Anode is an important part of microbial fuel cell, its performance significantly affects the electricity generation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Nanomaterials have excellent properties, such as good conductivity and large surface area. Therefore, nanomaterials modified anode can effectively reduce the electrode resistance, increase the amount of microbial adhesion and improve the electricity generation of MFCs. In this paper, we introduced various nanomaterials modified anodes and summarized their effects on the output performance of MFCs. Finally, the prospect of modifying nanomaterials and technologies were discussed.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; Nanostructures

OBJECTIVETo study testing methods of seed quality, and provide a basis for establishing seed testing specification of Cyathula officinalis.

METHODReferring to the Specifications for Agricultural Seed Testing, the optimal testing methods of seed quality of C. officinalis were screened.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe testing method for C. officinalis seed quality has been initially established. At least 8 g seeds should be sampled and passed through 20-mesh sieve for purity analysis. The phenotypic observation and size measurement were used for authenticity testing. The seeds were inoculated directly on PDA medium, cultured 5 days on 28 degrees C for seed health testing. The weight of 1 000 seeds was determined by using the 500-seed method. The water content of the seeds was determined under the higher temperature (133 +/- 2) degrees C for 3 hours. The seeds were dipped into 0.1% TTC solution 3 hours for determining viability. The seeds were cultured on pleated paper at 25 degrees C for 2-9 days for germination testing.

Germination ; physiology ; Phenotype ; Plants, Medicinal ; embryology ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Temperature ; Water ; analysis

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with metastatic carcinoma of bone. Methods The clinical data of 217 patients with metastatic carcinoma of bone was retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features were summarized,including primary tumor,age distribution,first symptom,time of onset and bone metastatic site. Visual analogue scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the difference of pain in patients with bone metastases before and after zoledronic acid treatment. Results The bone metastasis occurred more frequently in men(male:female = 1.28:1). The majority of primary tumors were lung cancer(51.61％)and breast cancer (15.67％),respectively. The peak ages of the patients with metastatic carcinoma of bone were between 50 and 70 years old. Most of the patients with metastatic carcinoma of bone initially showed varying degrees of pain ,some of the patients with dysfunction,pathological fracture,or local lumps as the initial symptoms,only a tiny minority of patients were inadvertently found. Onset time was often within 3 months ,which accountings for 54.84％. Bone metastases were mostly in the spine,pelvis,femur and ribs,and most of the bone metastases were multiple. The VAS score of 108 patients who with bone metastases pain treated by zoledronic acid was 0～4(1.31 ± 1.07),with statistically significant differences compared with pretherapy(P<0.01). Conclusion In order to reduce the pain of patients,and to improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time,bone metastases should be diagnosed early and given comprehensive treatment.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is a highly promising bioelectrochemical technology and uses microorganisms as catalyst to convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy. Microorganisms in the anodic chamber of MFC oxidize the substrate and generate electrons. The electrons are absorbed by the anode and transported through an external circuit to the cathode for corresponding reduction. The flow of electrons is measured as current. This current is a linear measure of the activity of microorganisms. If a toxic event occurs, microbial activity will change, most likely decrease. Hence, fewer electrons are transported and current decreases as well. In this way, a microbial fuel cell-based biosensor provides a direct measure to detect toxicity for samples. This paper introduces the detection of antibiotics, heavy metals, organic pollutants and acid in MFCs. The existing problems and future application of MFCs are also analyzed.

Objective:By establishing the reference intervals of free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) of pregnant women in different pregnancy in Yangzhou, and analyzing the dynamic trends of each indicator, so as to provide a basis for timely and accurate diagnosis of thyroid disease during pregnancy, and promote prenatal and postnatal care. Methods:Clinical data of 3 726 healthy early (1 747 cases), middle (1 481 cases), and late (498 cases) pregnant women were collected from the Department of Perinatal and Health Care in Yangzhou Women and Children Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University Medical College from October 2017 to October 2018. At the same time, data of 407 non-pregnant women in the same period were collected as normal controls. The levels of serum FT 4, TSH and TPOAb in each stage of pregnancy were detected by Beckman automatic chemiluminescence analyzer. The reference interval was established by using the 95% reference value of the bilateral limit, and the differences of early, middle and late pregnancy were compared. Results:There were significant differences in FT 4 levels between early, middle and late stages of pregnancy ( H = 82.56, P < 0.01), with the early stage higher than the middle stage ( P < 0.01) and the middle stage higher than the late stage( P < 0.01). The difference of TSH levels was statistically significant ( H = 91.27, P < 0.01), in which the early stage was lower than the middle stage ( P < 0.01), and the middle stage was lower than the late stage ( P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in TPOAb levels ( H = 30.36, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the early stage and the middle stage ( P > 0.05), and the early and middle stages were higher than the late stage ( P < 0.01). The reference intervals of thyroid function index in different pregnancies were, early pregnancy: FT 4 8.28 - 15.66 pmol/L, TSH 0.11 - 4.23 mU/L, TPOAb 0.10 - 16.46 U/ml; middle pregnancy: FT 4 7.38 - 14.36 pmol/L, TSH 0.13 - 4.67 mU/L, TPOAb 0.10 - 18.97 U/ml; and late pregnancy: FT 4 6.33 - 11.39 pmol/L, TSH 0.40 - 3.96 mU/L, TPOAb 0.10 - 6.17 U/ml. Conclusions:There are significant differences in serum thyroid function indicators in different pregnant women. Establishing reference intervals of thyroid function indicators in different stages of pregnancy have important clinical significance for diagnosis of thyroid disease and eugenics.

