Objective　To find out the distribution of the normal rating dactylogram of the juveniles of the She Nationality. Methods　According to living body measure need, Prussian blue was used. Result　Each type of dactylogram in number was as follows: LU＞WS＞WD＞AT＞AS. Ridgs count of each finger in quantitative order:thumb＞ring finger＞middle finger＞index finger＞little finger. Conclusion　The rate of appearance of normal finger prints in various nationalities and regions has obvious difference, the normal rating of the dactylogram of the juveniles of the She Nationality differs from that of the local juveniles of the Han nationality.

Objective: In recent years,an increasing number of drugs have been proved to be associated with the induction of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis(AAV).This article reviews the latest research progress on drug-induced AAV.Data sources: We conducted a comprehensive and detailed search of the PubMed database.The search terms mainly included drug-induced,ANCA,and vasculitis.Study selection: We summarized the original articles and reviews on drug-induced AAV in recent years.The extracted information included the definition,epidemiology,associated drugs,pathogenesis,clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of drug-induced AAV.We also focused on the differences between drug-induced AAV and primary vasculitis.Results: The offending drugs leading to drug-induced AAV are almost from pharmacologic categories and we need to be vigilant when using these drugs.The pathogenesis of drug-induced AAV might be multifactorial.The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is an important mechanism for the development of drug-induced AAV.The clinical features of drug-induced AAV are similar to those of primary AAV.Understanding the difference between drug-induced AAV and primary AAV is helpful to identify drug-induced AAV.Stopping the offending drug at once after diagnosis may be sufficient for those patients with mild symptoms.Immunosuppressive therapy should only be used in patients with vital organs involvement.Conclusions: Patients with drug-induced AAV usually have a good prognosis if they stop using the offending drug immediately.Recent advances in research on AAV are expected to help us better understand the pathogenesis of drug-induced AAV.

Natural medicine chemistry is a comprehensive academics which has strong profession and fulfillment.Traditional teaching mode is very difficult to satisfy a teaching demand.The multi-media teaching carries on audio-visual teaching by sketch,animation,voice,video frequency...etc.to promote students to obtain and keep knowledge.It also plays an important role in organizing and managing teaching information,setting up ideal study environment,raising students’study interest.This text mainly focuses on how the multi-media teaching guide the student studying natural medicine chemistry.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of limited stage primary esophageal small cell carcinoma (PESC).MethodsClinical data was retrospectively analyzed for 42 patients with pathologically confirmed PESCs who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy from Nov.1990 to Dec.2010 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College.The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe clinical symptoms,imaging and endoscopic features of PESC were similar to those of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Of the 26 cases that received pre-operative endoscopic biopsy,only five cases were diagnosed as PESC,while the other 21 cases were misdiagnosed as ESCC.The mean follow-up time of this series was 25.3 months (0-123 months).34 patients died of the disease during the follow-up;7 were still alive and 1 was lost.The median survival time (MST) of the 41 patients was 13.0 months (95 ％ confidence interval 6.3-19.7),and the 6-,12-,24-,36-,and 60-month overall survival rates (OS) were 78.6 ％,57.5 ％,30.8 ％,23.7 ％,10.5 ％,respectively.ConclusionPESC is a rare disease with poor prognosis,and is prone to be misdiagnosed by endoscopic biopsy.Currently no standard treatment has been established.

