Objective: To work out a Parent-Adolescent Conflict Resolution Questionnaire with Chinese culture and explore its validity and reliability. Methods: The original items were selected based on the opening investigation on 548 adolescents and discussion with some parents and professionals, in the next step, 914 adolescents were recruited to test the reliability and validity. Results: The distribution of factors confirmed the theoretical structure. The alpha coefficient ranged from 0. 56 ~ 0. 86, retest coefficient after a month were 0. 67 ~ 0. 88 ( P

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation also can inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol and fat.Recent studies have shown that activation of AMPK can also inhibit the synthesis of bile acid and promote bile salt export pump' s generation.All of those illustrated that AMPK played an important role in regulating bile acid metabolism.This article will summarize the AMPK activation pathway,bile acid metabolism,AMPK activity in bile acid synthesis and transfer,and so on.

AIM:To investigate the effects of leptin on the expression of bile salt export pump ( BSEP) and signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2.METHODS: HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro. Leptin at concentrations of 10 -8 , 10 -7 and 10 -6 mol/L was used as a stimulating factor.The protein levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha subunit (AMPKa), phosphorylated AMPKa (p-AMPKa) and BSEP in the HepG2 cells at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h were detected by Western blotting.The optimal culture time and leptin concentration were selected, and compound C at concentration of 10 μmol/L was added to this group.The protein expression of BSEP was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:Intervention of HepG2 cells with leptin for 72 h increased the protein ex-pression of AMPKa gradually in a concentration-dependent manner, and leptin at concentration of 10 -6 mol/L induced the strongest AMPKa expression ( P<0.01 ) .Intervention of HepG2 cells with leptin for 24 h increased the phosphorylation level of AMPKa gradually in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01).The effect of leptin on the increase in the protein ex-pression of p-AMPKa was also in a time-dependent manner ( P<0.01) .After intervention with different concentrations of leptin for 24 h, the protein expression of BSEP in the HepG2 cells was gradually increased by the stimulation of leptin in a concentration-and time-dependent manner (P<0.01).Compared with NC group, the protein expression of BSEP in 10 -6 mol/L leptin group and 10 -6 mol/L leptin+10μmol/L compound C group was increased at 72 h (P<0.01), and that in 10-6 mol/L leptin+10 μmol/L compound C group was lower than that in 10 -6 mol/L leptin group at 72 h ( P<0.01 ) . CONCLUSION:Leptin promotes the protein expression of BSEP in HepG2 cells by leptin-AMPK-BSEP signaling path-way.Leptin promotes the increases in AMPKa protein and the level of phosphorylation of AMPKa in HepG2 cells.

OBJECTIVE To understand the relevant factors of nosocomial infection of inpatients in order to provide the evidence for taking measures to prevent and control the infection effectively.METHODS A retrospective survey was carried out on 10059 cases of hospitalized patients during Jan and Dec of 2008.RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients in this period was 4.3%(437/10059).The high risk infected rates were respectively as follows:24.9% in the Blood Department,15.1 % in the Tumor Department;The infection site were respiratory tract(59.3%),urinary tract(14.3%);The main pathogens were Gram negative bacteria(40.7%),fungus infection(25.4%);The risk factors mainly were usage of antibiotic drugs(40.7%),and underlying diseases of tumor(16.2%).CONCLUSIONS The effective measures for reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection should be taken.More attention should be paid on the risk factors.

Objective To study the relationship between expression of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) in gallbladder mucosa and formation of lithogenic bile in patients with gallstones.Methods Gallbladder mucosa,gallbladder wall,bile and plasma were collected from 34 patients with gallstone (GS) and 15 individuals who were gallstone free (GSF).The gallbladder wall was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry to detect pathologic changes and expressions of GPBAR1,mucin 1 (MUC1) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC).Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test mRNA expressions of GPBAR1,MUC1 and MUC5AC in the gallbladder mucosa.The contents of total cholesterol (TC),total bile acid (TBA),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma and cholesterol,TBA,phospholipid (PL) and mucin in the bile of gallbladder were measured.Results The gallbladder mucosa in all GS patients showed chronic inflammation on hematoxylin-eosin staining.The expressions of GPBAR1 and MUC5AC were more markedly increased in the GS group than in the GSFgroup (61.34±8.06 vs.43.05±7.83,P＜0.01; 52.11±9.62 vs.45.05±9.27,P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of GPBAR1 and MUC5AC in the GS group were also more markedly increased than in the GSR group (0.87±0.07 vs.0.80±0.09,P＜0.05; 1.04±0.22 vs.0.8±0.17,P＜0.01).Serum cholesterol,as well as biliary cholesterol,cholesterol mol percentage,cholesterol saturation index and mucin in the GS group were more significantly higher than in the GSF group (5.07±1.64 vs.3.62±1.42,P＜0.01; 17.23±3.67 vs.12.47±2.31,P＜0.01; 7.47±0.65 vs.5.05±0.24,P＜0.01; 1.03±0.58 vs.0.69±0.38,P＜0.01; 92.02±20.89 vs.76.36±19.71,P＜0.05).Biliary total bile acids and bile acids mol percentage were lower in the GS group than in the GSF group (162.68±20.19 vs.180.21±26.05,P＜0.05; 71.28±1.84 vs. 73.29±0.96,P＜0.01). In the GS group,there were negative correlations between the mRNA expression of GPBAR1 and biliary TBA (γ=-0.341,P＜0.05).There were negative correlations in the GS group between the GPBAR1 expression and the level of biliary TBA (γ=- 0.403,P＜0.05),and between the GPBAR1 expression and the level of biliary total lipid (γ=-0.365,P＜0.05).Conclusions This study shows an increase in expression of GPBAR1 in gallbladder mucosa in patients with GS.It is suggested that GPBAR1 may accelerate formation of lithogenic bile by inducing re-absorption of bile acid.

