Objective To determine the risk factors of light perception and no light perception appearenee after vitrectomy for pro-liferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Design Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants 242 patients (288 eyes) who un-derwent vitrectomy for PDR. Methods 288 eyes of participants from 2002 to 2006 at Beijing Tongren Eye Center were reviewed. Cases that had postoperative visual acuity of light perception (LP) and no light perception (NLP) were recorded and PDR stages, traction reti-nal detachment involving macula, postoperative retinal detachment, postoperative vitreous hemorrhage, postoperative neovascular glauco-ma and re-operations were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Postoperative complications, PDR stage, macular disorder. Results Subjects were divided into two groups. LP/NLP group included eyes that had postoperative visual acuity of light perception and no light perception (totally 14 eyes in this group). Another group (control group) included eyes that had postoperative visual acuity of hand mo-tion or better (totally 274 eyes in this group). When compared with control group, the LP/NLP group had significantly higher prevalence of PDR 6, traction retinal detachment involving macula, postoperative retinal detachment, postoperative vitreous hemorrhage, postopera-tive neovascular glaucoma and reoperation (P value was 0.042, 0.048, 0.048, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). Conclusion Risk factors of light perception and no light perception after vitrectomy for PDR include PDR stage 6, traction retinal detachment involving macula, postoperative retinal detachment, postoperative, vitreous hemorrhage, postoperative neovascular glaucoma and re-operation. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 251-253)

Objective:To explore the suitable mouse strains,and establish stable human-miceX-GVHD model.Methods:This study selected the Nude Mice and NOD/SCID, and gave them sublethal dose of γ-ray irradiation whole body , and then intraperitoneal transplanted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) to establish xenogeneic acute graft-versus-host disease model.By detection of human T cells in the mice′s tail venous blood,tissues,organs of the infiltration and other indicators (By flow cy-tometry and immunohistochemistry ) ,we compared the human immune cell infiltration rates in the two mouse model and recorded the survival time.Finally,we determined the appropriate strains of mice to establish X-GVHD.Optimization means were transfer ways and the appropriate amount of human PBMC ,and the best time to observe the changes of T cell phenotype and function.Results:The NOD/SCID mouse was more suitable for inducing human-mouseX-GVHD model,and there were no significant differences between intrap-eritoneal injection and intravenous injection.Transfer human PBMC more than 5 ×107 can establish human-mouseX-GVHD model.Using the optimized experimental conditions to establish the human-mouseX-GVHD model,we found the 7-11 days was the best time to observe the changes of T cell phenotype and function ,and the average survival time was(14.16±1.77)days.Conclusion:Human-miceX-GVHD model can be successfully established by intraperitoneal injection of 5×107 human PBMC into NOD/SCID, and the best time to observe the changes of T cell phenotype and function is between 7-11 days.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Heart Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liposarcoma, Myxoid ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Myxoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Myxosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pericardium ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Illegally paid blood donation was a risk factor for HIV acquisition exclusively in Henan and Hubei Provinces of China, and not in Shanghai. Nucleotide sequences in the gag and env genes of HIV-1 were compared between isolates from Henan and Shanghai regions of China to test whether an expected higher degree of a common source of infections from this unique blood donation transmission risk would be evident as decreased variation among Henan isolates in an exploratory cross-sectional analysis. Among 38 isolates studied, 23 of 23 (100%) from Henan and 8 of 15 (54%) from Shanghai were subtype B. In addition, fewer sequence differences were found in gp41 of subtype B isolates from Henan than from Shanghai isolates. Further studies with additional controls are therefore warranted to confirm the role of the degree of a common source of infections in differences in HIV variation across populations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the renal function in 149 patients receiving myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from June 2005 to June 2010 in our hospital, and analyze the risk factors resulting in kidney insufficiency and experience in diagnose and therapy. The creatinine clearance (CrCL) and serial creatinine level were evaluated before and after allo-HSCT within 100 days and 1 year. Non-radiation conditioning regimens were used for any patients. The acute kidney insufficiency (AKI) was defined as at least a 1.5-fold rise in serum creatinine level after allo-HSCT within the first 100 days. The chronic kidney insufficiency (CKI) was defined as the creatinine clearance < basal level within 3 months to 1 year after allo-HSCT. The results showed that the kidney insufficiency was found in 41 patients, in which the incidence of AKI was 32/149 (21.5%). CsA, amphotericin B (P = 0.025) and ES (P = 0.022) were defined as risk factors for AKI. The incidence of CKI was 18/138 (13%). cGVHD (P = 0.013) and TA-TMA (P = 0.012) were associated with the development of CKI. The 2-year survival was lower in patients with kidney dysfunction than that in patients without kidney dysfunction (39% vs 74.1%, P < 0.001). The main factors resulting in kidney insufficiency were defined as infection (52%), GVHD (20%), TA-TMA (12%) and tumor relapse (12%). It is concluded that kidney insufficiency is an important complication of allo-HSCT. Careful monitoring kidney function, minimizing the use of amphotericin B, prophylaxis and effective treatment of fungal infection, GVHD and TA-TMA may be effective preventive measures to decrease the incidence of kidney insufficiency.
Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effects of Niaoluqing, an oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine, on the growth of urogenital chlamydia trachomatis (Ct).

