Objective To investigate the effect of isosorbide mononitrate on the levels of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL-6 in lung tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Methods Fourteen-week-old Wistar and SHR male rats were randomly divided into the W0,W1,S0 and S1 group,with 10 rats ineach group.Rats in the W0 and S0 group were fed with the normal saline and the ordinary food,rats in the W1 and S1 group were fed with isosorbide mononitrate and the ordinary food.Twelve weeks later,levels of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL6 in rat lung tissue were detected.Results Compared with the W0 group,levels of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL6 were significantly increased in the W1 groups (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).Compared with the SO group,levels of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL6 were significantly increased in the S1 group (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).In the W1 and S1 group,levels of iNOS and NO were positively correlated with IL-1 and IL-6.Conclusion 1.Isosorbide mononitrate may lead to increases of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL6 in lung tissue of Wistar rats,which indicates the presence of chronic inflammation.2.Longterm feeding of isosorbide mononitrate may lead to increases of inflammatory factors in SHR rats,contributing to the inflammatory state in rats.

[Objective] To compare the efficacy of Chinese traditional medicine,metformin and cyproterone on reducing insulin resistance,improve metabolic status of glucose and lipid and raise ovulation rate in women with polycysitic ovarian syndrome.[Methods] 100 women with PCOS were divided into three groups:40 patients chosen to be treated by Chinese traditional medicine.The rest were randomly divided into two groups which both contain 30 patients.One group is treated by metformin while another one is treated by cyproterone.Total 87 patients finished the treatment of three months.Basal body temperature(BBT),body mass index,total testosterone,fasting serum insulin and blood sugar levels as well as lipid spectrum were measured and compared among all the patients before and after treatment.[Results] No significant difference is found in the baseline characteristics among three groups before treatment.In Chinese traditional medicine group,90%(36/40)patients finished the treatment,and 33%(12/36)patients ovulated.In metformin group,86%(26/30)patients finished the treatment,and 19%(5/26)patients ovulated.In cyproterone group,83%(25/30)patients finished the treatment,and 16%(4/25)patients ovulated.Ovulation rate was significantly higher in Chinese traditional medicine group than those in metformin and cyproterone groups.There was significant difference between Chinese traditional medicine group and cyproterone group(P

Objective To study the morphological variations of maxillary sinus and to provide anatomical basis for maxillary posterior teeth implantation and extraction usingcone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan-ning. Methods CBCT images from 403 patients were reviewed. The minimal distance from sinus floor to alveolar ridge wasmeasured and the number of patients with clinical features such as having sinus septum , mucosal thicken-ing and posterior teeth roots extend into maxillary sinus were counted. Results The mean value of the minimal dis-tance from maxillary sinus floor to alveolar ridge was about 8.3 mm, there was no significant statistical difference between sex, but there was a significant statisticalsignificant difference between the left sides and the right sides. Occurrences of sinus septum, mucosal thickening and roots into sinus were 98.6%, 31% (in which 56.3% of mu-cosal thickening were related to apical periodontitis) and 47%. there was no significantstatisticaldifference between the two sides in males females. Conclusions The morphological variations of maxillary sinus are significant. Chron-ic inflammation in maxillary sinuis is closely related to the position of maxillary posterior teeth roots and periapical lesions.

The aim of the study is to establish a platform to deliver therapeutic proteins into target cells through a polyarginine-based cell penetrating peptide. To facilitate the expression of therapeutic proteins, a pSUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier)-R9-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) prokaryotic expression vector was constructed. After induction, the fusion protein SUMO-R9-EGFP was efficiently expressed. To validate the cell penetrating ability of the fusion protein, HepG2 cells were incubated with the purified R9-EGFP or EGFP protein as control, internalization of the fluorescent proteins was examined by either flow cytometry or confocal microscopy. The result obtained by flow cytometry showed that the R9-EGFP fusion protein could efficiently penetrate into the HepG2 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the fluorescence was barely detected in the HepG2 cells incubated with EGFP control. The fluorescence intensity of the R9-EGFP treated cells reached plateau phase after 1.5 h. The result obtained by confocal microscopy shows that R9-EGFP efficiently entered into the HepG2 cells and was exclusively located in the cytoplasm, whereas, no fluorescence was detected in the cells incubated with the EGFP control. The heparin inhibition experiment showed that heparin could inhibit penetrating effect of the R9-EGFP protein by about 50%, suggesting that the penetrating ability of the fusion protein is heparin-dependent. In summary, the study has established a platform to deliver therapeutic proteins into target cells through a polyarginine-based penetrating peptide.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Peptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology

Insulin is the most common medicine used for diabetic patients, unfortunately, its effective time is short, even the long-acting insulin cannot obtain a satisfactory effect. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is a recently discovered glucose mediator and expected to be a potential anti-diabetic drug that does not rely on insulin. In this study, db/db mice were used as the type 2 diabetic model to examine whether mFGF-21 has the long-term blood lowering effect on the animal model. The results showed that mFGF-21 could stably maintain the blood glucose at normal level for a long-term in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of mFGF-21 once a day with three doses (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg x kg(-1)) could maintain blood glucose of the model animals at normal level for at least 24 h. Administration of mFGF-21 every two days with the same doses could maintain blood glucose of the model animals at normal level for at least 48 h, although it took longer time for blood glucose to reach to normal level depending on doses used (twenty injections for 0.125 mg x kg(-1) and 0.25 mg x kg(-1) doses, ten injections for 0.5 mg x kg(-1) dose). Surprisingly, the blood glucose of the treated model animals still maintained at normal level for 24 h after the experiment terminated. Glycosylated hemoglobin level of the animals treated with mFGF-21, which represented long-term glucose status, decreased significantly compared to the control group and the insulin group. The results suggest that FGF-21 has potential to become a long-acting and potent anti-diabetic drug.

