Objective To evaluate the outcomes of small (5 ～ 10mm),arterially enhancing nodules (SAENs)shown exclusively at the hepatic arterial phase of CT in a hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) surveillance population and to determine risk factors for developing HCC.Methods The study population included 112 patients (maleifemale =100 ∶ 12 ; aged 36 ～ 92 years) with 1 7 5 SAENs who were at risk of HCC.We evaluated serial changes during follow-up(1.4 ～41.8 months,mean 35.7 months) and analysed the initial CT findings of SAENs and the accompanying lesions to elucidate the risk factors for HCC development.Results Of 175 SAENs,101 (57.7％) disappeared and 34(19.4％) persisted.Forty SAENs(22.9％) became HCC in 33 patients(29.5％).Presence of HCC treatment history(P =0.005,risk ratio =7.429),a larger size of SAEN(P =0.003,risk ratio =1.630),presence of coexistent HCC(P =0.021,risk ratio =3.777) and absence of coexistent typical arterioportal shunts (P =0.003,risk ratio =4.459) turned out to be independently significant risk factors for future development of HCC.Conclusion SAENs are frequently seen in an HCC surveillance population and have a 22.9％ probability of becoming HCC on a per-lesion basis.Risk increased particularly when the lesion is associated with a previous or concurrent HCC,a large size or found without a coexistent typical arterioportal shunt.

Objective To explore the CT and MRI manifestations and diagnosis of elastofibroma dorsi(EFD).Methods CT or MRI findings of 20 cases (36 lesions)of EFD confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.12 patients underwent plain chest CT,4 patients plain chest MRI,4 patients plain unilateral shoulder MRI.Results ① All of cases were located in the infrascapular region,between the thorax wall and serratus anterior,mainly shaped flat mound-like or semi-circular.CT densities and MRI signal intensities of the masses were similar to those of muscle with some interlaced fat-like areas within the lesions.The masses had irregular edges, with no clear boundary between the thorax wall and serratus anterior,with disappeared fat gaps.② Statistical difference were found in patients’incidence between men and women,incidence between unilateral and bilateral and lesion volume between the left and right (P <0.05),and the incidence in female was significantly higher than that in male,the incidence in bilateral was significantly higher than that in unilateral,the lesion volume in the right was bigger than that in the left.Conclusion ① EFD has its characteristic location and imaging findings,so a definite diagnosis can be made with CT and MRI.② The mechanical friction between the scapula and chest wall may be related to tumor growth.

