BACKGROUND: At present, it is affirmed that coping style is the important mediator between stress and health both on mental and body. The coping theory is descripted as three orientations: trait view, contextual view and interaction person-environment view. The conception and classification of the coping styles still remains to be explored. OBJECTIVE: To probe into the dimensions of coping styles, the characteristics of different coping styles and the correlation between coping styles and psychological adaptation among college students.DESTGN: Questionnaire investigation.SETTING: School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 343 college students were randomly chosen from Tianjin University, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin Normal University and Tianjin University of Finance and Economics. The college students, including 161 males and 182 females, were aged (19±2) years, ranging from 19 to 22 years. According to body health examniation records of them, all the college students had no serious chronic or acute illness. Written informed consents were obtained from all the college students.METHODS: The college students were measured collectively in their own classroom respectively from September to December in 1999. There were totally 16 class units. Altogether 422 copies of questionnaire files were sent out. Each copy includes Coping Styles Scales, Adolescent Psychological Adaptation Scales, and SCL-90.The questionnaires were collected once the college students completed. Copying styles were assessed with Coping Style Scale revised by Liang Baoyong, which includes 20 items. Each item gives one kind of coping strategies in daily life. For example, "To tell myself,my trouble is nothing matter When comparing with others, it is no worthy to be annoyant". The college students should be asked to answer on the 5-point Likert scale. These 20 items covered majority of coping styles which were used by adolescents. Two indexes were used as the results of psychological adaptation: one is Adolescent Psychological Adaptation Scale developed by Chen Huichang, including 20 items. Scores were collected on the 5-point Likert scale in which high scores mean better adaptation. Another result variable is the amount of SCL-90. High scores mean more symptoms with mental or physical state which stands for lower adaptation level. All the assessment data were input into Foxbase data-base, then were analyzed using factor analysis and cluster analysis in order to attain different kinds of college students coping styles. Correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between coping style and adaptation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coping styles of college students and correlation between different coping styles and adaptation results.RESULTS: A total of 422 copies of questionnaires were sent out, and 362 copies were drawn back, 19 copies were invalid questionnaires due to either there were missing answers or the answer had reflective tendency. At last, 343 sets of data entered the analysis procedure. ① According to factor analysis results, the main coping styles used by college students were F1 (seeking support), F2(positive thinking), F3(cognitive adjustment), F4(passive blame oneself), F5(facing reality), F6(avoidance), F7(emotional catharsis).There were three main coping styles from cluster analysis, that was, A (positive confrontation), B (passive avoidance) and C(passive catharsis).② Those who were more adaptive used A coping style more frequently, and those who had lower adaptation level used B or C coping style more frequently. But few students used C coping style. A coping style was significantly negatively correlated with mental or physical symptoms (r= -0.258,P＜ 0.01 ),but significantly positively correlated with adaptation level (r =0.467, P ＜ 0.01);But both B and C coping styles were significantly positively correlated with mental or physical symptoms (r=0.338, 0.364, P ＜ 0.01 ), B coping style was significantly negatively correlated with psychological adaptation(r =-0.140, P ＜ 0.05). It seemed that C coping style had no correlation with long-term adaptation. A and C coping styles were two dependent styles respectively. In addition, different levels of stress were significantly correlated with three styles. Few A coping styles were used under high level of stress, but more B and C coping styles did.CONCLUSION: Coping style is complex. Use of different copying styles is significantly correlated with psychological adaptation levels. But the direction of correlation is effected by the factors, such as individuals, index of results and degree of stress.

Objective: To discuss the influence of the fine care for newborn with severe pneumonia (SPIN) combining with respiratory failure (RF). Methods: 60 cases of SPIN with RF were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group. 28 cases of SPIN with RF in the observation group were received fine care observation group after treatment, in which 16 cases were male children and 12 cases were female children. The ages of these children were from 10d to 28d day, and their average age was 18.26 + 4.16 d. The weight was from 2.4kg to 4.4 kg, and their average weight was 3.11 + / - 0.44 kg. 32 cases of SPIN with RF in the control group were received routine nursing, in which 14 cases were male children and 18 cases were female children. The ages of these children were from 10d to 28d and their age was (10 ~ 28) d. Their average age was (18.33 + 4.07) d. The weight was from 2.4kg to 4.4 kg, and their average weight was 3.08 + / - 0.46 kg. Then we analyzed espectively respectively on two groups of children with pH, arterial blood gas analysis index of oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) level and the total time of mechanical ventilation, the incidence of adverse circumstance and nursing satisfaction. Results: The observation group with pH, PaO2, PaCO2, RR and level of HR after fine care is superior to the control group, and the differences were statistically significant difference (t= 4.36, 3.83, 2.23, 12.11, 5.45; P <0.05). The total time of mechanical ventilation in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant difference (t=7.63, P<0.05). The reintubation rate of the observation group was obviously lower than the control group and the difference was statistically significant (x2=3.83, P<0.05). Family satisfaction of nursing in the observation group was obviously higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (x2=18.49, P<0.05). Conclusion: Fine care can effectively improve the SPIN with RF with blood gas analysis index, shorten the time of mechanical ventilation therapy, alleviate the pain and reduce reintubation rate. It has higher clinical value.

Objective To systematically assess the diagnostic value of gene detection for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) .Methods A literature search was performed in the database of PubMed ,Web of Science ,Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) from databases establishing to March 2015 .Relevant studies on diagnostic value of gene detection for SBP were retrieved .Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS ) was applied for the included studies .Meta-analysis was conducted using bivariate random effects model .Summary receiver operator characteristic curves (SROC) was conducted to calculate area under curve (AUC) and was compared using Z test .Results Five studies with 423 specimen involved were included in the meta-analysis .The pooled sensitivity ,specificity ,diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) ,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of gene detection for the diagnosis of SBP were 0 .56 (95% CI:0 .49 -0 .62) ,0 .88 (95% CI:0 .83 -0 .92 ) ,9 .94 (95% C I:1 .76-56 .27 ) ,4 .35 (95% C I:1 .05 -18 .10 ) and 0 .47 (95% C I:0 .25 -0 .88 ) , respectively .The pooled sensitivity was significantly higher than that of bacterial culture (0 .25[95% CI:0 .19-0 .31]) .The AUC of SROC of gene detection was 0 .810 9 ,which was significantly higher than that of bacterial culture (AUC=0 .659 8 ,Z=3 .14 ,P<0 .01) .Subgroup analysis was conducted in patients with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)≥250 × 106/L in ascites .All the diagnostic indices of gene detection were inferior to those of bacterial culture for SBP ,except for the sensitivity of gene detection for SBP (0 .64[95% CI:0 .53 -0 .74] vs 0 .39[95% CI:0 .29 -0 .51]) .The diagnostic value of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection for SBP was inferior to that of bacterial culture in all the aspects except for the sensitivity (0 .54 [95% CI:0 .47 -0 .61 ] vs 0 .25 [95% CI:0 .19 -0 .31 ]) . Conclusions Gene detection shows higher sensitivity than bacterial culture .The diagnostic value of gene detection is influenced by diagnostic standards .qPCR also shows high sensitivity for SBP diagnosis ,while the diagnostic value was inferior to bacterial culture .More researches with high quality are required to validate the results of this study .

Objective To investigate the auditory sensory gating P50 in schizophrenia patients with homicide during three months of follow up. Methods Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia patients with homicide and 27 healthy adults matched with age and education level were recruited in the present study. P50 was recorded in twenty-seven normal controls and twenty-five schizophrenia patients at the baseline. P50 was repeatedly recorded in eleven patients who completed the follow-up at three months following antipsychotics treatment. The psychotic symptoms of patients were assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at the same time. Results ①In comparison with normal controls, schizophrenia patients with homicide showed increased S2-P50 amplitude (P<0.01), increased S2/S1 ratio (P<0.01), decreased S1-S2(P<0.05), and 100(1-S2/S1) (P<0.01) at the baseline and after three months treatment. The differences in P50 amplitude, latency, and P50 suppression index between the baseline and after three-month treatment in schizophrenia patients with homicide were not significant (P>0.05). ② Schizophrenia patients with homicide after three-month treatment showed decreased PANSS total scale, positive scale, general psychopathology scale, and six symptoms scales such as lack of response, thought disorder, activation, paranoid, depression, and aggression (P<0.05). ③ No significant correlations were found between the S2/S1 ratio, S2-S1, and 100(1-S2/S1) with disease duration, PANSS scores, and six symptoms scales at either baseline or after three-month treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Schizophrenia with homicide has sensory gating deficits and P50 suppression index might be a stable trait maker for schizophrenia with homicide.

Objective This study investigates the relationship of serum irfflammatory cytokine levels with intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) after surgery.Methods A total of 32 cases with severe TBI and placement of ICP monitor were prospectively enrolled.Serum was collected before surgery and every 12 h after surgery.Cytokines levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed and compared with outcome of patients.Hourly values of ICP were recorded.The degree of ICP above treatment threshold (20 mm Hg) were calculated every 12 h as pressure times time dose(PTD-ICP20),which was compared with serum cytokine levels before (Pre) and after (Post) the 12-hour time period using linear regression method.Results Serum IL-1β (P＜0.05),IL-8 (P＜0.01) and TNF-a (P＜0.01) levels elevated dramatically after severe TBI and were significantly associated with outcome of patients.Mean PTD-ICP20 was (42.9 ± 60.2)mm Hg/h and was correlated with increased Pre-IL-8 (r=0.554,P＜0.001),Pre-TNF-α (r=0.597,P＜0.001),Post-IL-8 (r=0.629,P＜0.001) and Post-TNF-α (r=0.538,P＜0.001) levels.Conclusion Serum IL-8 and TNF-α demonstrated the most promising candidate bio.rnarkers of impending ICP elevation in this study.These findings indicate a feasible way of monitoring patients with severe TBI.

ObjectiveTo study on the hyperlipidemia patient plasma cause atherosclerosis index and the blood,blood serum uric acid sticks and so on thrombosis risk factors of the relationship.Methods81 patients with hyperlipidemia patient and 80 cases of normal blood fat crowd as the research object,the two groups were measured blood fat including total bravery solid alcohol ( TC ),triglycerides (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ),low dense white lipoprotein LDL( solid bravery alcohol-C) levd,blood uric acid,whole blood viscosity,platelet aggregation function and serum C-reactive protein(CRP) content,and according to the TG and hdl-c than of both the logarithm of conversion values calculated the two groups of the plasma to atherosclerosis values,and by using the DuoYuan linear regression analysis with the blood acid,whole blood viscosity,platelet aggregation function and serum levels of CRP relationship.ResultsObservation group AIP(2.25 ±0.18) was significantly higher( 1.31 ±0.15 ) ( t =46.71,P ＜ 0.05 ),and AIP and LDL-C,uric acid,whole blood viscosity,platelet aggregation was positively correlated ( r =0.86,0.85,0.79,0.81,0.77,all P ＜ 0.05 ),with HDL-C was negatively correlated ( r =-0.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionPatients with hyperlipidemia plasma cause atherosclerosis index and patients,such as blood uric acid blood viscosity thrombosis dangerous close by,by early know patients plasma to atherosclerosis index,and monitor patients early blood uric acid and blood viscosity,thrombosis risk factors level,to facilitate accurate assessment of some patients with cardiovascular disease risk,and to guide to take reasonable early intervention measures,reduce cardiovascular events.

Objective:To investigate the reversing effect of recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor (rmh-TNF) on cisplatin(DDP)-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP in vitro and the related mechanism. Methods: DDP-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP was cultured in vitro. The cytotoxic effect of rmh-TNF to SKOV3/DDP cells was examined by MTT assay and the nontoxic dose of rmh-TNF was identified. The changes of DDP resistance was observed after cells were treated with nontoxic dose of rmh-TNF by MTT assay. The expre-ssion of GST-? protein was examined by flow cytometry at different periods after rmh-TNF intervention; RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of MDR1gene in SKOV3/DDP cells before and after rmh-TNF treatment. Results:(1)rmh-TNF at 50-122.34 U/ml showed no evident inhibitory effect on the growth of SKOV3/DDP cells (the cell survival rate higher than 90%); and 100 U/ml was chosen for the reversing experiment ( nontoxic dose).(2)IC50 values of SKOV3/DDP cells were (23.29?0.43), (8.97?0.69) and (6.43?0.79) ?g/ml after treatment with DDP for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively; and the values decreased to (19.50?0.50),(4.34?0.43) and (2.44?0.02)?g/ml after combined treatment with 100 U/ml rmh-TNF, respectively.(3)Expression of GST-? protein and MDR1gene decreased with the prolongation of rmh-TNF treatment. Conclusion: rmh-TNF has reversal effect on the DDP-resistant cell line SKOV3/DDP, and the mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of GST-? protein and MDR1gene expression.

Objective:To explore the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain mechanisms in visual change detection by 256-channel event-related potential (ERP) and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) analyses.Methods：ERP were recorded in 12 healthy participants during performing an S1-S2 matching task.Visual stimuli defined by color and shape.Each trial consisted of two sequentially presented stimuli (S1 and S2),where S2 was either the same as S1,different from S1 in shape only,different in color only,or different in both color and shape.Subjects matched the stimuli according to task demands：attending to color and attending to shape.Result：Change condition elicited change-related positivity (CRP) ranging 135～165 ms.The estimated source regions contributing to CRP were lingual gyrus and cuneus of occipital lobe.N200 was elicited in no change and task-irrelevant change condition ranging 235～275 ms.The source for N200 was in the right temporal fusiform gyrus,middle temporal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus.In the time window of 240～320 ms,N270 was elicited in all change conditions.The N270 source was localizable to the anterior cingulated cortex and amygdala.Conclusion：In the early stage,CRP reflects the preattentive processing of visual changes.The LORETA result confirms that CRP is generated in the early visual areas.N200 may be related to the active ignored processing of task-irrelevant change.The source for N200 is in the right temporal fusiform gyrus,middle temporal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus.In the late stage,N270 reflects the advanced processing of visual change in the human brain.The N270 source may be in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Shenfu injection (a Chinese herbal preparation of Aconitum and Ginseng) for the treatment of patients with post-resuscitation syndrome (PCAS) and to investigate its mechanism as well.Methods The data of 80 patients with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest were collected,and the patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The patients in experimental group received Shenfu injection in addition to conventional treatment,and the patients in control group just had the conventional treatment.The cerebral performance classification (CPC) scores,Glasgow Coma Scales cores and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores before treatment and on the 3rd,7th,14th and 28th days after treatment in the patients of two groups were monitored and compared.The length of ventilation time,total expenses and mortality of the patients were calculated and compared between two groups.Results The data of 3 patients were excluded from those of total 80 patients,because the information of those patients was not complete.Finally,there were 37 cases in experimental group and 40 patients in control group.The CPC scores of smrvived cases in experimental group were lower than those in control group on the 3rd,7th,14th and 28th days after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The Glasgow Coma Scale scores in experimental group were higher than those in control group on the 14th and 28th days after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The SOFA scores in experimental group were lower than those in control group on the 3rd,7th and 14th days after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in length of ventilation time and total expenses between two groups on the 3rd,7th,14th and 28th days after treatment (P ＞ 0.05).The mortality of the experimental group was lower than that in control group at the 28 th day after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The Shenfu injection could improve the prognosis of patients with post cardiac arrest syndrome.

Objective To explore the role of apoptosis-inducing factors (AIF) mediated non-apoptosis classic pathway involved in neuron apoptosis of rats with chronic fluorosis.Methods Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (body weight 100-120 g) were divided into two groups (30 rats in each group,half male and half female) by random number table according to body weight.Control group was fed with tap water with fluoride content ＜ 0.5 mg/L and fluorine group was fed with water with fluoride content of 50.0 mg/L.Both groups were fed with standard food with fluorine content ＜ 0.5 mg/kg.After 10 months,all the animals were sacrificed though heart perfusion using phosphate buffer,and brain tissue was taken.Immunohistochemical method was employed to detect the distribution of AIF in brain tissue.Western blotting was used to test the protein expression of AIF,cl-caspase-3 and cl-caspase-9.Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis rate.Results The AIF positive distribution and degree of staining in the neurons of hippocampal CA1,CA2 and CA3,as well as the parietal cortex (7.50 ± 2.17,9.00 ± 1.63,8.00 ±0.82,10.24 ± 1.80) in rats with chronic fluorosis were significantly higher than those of the control group (5.18 ±1.66,6.27 ± 1.42,6.36 ± 1.96,6.96 ± 2.62,t =2.76,4.09,2.45,5.77,all P ＜ 0.05).The AIF protein expression of neuronal mitochondria in the cerebral tissue of rats with chronic fluorosis [(89.46 ± 8.47)％] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(100.00 ± 7.12)％,t =3.16,P ＜ 0.01],while the AIF protein expression of the neuronal nucleus [(112.80 ± 7.10)％] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(100.00 ± 8.20)％,t =3.75,P ＜ 0.01];cl-caspase-3 and cl-caspase-9 protein expression in the neurons of hippocampus and cortex from the rats with chronic fluorosis [(132.14 ± 18.66)％,(107.31 ± 2.58)％,(121.33 ± 14.86)％,(112.97 ± 7.97)％]were significantly higher than those of the control group [(100.00 ± 11.99)％,(100.00 ± 3.74)％,(100.00 ± 16.87)％,(100.00 ± 8.04)％,t =3.55,3.94,2.32,2.81,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05].As compared with those of the control group [(1.28 ± 0.59)％,(1.88 ± 0.25)％],the apoptosis rates in hippocampus and cortex of the rats with chronic fluorosis [(2.55 ± 0.58)％,(3.05 ± 0.65)％] were significantly increased (t =3.08,3.40,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both of AIF-mediated caspase-independent apoptosis and the classic caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways have participated in neuron apoptosis in rat induced by chronic fluorosis,which may be one of the mechanisms of brain damage of the disease.