respectively. The four neonates were all full-term. The jaundice appeared 6 h to 3 d after birth with varying degrees of skin stained yellow, with or without anemia. Serology and elution test found the existence of antibody same as the one on their maternal red cells and the titer was 4, 512, 0, and 2, respectively. All neonates were treated by phototherapy. Two servere cases were also treated by whole blood exchange and red blood cells transfusion. The prognosis were good in all neonates. Conclusions Prenatal immune hematological tests facilitated early detection of irregular erythrocyte antibodies and thus assessment of the risk of hemolytic dis-ease of the fetus and neonates.

Objective To investigate the role of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-310 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each): sham operation group (group S); global cerebral I/R group (group I/R); normal saline group (group NS) and specific ASIC blocker amiloride group (group A). Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of 3 vessels ( 10 min occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and basilar artery) followed by reperfusion. In group NS and A, NS 6 ml/kg and amiloride 0.6 mg/kg were injected through femoral vein immediately before reperfusion respectively. Six rats in each group were selected, the dialysate in CA1 area was collected before ischemia (baseline), immediately after ischemia and during 20 min reperfusion (once every 10 min) for determination of lactate concentrations. The left 6 rats in each group were elected at 8 h of reperfusion and the open field test and inclined plane test were peeformed to assess neurological behavior.The rats were then sacrificed and brain tissues taken for microscopic examination and brain water content was calculated. Results Compared with group S, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly increased and neurological deficits developed in group I/R and NS (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly decreased and neurological deficits were improved in group A ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in group NS ( P ＞ 0.05). Microscopic examination showed that the damage to the brain tissues was attenuated in group A compared with group I/R. Conclusion ASICs are involved in the development of global cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Objective To provide scientific support for the prevention and control of expressway traffic injury by analyzing the epidemiological features of expressway traffic injury in China.Methods The secular trend and epidemiologic features of expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 in China were analyzed.The indicators including mortality of mileage,accident rate of mileage,and accident mortality were used to evaluate the severity of expressway traffic injury in China.Cluster analysis was used to compare the differences of accident rate of mileage and accident mortality from 29 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.Results Except for the yearly increase of the accident mortality and the fluctuant decrease of the mortality and accident rate of mileage,other indicators reflecting the domestic expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 were increased and then decreased,when the decreased indicators were still higher than those in 1994.In addition to the number of accidents of the four basic traffic injury indicators,the proportions of other three indicators(number of wounded and death,direct property damage)in the road traffic injury were increased year by year and the increase was the most obvious in regard of the direct property damage which had accounted for more than 30％ since 2006.The data from 2007 to 2009 showed that the peak time of traffic accidents was at around 4:00 am and around 4:00 pm.The traffic accidents caused by the drivers accounted for 93.02％ and the drivers with less than five years of driving accounted for 40.92％.Pedestrians and passengers were vulnerable to the expressway traffic injury and the accident mortality was the highest(72.75 per 100 accidents).Rear collision(44.17％)and bumping the fixed objects(16.35％)were the major accident types.There was a high accident proportion on the dry road(77.60％)and sunshine day(65.39％).Conclusions With worsening situation of the expressway traffic injury in China,we should,based on the epidemiological features of traffic injury on expressway,take appropriate measures such as strengthening traffic management of expressway and education of road users and improving the emergency medical service level.

Objective To investigate the clinical and laboratory diagnosis in a rare case with dwarifsm and multisystem abnormalities. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed and data was processed using high-throughput data analysis pipeline. Genetic test result is veriifed by Sanger sequencing. Results This is a 14-year-old boy with short stature (the height is 132 cm) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. He was treated with long-term oral prednisone. Head CT from other hospital found multiple calciifcations on both sides of the basal ganglia, two sides of the frontal lobe, and the left side of parietal lobe. Lateral spinal X-ray photography showed lfat in thoracolumbar vertebral body. Valgus was surgically corrected. He also has facial pigmentation spot and onychomycosis. Whole-exome sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing identiifed a known homozygous pathogenic mutation in ACP 5 genes (c. 643 G>A, p.G 215 R). Identiifcation of such a mutation results in the diagnosis of spondylo enchondrody splasia with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI). Conclusions Whole-exome sequencing is one of the effective methods for detection of rare disease, the SPENCDI case reported here is a good example of it.

Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic low potassium on K+uptake rate in the my?ocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits. Methods Thirty?two adult male rabbits, aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 2?0-2?7 kg, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table:normal feeding group ( group N) , low potassium feeding group ( group L) , potassium supplementation con?trol group ( group SC ) and potassium supplementation experimental group ( group SE ) . N and SC groups were given a normal diet only, and L and SE groups were fed with a low potassium diet for 15 days. Potassi?um chloride ( KCl) 0?5 mol∕L was then infused intravenously at the initial rate of 60 μmol·kg-1 ·min-1 in SE and SC groups. Blood samples were obtained from the central artery of the left ear every 5 min for meas?urement of plasma K+ concentrations. The infusion rat of KCl was then adjusted until the plasma K+concen?tration reached 5?5 mmol∕L and maintained at this level for 1 h, and then infusion was stopped. The total volume of KCl infused was recorded. The hearts and soleus muscle of animals were excised for determination of K+content. K+uptake and uptake rate were calculated. Results Compared with N group, the plasma K+concentration, and K+content in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly decreased in group L ( P<0?05) . Compared with SC group, the total volume of KCl infused, and K+uptake and uptake rate in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly increased in group SE ( P<0?05) . Conclusion Chro?nic hypokalaemia can increase K+ uptake rate in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits.

Objective: : To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression (MVD) combined with internal neurolysis (IN) in the treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after MVD. Methods: : Sixty-four patients with recurrent TN admitted to the hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were divided into two groups according to the surgical method. Twenty-nine patients, admitted from January 2014 to December 2015, were treated with MVD alone, whereas 35 admitted from January 2016 to December 2017 were treated with MVD+IN. The postoperative efficacy, complications, and pain recurrence rate of the two groups were analyzed. Results: : The efficacy of the MVD+IN and MVD groups were 88.6% and 86.2%, and the cure rates were 77.1% and 65.5% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). The cure rate (83.3%) of patients in the MVD+IN group, who were only found thickened arachnoid adhesions during the operation that could not be fully released, was significantly higher than that of the MVD group (30.0%) (p<0.05), while the efficacy (91.7% vs. 70%) of the two groups was not statistically different (p>0.05). For patients whose arachnoid adhesions were completely released, there had no significant difference (p>0.05) in the efficacy (87% vs. 94.7%) and recurrence rate (5.0% vs. 11.1%). The incidence of postoperative facial numbness (88.6%) in the MVD+IN group was higher than that in the MVD group (10.3%) (p<0.01). The long-term incidence of facial numbness was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the 18–36 months follow-up, the recurrence rate of patients in the MVD+IN group (9.7%) and in the MVD group (16%) were not statistically different (p>0.05). Conclusion : A retrospective comparison of patients with recurrent TN showed that both MVD and MVD combined with IN can effectively treat recurrent TN. Compared with MVD alone, MVD combined with IN can effectively improve the pain cure rate of patients with recurrent TN who have only severe arachnoid adhesions. The combination does not increase the incidence of long-term facial numbness and other complications.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of T 1 mapping/indexed extracellular volume fraction (iECV) quantified with cardiac MR (CMR) parameters, and its correlation with traditional indicators of myocardial dysfunction in aortic insufficiency (AI) patients. Methods:A total of 36 patients clinically and radiologically diagnosed with chronic AI in our hospital between May 2012 and February 2016 were retrospectively selected. All AI patients underwent conventional CMR protocol, native and post T 1 mapping. CMR parameters, such as aortic regurgitant fraction (RF), late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) mass fraction, myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and iECV. Based on the values of aortic RF, AI patients were divided into mild AI group (9 cases), moderate AI group (14 cases) and severe AI group (13 cases). The clinical characteristics were teased from the patients′ electronic medical records. Univariate analysis of variance was used to compare the measurement data of native T 1 mapping, post-contrast T 1 mapping, ECV, and iECV. LSD test was used for pair wise comparison between the mild AI, moderate AI and severe AI groups. Data about cardiovascular history, New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart function classification, and LGE were compared by chi-square test or Fisher exact test. The correlation between left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and iECV was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis. Results:There was no difference in age, sex, cardiovascular history among the three groups. Comparison of patients with different severity of AI in the three groups: (1) There was statistically significant difference in the LGE positive rate among the three groups ( P=0.023), while the myocardial replacement of fibrosis increased with the grade of aortic regurgitation. (2) There was no statistically significant difference in the measurement data of native T 1 mapping, post-contrast T 1 mapping, ECV among the three groups ( H=1.815, 0.929, 2.496, all P values>0.05), while the diffuse myocardial fibrosis tended to increase with the degree of aortic regurgitation. There was statistically significant difference in iECV among the three groups ( H=16.725, P<0.001). The measurement data of iECV in the severe AI group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups ( P<0.05). LVEF value was inversely correlated with iECV ( r=-0.649, P<0.001). Conclusions:Quantitative T 1 mapping/iECV can serve as a parameter to noninvasively identify diffuse myocardial fibrosis in AI patients of different severities. It changes with LVEF and can manifest the reversible stage of left ventricular decompensation.