Objective To explore the features of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) examination of indirect,direct and femoral inguinal hernia.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 106 patients with indirect,direct and femoral inguinal hernia who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University between December 2014 and August 2017 were collected.All the patients were diagnosed as inguinal hernia by MSCT examination and multi-planar reconstruction.Observation indicators:(1) sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accordance rate of indirect,direct and femoral inguinal hernia by MSCT;(2) inguinal anatomic presentation in MSCT examination;(3) relationship between hernial sac and surrounding structures in MSCT examination;(4) hernia contents and quadrants of hernial sac in the quadrant partition with " cross intersect" method and complications.Count data were described as absolute number or percentage.Comparison of count data was done using the chi-square test with row multiplied by column.Results (1) Sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accordance rate of indirect,direct and femoral inguinal hernia by MSCT:of 106 patients,66,22 and 18 were diagnosed as indirect hernia,direct hernia and femoral hernia with 70,27 and 20 hernial sacs respectively.Sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values of inguinal hernia by MSCT were respectively 95.7％,96.3％,98.5％,89.7％ in indirect hernia patients and 96.3％,95.7％,89.7％,98.5％ in direct hernia patients and 100.0％,100.0％,100.0％,100.0％ in femoral hernia patients,and diagnostic accordance rate of femoral hernia was also 100.0％.Diagnostic accordance rate of inguinal hernia was 95.9％,and correct index was 0.920.(2) Inguinal anatomic presentation in MSCT examination:transverse,coronal and sagittal imagings of inferior epigastric artery,inguinal ligament,musculus rectus abdominis,femoral vein and other anatomic structures can be identified,and internal ring of inguinal canal of 6 patients cannot be observed clearly.For relationship between internal ring of inguinal canal and inferior epigastric artery,coronal view was the best,transverse view was the next,and sagittal view was rarely observed.For relationship between inguinal ligament and hernial sac,sagittal view was the best,coronal view was also observed clearly by continuous planes,and transverse view was poor.The oblique coronal view was the best for the direct hernial triangle and internal ring of inguinal canal,and coronal view of femoral triangle was the best.The lateral crescent sign and quadrant partition of "ross intersect" method needed to be observed in transverse plane.(3) Relationship between hernial sac and surrounding structures in MSCT examination:indirect hernia entered into the inguinal canal through internal ring of inguinal canal,and hernial sac was located at the outside of inferior epigastric artery;direct hernia was out through triangle hernia,and hernial sac was located at the inside of inferior epigastric artery,92.6％ (25/27) patients were accompanied by lateral crescent sign.The indirect hernia and direct hernia went along the upper front of inguinal ligament;femoral hernia was out through femoral triangle hernia,and hernial sac was located at the lower back of inguinal ligament and the outside of the pubic tubercle.(4) The hernia contents and quadrants of hernial sac in the quadrant partition with "cross intersect" method and complications:the most common hernia content was small intestine,including partial patients with hernia content composed of various substances;indirect hernia contents included small intestine (35),mesentery (29),effusion (25),intraabdominal fat (9),colon (8) and ovary (1) in turn;direct hernia contents included small intestine (14),intraabdominal fat (11),effusion (6),mesentery (6),colon (3) and bladder (2) in turn;femoral hernia contents included small intestine (12),intraabdominal fat (8),effusion (3) and mesentery (2) in turn.There was a statistically significant difference in the hernia contents among indirect hernia,direct hernia and femoral hernia (x2=28.389,P＜0.05).The main hernial sac located at antero-external quadrant was respectively occurred in 70 hernial sacs of indirect hernia and 27 hernial sacs of direct hernia and 15 hernial sacs of femoral hernia,and 5 hernial sacs of femoral hernia were located at postero-external quadrant.There was a statistically significant difference in comparison of the quadrant partition with "cross intersect" method (x2 =78.904,P ＜ 0.05).The intestinal obstruction was respectively occurred in 8 patients with indirect hernia and 14 patients with direct hernia and 12 patients with femoral hernia,with a statistically significant difference (x2=26.674,P＜0.05).Conclusions Indirect hernia,direct hernia and femoral hernia have characteristic signs of imaging.MSCT can display precisely the anatomical details of inguinal region,which plays an important role in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of indirect hernia,direct hernia and femoral hernia,especially in display of hernia contents and diagnosis of complications,thus it can provide important information for evaluating risk and making operation plan.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of liver density changes in patients with initial-treated drug-sensitive secondary tuberculosis during standardized treatment and after withdrawal when cured.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of 34 patients with initial-treated drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis in Beijing Chest Hospital of Capital Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2014 to April 2019. The chest computed tomography (CT) examination and sputum culture were performed before treatment. The patients received the standardized treatment and they were divided into three groups according to the course of treatment (three, nine and 12 months). Liver density and liver function were followed up during treatment (three, six, nine and 12 months) and after drug withdrawal (3, 6 and 12 months). The measurement data were analyzed by t-test. Results:The average liver density of these three groups gradually decreased during the treatment period, and gradually increased after drug withdrawal. There were five and nine cases of fatty liver occurred at three and six months of treatment in the six-month treatment group, respectively; and six, two and zero cases of fatty liver occurred at three, six, and 12 months after drug withdrawal, respectively. There were four, eight and 11 cases of fatty liver occurred at three, six, and nine months of treatment in the nine-month treatment group, respectively; and seven, two and zero cases occurred at three, six, and 12 months after drug withdrawal, respectively.There were five, 10, 14 and 14 cases of fatty liver occurred at three, six, nine and 12 months of treatment in the 12-month treatment group, respectively; and 12, 10 and five cases occurred at three, six, and 12 months after drug withdrawal, respectively. During the course of treatment, the density of livers of some cases decreased unevenly, and the density of right lobe of the liver was lower than the left lobe. The density of left lobe of the liver was (49.8±4.0) HU, (45.0±3.9) HU, (37.0±9.9) HU, (45.3±8.1) HU, (48.4±6.6) HU at the treatment of six, nine and 12 months and drug withdrawal of three and six months, and the density of right lobe of the liver was (44.0±6.1) HU, (37.2±7.7) HU, (25.5±15.8) HU, (38.5±11.7) HU, (43.8±9.9) HU, the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.611, 4.512, 2.307, 2.803 and 2.291, respectively, all P<0.05), while those were not statistically significant among three months of treatment and 12 months after drug withdrawal ( t=1.573 and 1.199, respectively, both P>0.05). There were two cases showed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amiotransferase (AST) accompanied elevated (ALT>2×upper limits of normal (ULN), AST<2×ULN) at three and six months of treatment, with no abnormalities detected of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TBil). Conclusions:The liver density gradually decreases and uneven fatty liver could appear during anti-tuberculosis treatment, but it gradually returns to normal or relieves after drug withdrawal. The degree of fatty liver is not synchronized with the changes of liver function indexes (ALT, AST, ALP and TBil), which belongs to chronic reversible injury.

Objective To investigate the changes of hemodynamics and cardiac function in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Methods 50 cases of pediatric living donor liver transplantation in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were collected.The hemodynamics was monitored by Mostcare with the radial artery.Acquisition of heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),peripheral vascular resistance index (SVR/SVRI),stroke volume / stroke index (SV/SVI),cardiac output (CO/CI),cardiac index / stroke volume variability (SVV),dp/dtmax (cardiac contractility),cardiac cycle efficiency (CCE) at the moment of the start of operation(T0),before occlusion of the inferior vena cava (T1),immediately after occlusion of the inferior vena cava (T2),anhepatic phase 30 min (T3),immediately after reperfusion(T4),neohepatic phase 5 min (T5),30 min (T6) and 60 min (T7).Results There were no significantly hemodynamic fluctuations before occlusion of the portal vein.At T3,the increased of MAP,CI,SVRI (T3 vs T0,P＜0.05),while CCE decreased significantly (T3 vs T0,P＜0.05);MAP,SVRI,lower HR,CI and dp/dtmax have different degrees of liver T4,but the change was not significant.SVV fluctuated in the anhepatic phase at 11％ ～ 15％,maintained in the new liver stage at 12％ ～ 15％,but fluctuated slightly.Conclusion Mostcare can be used to monitor the hemodynamic and cardiac function changes in pediatric living donor liver transplantation,but the reasons for the change of the monitoring indicators and the significance of guiding the perioperative treatment need to be further studied.