Object To search for bioactive secondary metabolites from marine organisms, the marine sponge Cinachyrella australiensis was collected from Hainan Island, Southern China Sea to develop the efficient drug for human beings. Methods Silic gel flash chromatography in association with reverse phase semipreparative HPLC was performed for the isolation and purification of the ethanol extracts, and extensive spectroscopy including 2D NMR spectra as well as the comparison of the spectral data with those reported in literatures was applied for the structure elucidation. Results Seven nucleotidoids were isolated and identified. They are named as 2-methyl-6-amino-9-(2-deoxy-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-purine (Ⅰ), 2′-deoxyadenosne (Ⅱ), 6-amino-9-?-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-punne (Ⅲ), uracill (Ⅳ), thymine (Ⅴ), thymidine (Ⅵ), 1-(2-deoxy-?-D-ribofuranosyl) uracil (Ⅶ). Conclusion The sponge C. australiensis is systemically separated, and then two kinds of nucleotidoids compound are extracted.

The activity of interleukin-2(IL-2)and the expression of interleukin-2 receptors in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood were investigated in 15 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and in normal subjects who served as control.It was found that the IL-2 activity and IL-2R expression were significantly lower in the patients than in the normal control.and they decreased continously when the patients were receiving radiotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between sonographic features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC) and cervical lymph node metastasis.Methods Preoperative sonographic features of 379 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in 341 patients were retrospectively reviewed,and were divided into two groups,lymph node metastasis and lymph node non-metastasis according to pathology.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the sonographic features relevant to lymph node metastasis.Results Univariate analysis revealed that unclear border,microcalcification and multifocal PTMC were statistically significant(all P ＜0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that microcalcification and multifocal PTMC were statistically significant (both P ＜0.05).Conclusions Microcalcification and multifocal PTMC are closely relevant to cervical lymph node metastasis.

Objective To study the pathway of miR-221/222 in enhancing radiation resistance of glioblastoma.Methods After 2 Gy of X-ray irradiation,the expressions of miR-221/222 in U251,U87 and LN229 glioblastma cells were detected with real-time PCR.Clonogenic assay was used to measure the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma after knocking down miR-221/222.ChIP assay was used to identify the combination situation of c-jun and miR-221/222.Luciferase assay was applied to check whether PTEN was a target of miR-221/222.Western blot was used to detect the expression of relevant proteins in the glioblastoma cells after knocking down miR-221/222.The effect of miR-221/222 and irradiation on growth of glioblastoma in nude mice was also observed.Results The expression of miR-221/222 was increased by irradiation(t =5.48 ～29.21,P ＜ 0.05) and the radiosensitivity of anti-miR-221/222-transfected cells was alsoincreased(F=1 202.22,1 789.12,1 012.32,P＜0.05).MiR-221/ 222 was transcriptionally regulated by c-jun with a target of PTEN (t =13.16,P ＜ 0.05).When miR-221/222 was knocked-down,the expression of pAkt and DNA-PKcs were down-regulated while PTEN and GSK-3β were up-regulated,and the expression of Akt were not changed.Moreover,the growth of xenograft tumor was significantly inhibited by the combination treatment of anti-miR-221/222 and irradiation(F =56.36,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of miR-221/222 in glioblastoma cells can be increased by irradiation,and the activation of Akt pathway downstream miR-221/222 could enhance the radiation resistance of glioblastoma.

Objective To conduct a systematic review with evidence collected from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of domestic and overseas acupuncture for nervous tinnitus. Methods RCTs were searched in several databases i.e. CNKI, VIP, CBM and PubMed, using the keywords of acupuncture and tinnitus. The efficacy and methodologies were evaluated using meta-analysis by RevMan5.0. Efficacy indexes i.e. recovery rate, significant efficiency rate, total effective rate of acupuncture in treating nervous tinnitus were assessed using odds ratio (OR). Funnel plot was drawn to analyze publication bias. Begg’s rank test and Egger’s linear regression test were conducted to measure symmetry in funnel plot by using Stata 11.0. Results Fifteen RCTs involving 1082 patients met the inclusive criteria. The results of meta-analyses showed that recovery rate (OR=2.82, 95%CI 1.89 to 4.20), significant efficiency rate (OR=1.75, 95%CI 1.26 to 2.44), total effective rate (OR=3.68, 95%CI 2.62 to 5.16) were significantly higher in acupuncture group than control group. Begg’s rank test (P=0.350) and Egger’s linear regression test (P=0.887) showed partly symmetry in funnel plot with unfilled corner, which indicated that some degree of bias existed in the included studies. Conclusion According to the analysis results, acupuncture or acupuncture combining other therapies were superior to pure medication or non-acupuncture treatments. However, high-quality, large-sample, randomized, controlled trials seem to be needed to further confirm the efficacy of acupuncture, owing to the different standards and research methods, limited qualities of the included studies.

