Objective:To investigate the quantification of CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells and distribution of CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup in peripheral blood of patients in chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and to reveal relationship between CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells,CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup and HBV infetion as well.Methods:CD4~+CD25~(high),CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg and CD3~+CD4~+CD8~+T lymphocyte subgroup in peripheral blood from 50 patients with CHB and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using flow cytometry.HBV DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:The number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs in patients with CHB was obviously higher than that in healthy controls(P＜0.01)and increased with copies of HBV DNA.The same with the change of CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Tregs in patients with CHB and there was a positive correlation between CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs and CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Tregs(r=0.890,P＜0.001).Compared with healthy controls,the frequency of CD4~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in patients with CHB was declined,but there was no significant difference in the frequency of CD3~+T cells and CD8~+T cells between them(P＞0.05).The variation in the number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs was correlated positively with the copies of HBV DNA(r=0.782,P＜0.001)and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT)(r=0.432,P＜0.005)separately,but negatively with the frequency of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+(P＞0.05).The variation in the frequency of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ was also correlated negatively with the copies of HBV DNA(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs increases in patients with CHB and is in accordance with the copies of HBV DNA and increased level of ALT.Further studies should be done to investigate weather CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup could be used to monitor the state of community.

Natural articular cartilage is well known as a special connective tissue with multiple effects and functions, which are important and irreplaceable, in human synovial joints. Biomedical, histological and pathological characteristics of articular cartilage, as well as biomaterial, biomechanical and bio-tribological properties thereof, are summarized from a novel aspect of bionics. Bionic design of articualr cartilage at macro-level and micro-level is carried out from three aspects, i.e., structure, material, and function; and a bionic design model of articular cartilage is set up. As a result, this basic research would be helpful to providing theoretical and practical basis for innovational design and manufacturing of new-style artificial joint with "soft-cushion bearing", and of bionic artificial cartilage.
Biocompatible Materials ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cartilage, Articular ; physiology ; Computer-Aided Design ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis ; Prosthesis Design ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Objective To compare the anatomy of maxillary sinus in single maxillary posterior edentulous area and the contralateral side without loss of tooth,and to investigate the effect of tooth loss on the anatomy of maxillary sinus by cone-beam CT(CBCT).Methods A total of 128 patients with single unilateral single maxillary tooth loss were included in the study.CBCT was taken in these patients and the thickness of the maxillary lateral wall,mucosa thickness of sinus floor and sinus septa of the maxillary sinus were recorded and compared with the contralateral side.The bone height from the sinus floor to the ridge crest and the distance between maxillary sinus floor and the vascular anastomosis of maxillary lateral wall were analyzed.Results The thickness of maxillary sinus lateral wall and maxillary sinus mucosa were 1.59 (1.22),1.61(1.95) mm in the maxillary posterior edentulous area and significantly less than those of the contralateral side(1.76[1.10],1.91[2.23] mm)(P＜0.05),and the data was demonstrated using median(quartile range).The difference of the mean number of maxillary sinus septa between the two sides was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).There was a negative correlation between the bone height from the sinus floor to the ridge crest and the distance between maxillary sinus floor and the vascular anastomosis of maxillary lateral wall (r=-0.343,P＜0.01).Conclusions The changes of the thickness of lateral wall of maxillary sinus and maxillary sinus mucosa are closely related to tooth loss.The change of the number of maxillary sinus septa is not related to tooth loss.There is a negative correlation between the bone height from the sinus floor to the ridge crest and the distance between maxillary sinus floor and the vascular anastomosis of maxillary lateral wall.

Cranial defects may result from clinical brain tumor surgery or accidental trauma. The defect skulls require hand-designed skull implants to repair. The edge of the skull implant needs to be accurately matched to the boundary of the skull wound with various defects. For the manual design of cranial implants, it is time-consuming and technically demanding, and the accuracy is low. Therefore, an informer residual attention U-Net (IRA-Unet) for the automatic design of three-dimensional (3D) skull implants was proposed in this paper. Informer was applied from the field of natural language processing to the field of computer vision for attention extraction. Informer attention can extract attention and make the model focus more on the location of the skull defect. Informer attention can also reduce the computation and parameter count from N ² to log( N). Furthermore,the informer residual attention is constructed. The informer attention and the residual are combined and placed in the position of the model close to the output layer. Thus, the model can select and synthesize the global receptive field and local information to improve the model accuracy and speed up the model convergence. In this paper, the open data set of the AutoImplant 2020 was used for training and testing, and the effects of direct and indirect acquisition of skull implants on the results were compared and analyzed in the experimental part. The experimental results show that the performance of the model is robust on the test set of 110 cases fromAutoImplant 2020. The Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance are 0.940 4 and 3.686 6, respectively. The proposed model reduces the resources required to run the model while maintaining the accuracy of the cranial implant shape, and effectively assists the surgeon in automating the design of efficient cranial repair, thereby improving the quality of the patient's postoperative recovery.
Humans ; Computer-Aided Design ; Skull/surgery* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Head

To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens, mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques, including the selected reaction monitoring (SRM), parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), and massively parallel data-independent acquisition (DIA), have been developed. For optimal performance, they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior knowledge. In this report, we describe a MS pipe-line and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue samples. To build the spectral resource, we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on Docker. We then applied the workflow to gen-erate DPHL, a comprehensive DIA pan-human library, from 1096 data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS raw files for 16 types of cancer samples. This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Thereafter, PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was validated. As a second application, the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and 18 healthy control subjects. Differentially expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM. These data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker discovery. DPHL is freely accessible at https://www.iprox.org/page/project.html?id=IPX0001400000.