Objective To investigate the natural course and treatment of adult liver hemangioma (ALH).Methods The records of ultrasonography of 2422 patients with ALH were retrospectively reviewed.Results The patients were between 16 and 69 years of age (mean age 42,9± 11.4) with a male to female ratio of 1 ∶ 1.02 (1197/1225).The prevalence rate gradually increased with age after 30 years old.The highest prevalence rate occurred between 40-69 years.ALH was most commonly 1.1-3 cm in size,located in right liver with a solitary lesion.ALHs were bigger and were seen earlier in females than males.Concurrent illness was also more common in females than males.1427 patients had 3 to 8 repeat sonographies.At a follow-up of 42.7±9.5 months,1351 patients had no change in the ultrasonographic pattern or number of haemangiomas.Increasing in size of the lesions was demonstrated in 76 patients.154 patients received operation or interventional treatment.Conclusions The prevalence rate of ALH rose with age.Female sex hormones might accelerate ALH enlargement but they did not induce the formation of ALH.Most ALH remained stable in size and in patterns.Attention should be paid to rule out other illnesses in patients with ALH and with symptoms.

The core protein (CP) of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of its structural proteins. Apart from forming the nucleocapsid to protect internal viral genomic RNA, this protein is involved in transcriptional regulation. Also, during viral infection, the CP is involved in interactions with many host proteins. In this review, we combine study of this protein with its disorders, structural/functional characteristics, as well as its interactions with the non-structural proteins NS3, NS5B and host proteins such as SUMO-1, UBC9, OS9 and IQGAP1. We also summarize the important part played by the CP in CSFV pathogenicity, virulence and replication of genomic RNA. We also provide guidelines for further studies in the CP of the CSFV.
Animals ; Classical Swine Fever ; virology ; Classical swine fever virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Genome, Viral ; Swine ; Viral Core Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virulence

Objective To study the probability of applying mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB MSCs) to repair mouse skin wound in vivo. Methods hUCB MSCs isolated from full term delivery human umbilical cord blood were cultured and amplified in vitro.hUCB MSCs at passage 9 were labeled with BrdU (5-bromodeoxy-uridine) and grafted on the full-thickness skin loss wound created on the back of the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse (treatment group), when a PBS control group was set. The wound healing rate was surveyed and compared at days 7 and 14 postoperatively. Meanwhile, the wound was biopsied at days 7, 14 and 28 after operation,and the expressions of BrdU antibody and K19 antibody were checked pathologically and immunohistochemically by HE staining, respectively. Results The wound in treatment group was healed more rapidly than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The pathological check of the biopsy sample showed that the epidermis was thicker, with more epidermal ridges in the treatment group, compared with control group.It was found that some BrdU positive cells were distributed successively on the hair follicle, the stratum basal and the spinosum layers, a few of which even expressed K19. Conclusion hUCB MSCs can be differentiated into skin tissue and cells and is possible to repair skin wound.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the direct economic losses caused by nosocomial infection(NI) in patients with cerebral infarction.METHODS All patients(79 with NI as case group,300 without NI as control group) in pairs were investigated through case-control study retrospectively.RESULTS The average of expenses on medical service in NI group was higher when compared to that of control,the increased medical charge was 3 873.56 yuan and the increased hospitalized charge was 6 254.92 yuan.The average bed-staytime of NI group exceeded that of control by 11 days,there was a significant difference between two groups(P

0. 05) ; whereas Herrmann Ⅲ ,Ⅳand T3 ,T4(depth of invasion) were more often seen in advanced signet cell carcinoma (P 0. 05 ). Conclusion Compared with other pathological types, patients with advanced signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach are with comparable long term survival.