Objective To discuss the pathogenesis of the statin-induced rhabdomyolysis in renal transplant recipients.Methods We presented two renal transplant recipients who developed rhabdomyolysis in 2012 in our hospital.The clinical presentation,laboratory results,diagnosis and treatment of the two patients were analyzed retrospectively.The basic immunosuppressive agent of two patients was cyclosporine A.The recipients developed rhabdomyolysis following simvastatin lipidlowering therapy,and one patient suffered acute renal failure simultaneously.Acute tubular injury was confirmed by renal biopsy.Finally,the symptoms of the two patients were relieved completely,creatine kinase (CK) returned to normal after the satins discontinued and saline,sodium bicarbonate and diuretics were given.The renal failure patient underwent plasma exchange and CRRT,and the renal function returned to normal.Results The level of cyclosporine A should be monitored when the renal transplant patient was given statins,especially whose basic immunosuppressive agent was cyclosporine A.At the same time we should pay more attention to the symptoms of the myotoxic side effects and avoid using the drug which was also metabolized by CYP3A4.Conclusion Physicians should be aware of the potential risks of combined therapy of statins which are metabolized by P450CYP3A4 and cyclosporine A in transplant patients.If using it is advisable to begin with small dosage and monitor the CK level.

Objective To explore the specific brain regions involved in Chinese character radicals visualspatial processing,as well as to explore the relationship between visual-spatial identification and Chinese characters radicals identification.To provide an evidence for understanding the underlying neural mechanism of developmental dyslexic.Methods Twelve healthy Chinese fourth and fifth grade children(7 boys and 2 girls,aged from 10 to 11 years old)were chosen from a primary school in Guangzhou.The children were native Chinese speakers and right handed.The subjects participated in two fMRI experiments on a 3.0 T Siemens MR scanner.Two separate block-designed cognitive tasks were devised,one was figure directions judgement task and the other was Chinese characters radical identification task.A single-shot GE-EPI scan sequence were used for fMRI scans.The BOLD fMRI data were collected and were preprocessed and analyzed in SPM2.Results The subjects had longer reaction time during the two experiments tasks than in control states((879±127)ms vs(805±124)ms,P=0.029;(917±144)ms vs(750±101)ms,P＜0.01),and had same response accuracy in both tasks and control states((96±5)% vs(95±8)%,P=0.515;(89±10)% vs(96±6)%,P=0.130).In figure direction judgement experiment,activations were found in bilateral occipital,right superior parietal,right precuneus and right middle frontal cortices.However,different and more extensive regions including left superior parietal,left precuneus,left hippocampus,right thalamus,right caudate cortices and bilateral occipital cortices were involved in identifying the radicals of Chinese characters.Conclusion Right hemisphere was dominant in judging the figure direction,and left hemisphere is dominant in identifying radicals of Chinese characters.These fMRI results show light on underlying partial similar neurophysiological mechanism between judging figure directions and identifying Chinese character radicals.The visual-spatial ability may be essential for Chinese character radical identification.

To investigate the effects of cembrane-type diterpenes extracted from Sinularia flexibilis on the proliferation of PC12 cells and their protective effects on PC12 cells exposed to glutamate.

Objective To determine the value of liver analysis application in liver segmentation and planning of surgery.Methods Thirty patients suspected having hepatic disease were recruited in this study.Contrast-enhanced CT examinations were performed with Philips Brilliance 64-slice CT,and multi-phase images were obtained.The patients were divided into group B(with focal hepatic lesion,15 patients),and group A(without hepatic lesion,15 patients).We use the portal-venous(60-70 s)images to analysis.Liver volume and vessel recognition were edited manually if necessary,then liver segmentation proceeded automatically.All data were analyzed by the t test,chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U analysis,with SPSS 15.0 software.Results There was no significant difference of post-processing procedure between the two groups(P =0.361).The liver volume was(1374.61 ±444.05)cm3 in the group B and(1225.70±272.07)cm3 in the group A(P=0.108).The accuracy of vessel recognition was no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.87).21 vessels were recognized incorrectly include 18 hepatic veins.Conclusion The liver analysis application provides a 3D reconstruction allow vivid observation of liver segmentation and accurate estimation of the liver volume.It has broad prospect in diagnosing and surgical planning of the liver disease.