Objective To study the effect of WIN55,212-2 on the expression of PGE2 in cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells(TMCs) and discuss its mechanism of reducing the intraocular pressure.Methods TMCs were obtained through the cultured tissue,bovine TMCs were prmiarily cultured and subcultured.The third generation bovine TMCs were incubated with different dosages of WIN55,212-2 and the supernatant was collected.The concentration of PGE2 in the medium was measured by ELISA method.PGE2mRNA in TMCs was analyzed by RT-PCR.Result PGE2 in the supernatant and PGE2mRNA in TMCs increased depending on the dosages of WIN55,212-2.Conclusion Certain concentration of WIN55,212-2 may promote PGE2 secretion of TMCs,so as to reduce the intraocular pressure.

Objective To evaluate the role of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in preoperative evaluation of the depth of invasion in rectal carcinoma.Methods Fifty-eight cases with rectal carcinoma confirmed by pathology underwent TRUS before surgery.Preoperative staging was performed using the T staging system on the basis of TRUS sonogram.The T staging results by TRUS were compared with those of postoperative pathologic staging.Results The preoperative overall accuracy rate of TRUS was 82.76％ (48/58).The diagnostic accuracy rates in T1-T4 stage by TRUS were 94.83％(55/58),86.21％(50/58),86.21％ (50/58) and 98.28％ (57/58).Staging rectal carcinoma with TRUS showed better consistency with postoperative pathologic staging.Conclusions TRUS has a better accuracy in preoperative evaluation of the depth of invasion in rectal carcinoma.TRUS is an important factor in rational treatment.

Objective To evaluate the possibility, methods and efficiency of simultaneous transcatheter therapy for perimembranous ventricular septal defect(PMVSD) combined with atrial septal defect(ASD).Methods Four patients with PMVSD combined with ASD, including 3 males and 1 female, age ranging from 12 to 26 years; underwent simultaneous attempted transcatheter therapy. The diameters of PMVSD were 3-6 mm and the distances from the defect rim to aortic valve were 2-6 mm by the echocardiography before the precedure. The stretched diameter of ASD was 6-10 mm. PMVSD were occluded using homemade two-disc PMVSD occluder first and the ASD were occluded later on. Results All patients were treated successfully at one time. The diameter of PMVSD were 3.5-10.0 mm, the diameters of occluder was 4-12 mm. The stretched diameter of ASD was 6-10 mm and the occluder diameter was 6-12 mm. No residual shunt was found by the transthoracic echocardiography and left ventriculography after the occluders deployed. No complication occurred. Conclusion Simultaneous transcatheter therapy for PMVSD combined with ASD is feasible, safe and effective.

AIM: To demonstrate the protective effects of ST-1 against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.METHODS: The model of focal ischemia-reperfusion was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion 2 h followed by reperfusion 22 h in rats.Neurological deficit scores were evaluated.Infarct size,malondialdehyde(MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured,pathological changes of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were observed.RESULTS: Compared with vehicle group ST1 at dose of 10 and 20(mg?kg~(-1)) could reduce the infarct size,MDA content,enhance SOD activity and relieve neurons injury in hippocampal CA1 region in dose-dependent way;ST-1 at dose of 20(mg?kg~(-1)) could also improve neurological function.CONCLUSION: ST-1 can protect brain tissue from focal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the relationship among electrocardiogram QRS complex duration,left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF),N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide( NT-proBNP)and their relation to New York Heart Association (NYHA)functional classification in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF),and observe the intervention effects of Shenfu injection(SFI)on patients with CHF. Methods A total of 72 CHF patients were randomly assigned to treatment group(36 cases)and control group(36 cases). Patients in the control group received standard care,and those in the treatment group received standard care plus 1. 0 mL·kg-1 ·d-1 of SFI in 5% glucose for two weeks. Before and after the treatments,the electrocardiogram QRS complex duration,LVEF,NT-proBNP were measured and NYHA functional classification was evaluated. Results Electrocardiogram QRS complex duration was negatively correlated with LVEF and was positively correlated with NT-proBNP and NYHA functional classification( P〈0. 05 ). After the treatment,the proportion of patients with NYHA classⅠ-Ⅱsignificantly increased and classⅢ-Ⅳsignificantly decreased in both groups. The treatment group was superior to the control group in reinstating cardiac function( P〈0. 05 ). After the treatment,electrocardiogram QRS complex duration and the levels of NT-proBNP were significantly descended and LVEF were significantly ascended in both groups(P〈0. 05). The level of NT-proBNP in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group(P〈0. 05),but electrocardiogram QRS complex duration and LVEF did not show significant difference. The prior-and post-treatment difference in electrocardiogram QRS complex duration and LVEF was more obvious in the treatment group than in the control(P〈0. 05). Conclusion The extension of electrocardiogram QRS complex duration is correlated with plasma NT-proBNP elevation and cardiac dysfunction,which can be used as a reference for disease progression or medication efficacy. SFI is effective on CHF of the yang-qi deficiency type.

Objective: To study the relationship between different patterns of invasion and extracapsular spread in lymph node metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Methods: Pattern of invasion described by Anneroth was used to evaluate the malignance grade of tongue cancer and immunohistochemical and HE staining were used to detect the extracapsular spread in successive cases of tongue cancer with radical neck dissection. Results: Lymph node metastasis was observed in 0/5 of the cases with pattern I invasion,3/8 pattern II,5/6 pattern III and 1/1 pattern Ⅳ. Extracapsular spread occurred as totally or partly replacement of the lymph node by the tumourcells. The tumour cells infiltrated between lymph nodes, perinodal fibroadipose tissue or sternocleidmastoid muscle in the form of cell cluster or isolated cell. Conclusion: Pattern of invasion is a significant factor for evaluating the malignance grading of tongue cancer. Radical neck dissection should be used to treat the tongue cancer with pattern III or IV invasion.

BACKGROUND: Many experiments have proved that heavy-load movement training causes the acute increase of free radicals. The increase of endogenous free radicals and caused cellular and subcellular lipid peroxidation strengthening injure the structure and function of tissue cells, thereby, decrease motor ability. Sleep deprivation also causes the increase of oxygen free radicals.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of acute exhaustive exercise rats following different time periods of sleep deprivation.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Laboratory of Exercise Sciences & Sports Medicine, Physical College, Hunan Normal University.MATERIALS: Thirty healthy male SD rats of clean grade, weighing about (220±13)g, provided by Experimental Animal Center of Hunan Agricultural University, were involved in this study.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Exercise Sciences & Sports Medicine, Physical College,Hunan Normal University from April 2006 to May 2006. Thirty rats were randomized into 5 groups: blank control group,simple exercise group, sleep deprivation 24 hours group, sleep deprivation 48 hours group and sleep deprivation 72 hours group, with 6 rats in each group; Rats in the blank control group were allowed to sleep normally, but not do exercise; Rats in the simple exercise group were allowed to sleep normally and executed after acute exhaustive exercise; Rats in the sleep deprivation 24, 48 and 72 hours groups were deprived their sleep for 24, 48 and 72 hours,respectively, then they were executed after acute exhaustive exercise. Method of gentle handling was used in creating rat models of sleep deprivation; Rats in the simple exercise group and sleep deprivation groups were forced to do exercise according to the rat exercise model project established by Bedford: treadmill gradient 10°, speed 19.3 m/min, all the exercise rats were exhaustive (Exhaustion criteria: At the end of exercise, rats reached 1/3 of runway over 3 times;Various stimulations for expelling were invalid. After running, rats presented with breathlessness, expression lassitude,ventral decubitus, slow stimulus response, weaker escape response in being captured). After experiment, rats in each group were executed under the anesthetic state, and their blood was taken out, and centrifuged after natural clotting.Supernatant fluid was taken for detecting MDA and GSH levels as well as SOD activity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in MDA and GSH levels, and SOD activity in rat serum.RESULTS: Thirty rats were involved in the final analysis. ① MDA level in the simple exercise group was higher than that in the blank control group (P＜ 0.01). MDA level in the sleep deprivation 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours was higher than that in the simple exercise group, respectively (P ＜ 0.01). MDA level in the sleep deprivation 72 hours was statistically higher than that in the other sleep deprivation groups, respectively (P ＜ 0.01). ②GSH level in the simple exercise group was lower than that in the blank control group (P ＜ 0.01). GSH level in the sleep deprivation 24 hours group was higher than that in the simple exercise group [(P ＜ 0.01). GSH level in the sleep deprivation 24 hours and 48 hours groups was lower than that in the simple exercise group, respectively (P ＜ 0.05, 0.01). There were statistical differences in GSH level among sleep deprivation groups (all P＜ 0.01). ③ SOD activity in the simple exercise group was lower than that in the blank control group (P ＜ 0.01); SOD activity in the sleep deprivation 24, 48 and 72 hours groups was lower than that in the simple exercise group, respectively (P ＜ 0.01); SOD activity in the sleep deprivation 48 and 72 hours groups was significantly lower than that in the blank control group, respectively (P ＜ 0.01); There were statistical differences in SOD activity among sleep deprivation groups (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation can cause serumal oxidative stress injury of rats; With elongation of time of sleep deprivation and exhaustive exercise, oxygen free radical production in serum of rats accumulates more and more, ability to get rid of oxygen free radical becomes weaker and weaker, and injury to body is more and more obvious.Serumal oxidative stress status of acute exhaustive exercise rats following sleep deprivation

Objective To observe the anti-atherosclerosis effects of Guizhi Fuling Capsule. Methods 50 healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal group (n=12) and AS model group(n=38). The model of experimental AS rats was established by feeding high cholesterol diet and intraperitoneal injecting VitD3. The normal control group was fed by ordinary diet. AS model group was further divided into 3 groups randomly: AS group(n=12), control group (n= 12), and therapy group(n= 12). The therapy group was given Guizhi Fuling Capsule by intragastric administration.The control group was given simvastatin and captopril by intragastric administration. 0.9% NaCl was given to the AS group instead of Guizhi Fuling Capsule. The rats were killed at the 16th weekend, and their aorta arch and breast aorta were observed.Blood fat and serum levels of Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Nitric oxide (NO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected respectively. Immunohistochemistry technology was used for observing the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 (ICAM- 1 ) in breast aorta. Results The values of ET- 1, NO, hs-CRP and the amount of ICAM- 1 were (142.61 ±25.67)ng/ml, (66.05 ± 8.63) μmol/L, (2.86±0.40)mg/L, (0.29±0.05) in the normal group; (182.38±22.96)ng/ml, (28.70±4.49)μmol/L, (5.60±0.49)mg/L, (0.58±0.06)in the AS group; (154.37±21.11)ng/ml, (45.88±11.36)μmol/L, (3.66±0.34)mg/L, (0.37±0.04)in the control group and (152.13±23.23)ng/ml, (57.67±8.96)μmol/L, (3.70±0.40)mg/L, (0.36±0.04) in the therapy group respectively. The levels of ET-1, NO, hs-CRP and the amount of ICAM-1 have significant difference between the AS group and the normal group(P=2.47E-4, 6.02E-19, 1.11E-12, 2.51E-18). There was also significant difference between the control group and the AS group(P=0.005, 1.59E-14, 1.87E-5, 3.87E-14). The level of NO in the therapy group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.002). The levels of ET-1, hs-CRP and the amount of ICAM-1 did not have significant difference between the therapy group and the control group(P=0.81, 0.81, 0.48) Conclusion Guizhi Fuling Capsule has effects of Anti-atherosclerosis on rats with AS.

Objective To investigate the internal fixation for distal humeral fractures and its outcome .Methods A total of 74 patients with distal humeral fractures were performed surgical operation between Jan 2006 and Jun 2009 .According to AO/ASIF classification ,the factures were classified as type A (n=26) ,B(n=34)and C(n=14) .Internal fixation was applied to the patients , who did functional exercises after operation ,on the basis of classification .The healing of the fractures and the function the joints was examined via follow-up and X-ray films 1 ,3 and 6 months after operation .Results According to the Jupiter elbow score ,40 ca-ses were excellent ,22 cases were good ,12 cases were fair and 0 case was poor ,and the good rate was 83% .Conclusion Internal fix-ation with double plate ,is an effective therapeutic approach to distal humeral fractures in adults .Influencing factors of the efficacy include severity of the initial trauma ,operative scheme ,and post-operation functional recover .

Objective To analyze the motion, elastic and derived parameters of normal common carotid artery (CCA) wall in short-axis orientation with velocity vector imaging (VVI) technique. Methods Two-dimensional dynamic images of CCA in 40 healthy volunteers people were obtained in short-axis view with Siemens Acuson Sequoia 512 color Doppler ultrasound. The motion, elastic and derived parameters were analyzed in right CCA including 6 segments: Anterior wall, posterior wall, anterolateral wall, anterior internal wall, posterolateral wall and posterointernal wall. Relationship between these parameters and the influencing factors were analyzed as well. Results There was no statistical difference of the elastic parameters among 6 walls (P>0.05). Some of the motion parameters of the lateral wall and anterior wall were higher than those of the posterior wall and internal wall (P<0.05). Age and intima-media thickness were negatively correlated with some elastic parameters and some motion parameters (P<0.05). Heart rate were positively correlated with some elastic parameters and some motion parameters (P<0.05). Elastic parameters were positively correlated with motion parameters (P<0.05) and positive correlation was found between time to peak of elastic and motion parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion VVI is an effective technique for observing CCA mechanical characteristics of the movement in normal human, and has potential for studying some of related factors of the characteristics.