METHODSNiaoluqing's applying concentration was 1 g/ml and 10 serologically untyped strains of Ct from the STD clinic were used. And the inhibitory effects of Niaoluqing on Ct was evaluated by McCoy cell microculture technique in vitro.

RESULTSNiaoluqing had inhibitory activity for urogenital Ct, and was capable of reducing inclusion numbers notably in the concentrations of 50 to 200 mg/ml. The number and volume of Ct inclusions reduced gradually and disappeared finally with the rising of the medicinal concentration.

CONCLUSIONThe traditional Chinese medicine Niaoluqing has inhibitory effects on the growth of urogenital Ct.

Chlamydia trachomatis ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Urogenital System ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the specificity, sensitivity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of plasma elafin for diagnosis of skin acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and to explore its clinical diagnostic value.

METHODSIncidence of skin aGVHD from fifty-three patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) were observed prospectively in Guangdong General Hospital from Apr 2010 to Aug 2011. The plasma concentrations of elafin were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Skin biopsies were taken from 28 patients with skin rash, and elafin expression in the skin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Positive expression was defined as significant staining of at 50% of the depth of the epidermis, excluding the granular cell layer and the acrosyringium.

RESULTSAmong 28 patients with skin rash, twenty-five were considered as skin aGVHD by clinical diagnosis, seventeen were confirmed as skin aGVHD by pathological biopsy. 11 cases were elafin positive by immunohistochemical staining. Elafin protein was overexpressed in aGVHD skin tissue (P = 0.001). Plasma concentrations of elafin were significantly higher in patients with skin aGVHD (positive) group than in those without skin aGVHD (negative) group (P = 0.005), among which there being no statistically significant difference in plasma elafin level between patients with grade I skin aGVHD group and negative group(P = 0.971), but being statistically significant difference compared patients with grade II-IV skin aGVHD group with those with grade I skin aGVHD group (P = 0.02) and with negative group (P = 0.008). Using the pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the estimated specificity and the sensitivity of clinical diagnosis criteria were 27.3% and 100%, respectively, and those of tissue elafin protein level were 100% and 64.7%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.909 (0.797 - 1.021) when plasma concentrations of elafin was used in diagnosis of skin aGVHD. The sensitivity was 82.4% and the specificity was 81.8 % when the critical value was set at 1456.043 µg/L.

CONCLUSIONPlasma concentration of elafin is significantly higher at the onset of skin aGVHD. It can be used as biochemical marker of skin aGVHD and has higher value in diagnosis of skin aGVHD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Elafin ; blood ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; blood ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin Diseases ; blood ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Young Adult

This study was purposed to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous injecting itraconazole (ITCZ) as empirical antifungal therapy in the patients with hematological malignancies. According to recommendation in IDSA guidebook, the patients suffered from fever during neutropenia and inefficacy of treatment using broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 days should receive intravenous injection of ITCZ as empirical antifungal therapy. The results showed that the overall clinical response rate to ITCZ injection was 62.9% (22/35), and the success rate of achieving composite endpoints was 54.3% (19/35). Mild adverse reactions were observed in 6 patients (17.1%). The injection of ITCZ was stopped in 2 patents (5.7%) due to adverse reaction. Further analysis revealed that the response rate was higher in patients with fever prior to the start of ITCZ within five days than beyond five days (P = 0.031). The response rate was higher in patients with possible invasive fungus infection (IFI) than that in patients with probable and confirmed IFI (P = 0.002). The prophylactic antifungal treatment during neutropenia displayed no significant influence on efficacy of empirical antifungal therapy with itraconazole (P = 0.054). It is concluded that the good efficacy and safety of empirical ITCZ injection for hematological malignancies patients is efficient and safe.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Itraconazole ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Purpose To investigate the expression of sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) and sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 4 (SIPR4) in triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) and to evaluate its correlation with the clinicopathologic features of TNBC. Methods 72 cases of tissue slides of TNBC were stained immunohistochemically and analyzed with image processing to calculate the S1PR1 and S1PR4 expression. Correlations of the S1PR1 and S1PR4 expression with the clinicopathologic features of TNBC were studied. Results Ki-67 index of high, moderate and low expression of the S1PR1 in TNBC were 48.89％, 36.11％ and 26.48％, respectively. The difference among them was significance (P＜0.001). Ki-67 index of high, moderate and low expression of the S1PR4 in TNBC were42.83％, 31.43％ and 28.93％, respectively. The difference among them was significance (P = 0.007 ). The positive rate of lymph node of high, moderate and low expression of the SI PR1 in TNBC were 31.4％, 48.6％ and 20.0％, respectively. The difference among them was significance (P = 0.012). The positive rate of lymph node of high, moderate and low expression of the S1PR4 in TNBC were 54.3％, 40.0％ and 5.7％, respectively. The difference among them was significance (P=0.010). The CD68 positive rate of high, moderate and low expression of the S1PR1 in TNBC were 47.22％, 42.59％ and31.48％, respectively. The difference among them was significance (P = 0.036). Both the difference of survive rate among high, moderate and low expression of the S1PR1 and S1PR4 were not significance (P = 0.209 and P =0.593 ). Conclusion High expression of S1PR1 and S1PR4 may contribute to the cellular proliferation and lymph node metastases in TNBC. The survive rate of TNBC maybe not related with both the S1PR1 and S1PR4 expression.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rat liver fibrosis model induced by CCl4 and the role of IFN-gamma.

METHODSLiver fibrosis was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of CCl4. The rats were divided into fibrosis model group, Bie-Jia-Ruan-Gan-Tablet treatment group and IFN-gamma treatment group (0.2 MU.kg.d, i. m. for 12 weeks), and another 10 rats without any treatment were used as normal control. Bcl-2 and Bax proteins expression were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSBcl-2 was expressed weakly in the homogenate of hepatocytes and hepatic sinusoid in normal control rats, and it was expressed stronger in fibrous septae, portal area, hepatic sinusoid, the homogenate and membrane of hepatocytes and central vein in fibrosis model rats (3.87%+/-2.37% vs 9.46%+/-4.29%, t=2.83, P<0.05). Bax was expressed slightly in central vein and the hepatic sinusoid around, and it was expressed stronger in the homogenate of hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoid, fibrous septae, membrane of hepatocytes and epithelial cells of bile duct (3.50%+/-1.88% vs 9.80%+/-3.75%, t=3.72, P<0.01). Compared with that in fibrosis model rats, the expression of Bax was significantly lower in rats treated with IFN-gamma (9.80%+/-3.75% vs 5.85%+/-2.35%, t=2.98, P<0.01), but the expression of Bcl-2 was not significantly different (t=1.49, P>0.05), however it was significantly lower in fibrous septae in IFN-gamma-treated group than in model group (6.58%+/-4.13% vs 9.46%+/-4.29%, t=2.80, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of Bcl-2 and Bax increases in liver fibrosis model rats, and IFN-gamma can promote myofibroblasts apoptosis

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein