Objective To disscuss the influence on the anxiety and depression of different sperm parameters and different stages of spermatogenic cells before and after the treatment .Methods The different sperm parameters and different stages of spermato‐genic cells of 42 male patients with infertility were collected .Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS ) and Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to investigate the mental status of infertility patients before and after 3 or 6 months of treatment .Results After 3 or 6 months of treatment ,the scores of SAS/SDS were improved significantly (P< 0 .05) in different infertile diseases ,the degree of anxiety and depression were reduced .The sexual life and the abnormal parameter of the sperm and spermatogenic cells were neg‐atively correlated with the degrees of anxiety and depression .Conclusion Improving the quality of the various stages of male infer‐tility sperm parameters and spermatogenic cells ,the degrees of anxiety and depression are significantly reduced .

Objective To study the changes of xanthine oxidoreductase(XOD) activity induced by acute urinary retention(AUR) in rats and its significance.Methods Twenty-eight female Wistar rats were used to establish acute urinary retention model by filling bladder with 2fold bladder volume and maintaining for 2 h.Cystometry,XOD activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration assays were performed at the end of over-distention and 1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h after emptying respectively.The effect of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was observed by injecting 500 U SOD into the left cardiac ventricle of 7 model rats 10 min before emptying.Another 7 rats were filled with normal bladder volume as controls and underwent filling cystonetry.Results The frequency of detrusor over-activity increased more obviously after emptying than during over-distention.XOD activity increased obviously during over-distention period as compared to controls,reduced 1 h after emptying,then increased again 2 h after emptying,finally down to normal level slowly.The concentration of MDA increased during over-distention and early period after emptying and peaked at 1 h after emptying and then recovered slowly.After SOD treatment,the frequency of detrusor over-activity,XOD activity and MDA concentration reduced as compared with that in model rats 2 h after emptying(P

Objective To investigate the anatomic landmarks during the exposure of thalamus via the transcorpus callosal ventricle approach between microscope and endoscope to provide an anatomic foundation for clinical application. Methods The transcorpus callosal ventricle approach to expose the thalamus was simulated in selected 6 (12 sides) red and blue latex-perfused cadaver head specimens. The anatomic structures of four stages-interhemispheric, septum pellu?cidum cavity, lateral ventricle and third ventricle were examined by microscope and endoscope and relevant anatomic date was obtained during the process. Results Both microscope and endoscope could show the anatomic structures clear?ly during the interhemispheric and septum pellucidum cavity stages. The major landmarks of the interhemispheric cavity included callosal margin artery, cingulate sulcus, pericallosal artery and corpus callosum, and landmarks of septum pellu?cidum cavity included the septum pellucidum and body of fornix. Lateral ventricle stage-the major landmarks contained foramen of monro, septum vein, thalamus striatum vein, choroid plexus, body of fornix and body of caudate nucleus. The blind field under microscope such as anterior part of frontal horn (25.7mm±1.7mm vs. 14.2mm±1.2mm, P<0.05), lateral part (1/3) (12.1mm ± 0.7mm vs. 7.0mm ± 0.9mm, P<0.05) and posterior part (2/5) (28.8mm ± 1.4mm vs. 18.7mm ± 1.4mm, P<0.05) of thalamus could be made up by endoscope. Third ventricle stage-neither microscope nor endoscope could show the medial part of thalamus effectively due to the restriction of fornix and internal cerebral vein. Conclusions The anatomic landmarks can be identified during the exposure of thalamus via the transcorpus callosal ventricle approach. The coordination of microscope and endoscope can be helpful to identify eloquent structures and make up blind surgical field.

soda lime). It took significant less time to reach the peak CO concentration with baralyme than with the other two CO2 absorbents. The temperature of top canister went up faster than that of the bottom one with soda lime; whereas with baralyme the temperature of the bottom canister went up faster. Conclusion In a simulated closed circuit the risk of CO poisoning was higher with baralyme than with soda lime. But KOH-free soda lime which still contains NaOH, such as sofnolime, may produce more CO than standard soda lime.

With the development of imaging technology,the reports of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection become more frequently,but there is no consensus on the therapeutic plans which consist of conservative therapy,endovascular treatment and surgical treatment.Therefore,the related questions of the spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection will be discussed in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases of digestive tract with a review of literatures.

Since Reich completed the first laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) in 1991,LH has been developed rapidly with the continuous improvement of surgeons' technique and the technological changes in devices and related processes.This article elaborates on the safety and efficacy of LH,the value of 3D visualization,3D printing technology,and 3D laparoscopic technology in guiding precise hepatectomy,control of hemorrhage during LH,and safety and efficacy of robotic hepatectomy.

Objective To investigate the expression of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) protein in patients with colorectal carcinoma and evaluate its clinicopathological significance. Methods The expression of PAK1 was detected by the immunohistochemical method (SABC) in 50 cases of colorectal carcinoma and pericancerous normal specimens, and the relationship between the expression of PAK1 protein and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results The positive rate of PAK1 in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal pulmonary tissues (58 % vs 22 %, P <0.01), and the expression of PAK1 protein was significantly correlated to lymph node metastasis (χ2 =8.872, P =0.003) and degree of differentiation (χ2 =6.344, P =0.042), but not to tumor location, size, age and sex (P >0.05). The positive staining of PAK1 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Conclusion Overexpression of PAK1 is closely related with tumor biological behavior and it may play important role in the development of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To explore the biological effects of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the ovary of mice during peri-implantation. Methods The immunohistochemistry SABC method and image analysis were used to study the distribution and changes of the LHR and VEGF in Kunming mouse( n =28) ovary during estrous,pregnancy of day 1, day 4 and day 6 stage. Results The expression of LHR-immunoreactive substance and that of VEGF-immunoreactive substance had the same distribution and changes. Compared with other groups,the level of LHR-immunoreactive substance and that of VEGF-immunoreactive substance increased highly on the stroma cells around largergrowing follicles in estrous group ( P <0.05). Along with the pregnancy, the positive immunostaining for LHR and VEGF increased gradually on the granulosa lutein cells, and reached the highest level on day 6 of pregnancy. Positive immunostaining for LHR or VEGF on some endothelia and blood cells were observed in day 1 of pregnancy or estrous group respectively. Form day 1 of pregnancy, the theca cells had positive immunostaining for LHR. Conclusion The expression of LHR and VEGF is closely related with the process of follicle growing, ovulation and corpus luteum formation.

Hydrogel is a creative polymeric biomaterial which can resemble extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro. Hydrogel is also a material with intrinsic bioinert, but it can offer mechanical support and developmental guide for cell growth and new tissue organization by designing physicochemical and biological properties of hydrogels precisely. This review mainly introduces design of hydrogels, properties and applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, drug delivery, stem cell culture and cell therapy.
Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; chemistry ; Regenerative Medicine ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To investigate the role of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHAP) in the gene transfection of human colorectal cancer cell line SW480/M5 and the possible mechanisms.Methods The combination and protection of nHAP-Mg2+ to DNA were analyzed by gelose gelatin electrophoresis.Liposome and nHAP modified by magnesium chloride was combined,and the PEGFP-N1 plasmids were transfected into SW480/M5 cells.The gene transfection rate and the mean fluorescence intensity were observed by flow cytometry.The effect of nHAP-Mg2+ on the growth of the cells were studied by MTT.Results At appropriate proportion,nHAP-Mg2+ could combine the plasmids compeletly and protected the DNA.The gene could not be transferred by nHAP-Mg2+ alone.Combining the nanoparticles and liposome,the gene could be transferred very efficiently and the transfection rates were significantly higher than the liposome (P ＜ 0.05).The inhibition of cell growth was increased along with the concentration of nHAP-Mg2+ wether it was used alone or with the combination of liposome (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions nHAP-Mg2+ has the ability to combining and protecting DNA and can be used to transfer gene as the adjunct carrier of liposome for the gene therapy of tumor cells to elevate the gene tansfection and expression rate and also enhance the anti-tumor effection.