AIM:To investigate the effect of insulin and gliclazide therapies on the liver fat accumulation in type 2 diabetic rats .METHODS:A high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin was implemented to establish a type 2 dia-betic rat model, and the rats were randomly divided into diabetes mellitus (DM) group, diabetic rats treated with insulin ( INS) group, diabetic rats treated with gliclazide per os ( PO) group, and normal control ( NC) group.The diabetic rats in INS group and PO group were given insulin and gliclazide for 3 weeks, respectively.The changes of the liver fatty were evaluated with oil red O staining .Fasting plasma adiponectin concentration was measured by ELISA .The expression of adi-ponectin receptor 1 ( AdipoR1 ) was detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK on threonine 172 ( Thr172p-AMPK), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), phosphorylated SREBP-1c on serine 372 (Ser372p-SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), phospho-rylated ACC on serine79 (Ser79p-ACC) and immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) in the liver homogenate were deter-mined by Western blotting .RESULTS:Compared with the normal rats , in DM group, the presence of cytoplasmic lipid deposits was confirmed by oil red O staining .In INS group, these changes were significantly lower than those in DM group . Similar results were obtained in PO group .Insulin therapy significantly increased the plasma concentration of diponectin and liver tissue levels of AdipoR1 compared with DM group.At the same time, these 2 indicators returned to normal levels after gliclazide therapy .Thr172p-AMPK/AMPK, Ser372p-SREBP-1c/SREBP-1c and Ser79p-ACC/ACC expression ratios were significantly reduced in DM group compared with control values .The expression of BiP was increased on the contrary . After insulin therapy, Thr172p-AMPK/AMPK and Ser372p-SREBP-1c/SREBP-1c were significantly increased, and Ser79p-ACC/ACC and BiP returned to the normal levels .After gliclazide treatment, Thr172p-AMPK/AMPK and Ser372p-SREBP-1c/SREBP-1c returned to the normal levels , the expression ratio of Ser79p-ACC/ACC had no significant improve-ment compared with DM group , and the expression of BiP significantly declined .CONCLUSION: Both the insulin and gliclazide therapies reduce the lipid deposition in the liver of rats with type 2 diabetes by activating AMPK , but the extent and mechanism are not the same.In insulin therapy, AMPK restrains the expression of SREBP-1c directly, increases the phosphorylation of SREBP-1c, and affects SREBP-1c by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress .Gliclazide treatment, which has no effect on the lipid oxidation , reduces lipid deposition in the liver only through the phosphorylation of SREBP-1c and the suppression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress .

Macrophages( Mφ)play an important role in the regulation of immune reaction. Different kinds of cellular microenvironment influence the phenotypes and function of Mφ and induce different immunological effect. Researches showed that there was a strong correlation between the dysfunction of Mφ and development of ulcerative colitis( UC ). Targeted regulation on immunological activity of Mφ may improve the clinical manifestations and pathological changes in UC. Regulation of the activity and migration of Mφ through changing microenvironment might be one of the potential mechanisms of moxibustion in treating UC. Progress in research on immunological effect of Mφ in UC was summarized in this review article.

This study aims to explore the efficacy of interferon-α (IFN-α) combined with either entecavir (ETV) or adefovir (ADV) therapy versus IFN-α mono-therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients,and to identify the factors associated with treatment outcomes.Totally,159 CHB patients receiving interferon-based treatment for 48 weeks were enrolled in this retrospective study,including IFN-α mono-therapy group (group A,n=44),IFN-α plus ADV group (group B,n=53) and IFN-α plus ETV group (group C,n=62).The primary measures of efficacy assessments were the changes in HBsAg.Cox regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of treatment outcomes.The predictive values of the factors were assessed by ROC analysis.For patients with baseline hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level ＜1000 IU/mL,the reductions in mean HBsAg levels at week 48 were greater in group C than that in group A (P＜0.05).Higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion was achieved in the combined therapy group than in IFN-α mono-therapy group at week 48 (P＜0.05).Two factors were independently associated with HBeAg seroconversion:baseline HBeAg level ＜2.215 log10 index/mL and △HBeAg (.decline in HBeAg from baseline) ＞0.175 log10 at week 12.In conclusion,interferon-α plus ETV therapy can accelerate HBsAg decline as compared with interferon-α mono-therapy in CHB patients with lower baseline HBsAg levels,and the combination therapy was superior to IFN-α mono-therapy in increasing the rate of HBeAg seroconversion.Baseline HBeAg and △HBeAg at week 12 can independently predict HBeAg seroconversion in patients subject to interferon-based therapy for 48 weeks.

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible effect of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF -beta(1)) on the development of renal fibrosis in human mesengial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN).

METHODSImmunohistochemistry method, sirius red staining polarization microscopy and the computer imaging analysis system were used to detect the expression of TGF-beta(1), the distribution of collagen I, collagen III and collagen IV.

RESULTIn MsPGN with renal fibrosis, collagen IV was increased markedly,and collagen I and collagen III appeared in the expanded mesengial matrix abnormally. Collagen III and collagen IV were increased markedly in tubulointerstitium. TGF-beta(1) expression was positively correlated with the expression of collagen I, collagen III and collagen IV in tubulointerstitium (r=0.82 0.92,P<0.01), and negatively correlated with I/III, I/IV and III/IV (r=-0.83,-0.92, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONAbnormal increase of TGF-beta(1) may be one of the important factors associated with glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis through the increment and abnormal distribution of collagen I, collagen III and collagen IV.

Collagen ; analysis ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

ITS2 sequence was used as a barcode to identify herbal tea ingredient Plumeria rubra and its adulterants. Genomic DNAs from forty eight samples were extracted, the ITS2 sequences were amplified and sequenced bi-direstionlly, and then assembled and obtained using CodonCode Aligner. The sequences were aligned using ClustalW, the genetic distances were computed by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA5.0. Results showed that the length of ITS2 sequence of P. rubra were 244 bp. The intra-specific genetic distances (0-0. 016 6) were much smaller than inter-specific ones between P. rubra and its adulterants(0.320 8-0.650 4). The NJ tree indicated that P. rubra and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, Using ITS2 barcode can accurately andeffectively distinguish herbal tea ingredient P. rubra from its adulterants, which providesa new molecular method to identify P. rubra and ensure its safety in use.
Apocynaceae ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo analyse the factors which influence the four serum fibrosis markers hyaluronic acid (HA), type III procollagen (PCIII), laminin (LN) and type IV collagen (CIV).

METHODSThe levels of serum HA, PCIII, LN and CIV were measured by RIA in 141 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), then the patients were divided into two groups according to the serum fibrosis markers, namely consistent group and inconsistent group. the liver biopsy materials were examined pathomorphologically and liver function was detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer, The interior diameters of the portal vein, the spleen vein and the thickness of the spleen were also measured with ultrasonography.

RESULTS16 patients (14.16%) whose serum fibrosis markers were inconsistent with histological stage of liver fibrosis were found. Their serum fibrosis markers were not correlated with staging of liver fibrosis (P>0.05), but were positively correlated with inflammation grade (x(2)=12.07, P<0.05), at same time, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and globulin (GLB) decreased obviously, from 89.28 U/L +/- 64.25 U/L to 49.31 U/L +/- 26.75 U/L (t=2.45, P<0.05), 66.10 U/L +/- 42.30 U/L to 40.83 U/L +/- 22.40 U/L (t=2.33, P<0.05), 86.26 U/L +/- 70.36 U/L to 48.99 U/L +/- 29.96 U/L (t=2.08, P<0.05) and 32.13 g/L +/- 5.18 g/L to 28.05 g/L +/- 3.47 g/L (t=3.03, P<0.01) respectively. And the level of albumin (ALB) and the ratio of albumin and globulin (A/G) increased evidently, from 42.34 g/L +/- 4.81 g/L to 46.19 g/L +/- 3.61 g/L (t=3.06, P<0.01) and 1.35 +/- 0.28 to 1.63 +/- 0.26 (t=3.70, P<0.01). But the serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBil), total protein (TP), the width of main portal vein, the width of splenic vein and the thickness of the spleen did not change clearly (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAs diagnostic markers, serum fibrosis markers as well as inflammation grade and liver function should be taken into account.

Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Biomarkers ; Female ; Globulins ; analysis ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Serum Albumin ; analysis ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; blood