Objective To discuss the necessity of closing the peritoneum during the operation of ileal conduit after the radical cystectomy.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 395 patients with bladder cancer who received radical cystectomy from Jan.2014 to Sep.2016.The amount of male was 327,female was 68.The mean age was (65.8 ± 9.7) years old.Patients were divided into four groups according to the surgical method of cystectomy and urinary diversion.In group A,patients,including 78 males and 9 females,were received open radical cysectomy (ORC) with extraperitoneal ileal conduit.The mean age was (67.8 ± 9.2) years old.In the preoperative clinical staging,66 cases were less than T2 and 21 cases were more than T2.Preoperative pathological grade in 83 cases and low grade in 4 cases.In group B,patients,including 31 males and 2 females,were accepted ORC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure.The mean age was (67.3 ± 8.7) years old.Preoperative clinical staging showed less than T2 in 25 cases,more than T2 in 8 cases,The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 33 cases.In group C,patients,including 112 males and 27 females,were accpeted LRC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure.The mean age was (64.3 ± 10.5)years old.The preoperative clinical staging showed less than T2 in 107 cases and more than T2 in 32 cases.The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 135 cases and low grade in 4 cases.In group D,patients,including 106 males and 30 females,were accepted RARC with ileal conduit without peritoneum closure.The mean age was (65.9 ±10.0)years old.Preoperative clinical staging showed less than T2 in 103 cases and more than T2 in 33 cases.The preoperative pathological grade showed high grade in 132 cases and low grade in 4 cases.Ileal conduit without peritoneum closure means completely open the peritoneum after anastomosis of the ureter and intestine in the urinary diversion surgery without shutting down the peritoneum,which is different from the extraperitoneal ileal conduit.The operating time,blood loss,blood transfusion rate,recovery time of intestinal function and perioperative complications and rate of hydronephrosis were analyzed.Results The 395 cases completed operation successfully,no LRC or RARC had been converted to ORC.The operative time was (280.1 ± 92.3) min,(233.6 ± 99.4) min,(304.8 ± 108.9) min,(364.6 ± 86.4) min in four groups,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The blood loss in four groups were (489.1 ± 285.6) ml,(431.8 ± 233.1) ml,(373.0 ±213.7) ml,(205.6 ± 137.8) ml,respectively (P ＜0.05).The transfusion rate in four groups were 18 (20.7％),16 (48.0％),15 (10.8％),14 (10.3％),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The mean time to flatus in four groups were (3.7 ±1.8)d,(3.6±1.0)d,(3.5±1.2)d,(2.2±1.7)d,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).While ileal obstruction rate had no statistical difference in four groups [group A 17 cases(19.5％),group B 6 cases(18.2％),group C 27 cases(19.4％),group D 19 cases(14.0％),P =0.678].Urine leakage,intestinal leakage,lymphocyst were only occurred in group A [7 cases (8.0％),2 cases (2.3％),2 cases (2.3％)].Pyelonephritis was noticed in each group,including 14 cases(16.1％)in group A,2 cases(6.1％)in group B,9 cases (6.5％)in group C,6 cases(4.4％)in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Hydronephrosis 6 months after surgery was observed in four groups,including 15 cases(17.2％)in group A,3 cases(9.1％)in group B,7 cases(5.0％)in group C,5 cases(3.7％)in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ileal conduit without peritoneum closure would not increase the incidence of complications,on the contrary,it would relieve the tension of anastomosis,and reduce the occurrence of complications such as urine leakage.

OBJECTIVETo observe depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and testosterone undecanoate (TU) injected at 8-week intervals for the suppression of spermatogenesis in healthy Chinese men.

METHODSAfter screening, 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled and randomly assigned to 3 dosage-groups (n = 10/group): 1000 mg TU (Group A), 1000 mg TU plus 150 mg DMPA (Group B), 1000 mg TU plus 300 mg DMPA (Group C). All dosages were given as intramuscular injections at 8-week intervals. The study consisted of an 8-week control (baseline) period, a 24-week treatment period and a 24-week recovery period.

RESULTSConsistent azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia was achieved and maintained in all the volunteers during the treatment period, except 2 in the mere TU group who experienced a "rebound" in sperm concentrations. An 8-week regimen of TU plus DMPA at both tested combination dosages effectively suppressed spermatogenesis to azoospermia. All volunteers tolerated the injections; no serious adverse effects were reported.

CONCLUSIONThe lower combined dosage is recommended for further testing in an expanded clinical trial or contraceptive efficacy study.

Adult ; Androgens ; pharmacology ; China ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; metabolism ; Male ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ; pharmacology ; Prospective Studies ; Sperm Count ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Testosterone ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology