The peripherally inserted central catheter occlusion is not rare in adults.Its occurence is related with the catheter's tip position,catheter type and the skills of medical staff.Personnel training is particularly important in the prevention of occlusion.Urokinase and heparin can be used for thrombolysis.

Objective To determine the in vitro antifungal effects of closantel against Candida albicans.Methods A microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of fluconazole alone and in combination with closantel against Candida albicans standard strain CAF-2.Ten strains of Candida albicans were cultured in RPMI-1640 liquid culture containing 10％ calf serum with or without the presence of closantel at 16 mg/L,followed by the observation of hypha formation.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to observe the ultrastructure of Candida albicans CAF-2 strain after exposure to closantel at 16 mg/L for 24 hours.Results Closantel could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans,and enhance the antifungal effect of fluconazole against Candida albicans in vitro.The percentage of Candida albicans forming hypha was 91.2％ ± 3.9％ in untreated Candida albicans,significantly higher than that in closantel-treated Candida albicans (29.8％ ± 5.1％,t =30.24,P ＜ 0.05).As TEM showed,closantel-treated Candida albicans gave a round,oval or pleomorphic appearance,with an irregular budding from the cell surface.Further more,the electron dense layer in the outer layer of cell wall was absent or unevenly distributed,the transparent layer was irregularly thickened,some cell membrane was locally disrupted or collapsed,and intracellular vacuoles increased after closantel treatment.Scanning microscopy revealed a rough surface,sparse and irregular budding of Candida albicans after treatment with closantel.Conclusion Closantel exhibits a promising anti-Candida albicans property in vitro.

Objective To investigate the nasal endoscope Television Co-line self-retaining laryngoscope vo-cal polyps surgery treatment. Methods 121 cases diagnosed of vocal cord polyp (of which 54 cases of bilateral, u-nilateral 67 cases), in the serf-retaining laryngoscope and surveillance camera system of vocal cord polyp removed and opened Lacunar Reinke and will preoperative laryngoscopy and laryngoscopy after surgery and review the results of the video and retain. Results 4 weeks to review 70° nasal endoscope, and 116 cases of vocal sounds close to nor-mal, the cure rate reached 95.9 percent, and the remaining five cases because of vocal hypertrophy or incomplete closure of the vocal cords, sounds worse than normal shoots. Follow-up 3～18 months without recurrence, no serious complications. Conclusion The nasal endoscope and television surveillance camera system of amplification, in par-ticular, Reinke Lacunar throat image more clearly, so that lesions can be completely removed, and the vocal cords can be a very good organization had to protect, and by retaining the video can be pre-operative, during and after vo-cal dynamic comparative situation.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness, the influence on cellular immune function and the side-effect of bacillus of Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid(BCG-PSN)combined with antituberculous chemotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods A total of 60 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were divided into treatment group(30 patients)and control group(30 patients)by random digits table. All patients accepted the same standard antituberculous chemotherapy, meanwhile patients in treatment group were injected with BCG-PSN. Observed and compared the clinical symptom,the size of the focas nidus,the change of toxic response and immunity. Results The symptoms were significantly relieved in both groups after treatment(P＜0.05), but it was significantly better in treatment group(P＜0.05), the effective rate and control rate in treatment group[36.7%(11/30),96.7%(29/30)]were significantly higher than those in control group[23.3%(7/30), 86.7%(26/30)](P ＜ 0.05). After treatment,the levels of CD3,CD4 and IL-2 were higher, and the level of CD8 was lower, but the treatment group improved significantly better than control group(P ＜ 0.05). The rate of leukopenia was lower in treatment group than that in control group[10.0%(3/30)vs. 33.3%(10/30),P ＜0.05]. As to the safety,no other toxicities were observed in the treatment group. Conclusions BCG-PSN combined with antituberculous chemotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis contributes to relieve the symptom, reduce size of the nidus, decrease leukopenia incidence and enhance the cell immunity. It is safe.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanisms of beta3 adrenoceptor subtypes mediating rat detrusor relaxation. Methods Cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) was detected by radioimmunoassay, the effects of the cyclic AMP inhibitor SQ 22,536 and the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase inhibitor H 89 on the relaxation elicited by ISO and BRL37344A in the rat ditrusor were investigated based on pharmacological evaluations. Results After the stimulating of ? AR by ISO, the levels of intracellular cAMP was increased, and the relaxation mediated via ISO could be partly inhibited by SQ 22,536 or H 89 The concentrations of intracellular cAMP had no changes in the presence of SQ 22,536 or H 89, and the relaxant responses to BRL37344A was not affected by SQ 22,536 or H 89. Conclusion The effects of ISO via? AR on relaxant responses to detrusor was mediated mainly by the cyclic AMP independent pathway and in part by the cyclic AMP dependent pathway, but cAMP PKA pathway were not involved in the beta3 adrenoceptor signaling pathway

Objective To compare magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) characteristics and changes before and after 5-Fu interventional thermochemotherapy (ITC) as well as to analyze the correlation of Cho/Lip and apoptosis index (AI) in hepatic VX2 carcinoma animal model.Methods 20 rabbit models of hepatic VX2 carcinoma were implanted successfully.Ten days later,as tumor diameter≥ 10 mm,routine scan and 1H-MRS were performed before one day and after 14 days on all of rabbits by Philips 1.5T MR scanner.The changes of Cho peak,Lip peak and the ratio of Cho/Lip before and after the treatment were analyzed.Specimens of AI were examined and compared with the ratio of Cho/Lip.Results The Cho peak and Lip peak were increased before ITC.After ITC,the Cho peak and the ratio of Cho/Lip decreased than before.The Lip peak was further increased than that of before.AI was correlated negatively with the ratio of Cho/Lip (r =-0.56,P =0.02).Conclusions The metabolites of different ROI are matched with the levels and scopes of AI.1H-MRS can be used to evaluate tumor cell apoptosis and energy metabolism changes of the rabbit models of hepatic VX2 carcinoma with the treatment.

A retrospective analysis was carried out in 36 patients with blunt diaphragmatic rupture during March 1991 and March 2006. Twenty-two diagnoses were confirmed preoperatively, and the rest 14were confirmed perioperatively. Three patients underwent surgical treatment after no response to conservative therapy. Thoracotomy was performed in 21 patients, laparotomy in 9, thoracotomy plus laparotomy in 5 and combined thoraco-laparotomy in 1. Most diaphragmatic rupture may be caused by blunt collision and could lead to thoracoabdominal injury. In spite of high mortality rate, the condition is usually under diagnosed. Definite diagnosis and timely operation are important to increase survival rate and reduce mortality.

Objective:To provide a retrospective analysis of the levels of occupational external exposure of radiation workers in Hubei province from 2009 to 2018 in a way to prevent and control its risks.Methods:The external individual doses were surveyed for 50 070 radiation workers between 2009 and 2018 by the effort of the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Under the relevant national standards, the external radiation doses to radiation workers were conducted by using TLDs.Results:The average annual collective effective dose to radiation workers in a 10 years period was 1.93 man·Sv, the median of average annual effective dose of 0.14 mSv ( P25- P75: 0.06-0.30 mSv), and the average annual effective dose of 0.40 mSv. The annual effective doses received by 46 562 workers were less than 1 mSv, accounting for 92.99% of the total monitored workers. The annual effective dose varied dependent on occupational categories, showing a year-by-year decline trend and staying at a low level after 2012. The relative high radiation doses were seen in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology in medical applications, non-destructive testing and well logging in industrial applications, and other types of radiation applications. Conclusions:The average annual effective dose decreased year in a by year manner and kept at a low level. This indicated that the radiological protection measures taken during the 10 years ensure the health of workers. The continuous monitoring result suggest that much more attention should be paid to such categories workers as nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, non-destructive testing, well logging and others through improving radiation protection measures.

Objective To investigate the influence of intravenous infusion by double-lumen peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)on continuous dynamic central venous pressure(CVP)monitoring.Methods In the patient undergoing the double-lemon PICC,continuous dynamic CVP monitoring was performed by a lumen and the intravenous infusion was conducted by another lu-men.Whether the simultaneous venous infusion affecting the values of continuous dynamic CVP monitoring was observed.Results Intravenous infusion through double-lumen PICC had no influence on simultaneously continuous dynamic CVP monitoring (P>0.05),which could influence the values of CVP monitoring when simultaneously using the intravenous infusion pump(P<0.05). The speed of pumping fluid had no influence in a shout time(10 min),with significant difference(P>0.05).The CVP values could recovered to the status before infusion when continuously infusing after stopping using the infusion pump.Compared with before in-fusion,the CVP values after stopping intravenous infusion had no obvious change(P>0.05).Conclusion Intravenous infusion by double-lumen PICC has no influence on continuous dynamic CVP monitoring.But simultaneously adding infusion pump has certain influence on the CVP monitoring values.

Rapidly and accurately quantitative analysis of whole-cell sugars in some strains of actinomycetes by GC-MS was performed in this paper. After the polysaccharides were hydrolyzed, deoxidized and esterified , the alditol acetate derivates was analyzed by GC-MS. The derivates of rhamnose, ribose, arabinose , xylose, madurose, mannose, glucose, galactose were separated commendably under this condition. The ratio of the peak area was calculated to get the relative percentage of the various sugars.