Objective:To investigate the types, incidences, and clinical characteristics of shock in polytrauma patients at different stages after polytrauma.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on polytrauma patients admitted to multiple trauma centers from June 2020 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria were patients >18 years old and treated due to polytrauma. Exclusion criteria included an admission time of more than 48 h after trauma, a history of malignancy, or metabolic, consumptive, and immunological diseases. The early stage was defined as the period of ≤48 h after polytrauma, and the middle stage was defined as the period between 48 h and 14 days. The patient’s medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examination, injury severity score (ISS), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were collected. The types, incidences, and clinical characteristics of shock in different stages after polytrauma were analyzed, according to the diagnostic criteria of each type of shock. The differences between the groups were compared by Student’s t test, χ2 test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The incidence of the early and middle stage shock after polytrauma were 73.1% and 36.4%, respectively, with statistically significant difference between stages ( P<0.01). There were significant differences in the incidence of hypovolemic shock (83.6% vs. 28.4%), distributed shock (13.7% vs. 80.9%) and cardiogenic shock (3.5% vs. 6.6%) between stages (all P<0.05). The incidence of obstructive shock (8.4% vs. 9.7%, P>0.05) was similar between stages. The incidence of undifferentiated shock was 1.6% and 1.2%, respectively. There were 9.5% patients with multifactorial shock in the early stage and 14.4% in the middle stage. Totally 7 combinations of multifactorial shock were found in different stages after polytrauma. In the early stage, the combination of HS and DS accounted the highest ratio (42.3%) and followed by HS and OS for 28.8%. In the middle stage, the combination of HS and DS was the most common (48.6%) and followed by DS and OS (24.3%). Conclusions:The incidence of shock in polytrauma patients is high. Different types of shock can occur simultaneously or sequentially. Therefore a comprehensive resuscitation strategy is significant to improve the success rate of treatment.

ObjectiveTo analyze the polarized light microscopic characteristics， the composition of physical phases and their relative contents of Maifanitum from different origins， and to establish the Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum powder crystals by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. MethodA total of 26 batches of Maifanitum samples were selected， and the microscopic characteristics of the sample powders and grinding flakes were observed by polarized light microscopy under single polarized light and orthogonal polarized light， and the main phase compositions and their relative contents were analyzed by powder crystal XRD technique， and the XRD Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum was established. The incident light source of XRD was Cu target Kβ radiation， the light tube voltage and light tube current were 40 kV and 40 mA， respectively， the divergence slit was 1°， the scattering slit was 1°， the receiving slit was 0.2 mm， the scanning speed was 5°·min^-1 with continuous scanning and scanning range of 5-90°（2θ）， and the step length was 0.02°. ResultThe polarized light micrographs of powders and grinding flakes of Maifanitum were obtained， and the main phases were plagioclase， potassium feldspar and quartz， and a few samples also contained illite， pyrite， iron dolomite， calcite， iron amphibole and chlorite， etc. The relative total content of feldspar phases was 61.9%-82.4%， and the relative content of quartz was 12.6%-33.6%. The XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis method of Maifanitum with 13 common peaks as the characteristic fingerprint information was established， and the similarity calculated by the mean correlation coefficient method was 0.920 9-0.997 7， the similarity calculated by the mean angle cosine method was 0.940 5-0.998 4， the similarity calculated by the median correlation coefficient method was 0.921 1-0.997 5， and the similarity calculated by the median angle cosine method was 0.947 5-0.998 2. ConclusionThe polarized light microscopic identification characteristics of Maifanitum are mainly plagioclase， quartz and potassium feldspar， and the technique of powder crystal XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis can be used for the identification of Maifanitum.