Objective To investigate the availability and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation for hospitalized patients with acute exacerba-tion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Seventy-two hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD were randomly included into test group (n=36) and control group (n=36) from June, 2015 to June, 2016. All the patients accepted management of anti-infection, phlegm elimination, antiasthma, etc., as well as the guidance of expectoration and health education; while the test group ac-cepted pulmonary rehabilitation from the third day of admission to discharge. Their strength of hand grip, 1-minute sit-to-stand test (STST), the days of hospitalization, lung function parameters, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scores and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores were measured before and after treatment. Results Compared with the control group, the strength of hand grip (t=2.985, P<0.01) and number of STST (t=2.024, P<0.05) increased, while the scores of CAT (t=3.222, P<0.01) and mMRC (t=2.212, P<0.05) de-creased in the test group. The hospital stay seemed to be shorter in the test group than in the control group, but there was no significant dif-ference (t=1.433, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in lung function after treatment in both groups (Z<1.031, P>0.05). Conclu-sion Pulmonary rehabilitation is effective on hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD in muscle strength, capability of activi-ties, and relieve the symptoms.

BACKGROUND:Diffusion conditions of bone cement in vertebral fracture line may be one of the main factors affecting the therapeutic effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty, but there are less related studies. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of diffusion conditions of bone cement in vertebral fracture line on the therapeutic outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty. METHODS: CR and MRI data of 77 patients with T1-L2 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, 28 males and 49 females, aged 55-86 years, undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty were analyzed. Al the patients were divided into test group (n=53, bone cement diffused wel in the vertebral fracture line) and control group (n=24, bone cement dispersion was unsatisfactory). Visual analogue scale, Oswestry disability index and Cobb angle change in the two groups were measured and compared before and after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no difference in the visual analogue scale score, Oswestry disability index and Cobb angle between the two groups before operation, but these parameters were al improved significantly in the two groups after 2 days and 6 months of operation (P< 0.05). The visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index were significantly lower in the test group than the control group at 2 days after operation (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups at 6 months after operation. The Cobb angle and vertebral colapse rate became lower in the test group than the control group at 6 months after operation (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in the re-fracture rate between the two groups. These findings indicate that poor bone cement dispersion in the fracture line can affect the relief of short-term pain and dysfunction and it can increase the possibility of long-term secondary vertebral colapse.

BACKGROUND:Whether there is a necessary connection or internal patterns between the amount of bone cement-recovery of vertebral height-clinical efficacy has no evidence-based medicine findings in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures using percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of vertebral height in the elderly with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection.
METHODS:A total of 110 elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (139 vertebrae) were admitted at the Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2011 to December 2012. Al the patients received percutaneous vertebroplasty by the same group of surgeons. Bone cement at drawing stage was injected into the fractured vertebra. During the 12-month folow-up, visual analogue scale, Barthel index and vertebral height restoration were observed as evaluation indexes.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The surgical treatment was done successfuly in the 110 patients (139 vertebrae). The amount of bone cement per vertebra was 3-6 mL, with a mean of 3.5 mL. At 12 months after surgery, the visual analog scale scores were decreased from 7.9 to 1.8, Barthel index was increased from 40.25 to 82.21, both of which were improved significantly (P < 0.05). After surgery, the vertebral heights at the anterior and middle parts were increased by (81.25±9.26)% and (78.22±10.65)%, respectively, and there was significant differences before ant at 24 hours, 3 months and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05). During the folow-up, there were five vertebrae with bone cement leakage, but no clinical symptoms occurred, and no nerve injury or pulmonary embolism happened. These findings indicate that percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement injection can effectively relieve pain, restore the vertebral height, reduce the incidence of complications and shorten the recovery time in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Objective To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of recombinant human endostatin injection (endostar) continuous pumping combine with chemotherapy injection in the treatment of advanced malignancies . Methods 156 patients with advanced cancer were divided into the chemotherapy group (78 cases) and the chemotherapy combined with endostar group (78 cases). The two groups were similar in the tumor types, the neoplasm staging, the KPS and the chemotherapy agents. After two cycles chemotherapy, the efficacy was evaluated according to RECIST criteria and the quality of life (QOL) was assessed by KPS scores. Results The objective response rate (RR) of the chemotherapy combined with endostar group was 39.74%(31/78). The RR of the chemotherapy group was 17.95%(14/78). There was statistics significance in the RRs of the two groups (P<0.05). The QOL of 42 cases (53.8%) were improved, 26 cases (33.3%) were in stable and 10 cases (12.8%) were decreased in the chemotherapy combined with endostar group. The QOL were improved in 30 cases (38.5 %), stabled in 17 cases (21.8 %) and decreased in 31 cases (39.7 %) in the chemotherapy group. There were significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.05). The main adverse reactions were myelosuppression and digestive tract reaction in both groups (P>0.05), and all patients can tolerate. Conclusion The QOL of patients with advanced malignant tumors are improved by endostar combined with chemotherapy which is safe and effective. It is worthy further clinical observation.

This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on hypertension induced by insulin resistance in rats and to provide mechanistic insights into its therapeutic effect. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with high-fructose (10%) water to develop mild hypertensive models within 4 weeks, then randomized into 4 groups: model control, FGF21 0.25, 0.1 and 0.05 micromol x kg(-1) x d(-1) groups. Five age-matched normal SD rats administrated with saline were used as normal controls. The rats in each group were treated once a day for 4 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured noninvasively using a tail-cuff method, insulin sensitivity was assessed using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HOMA-IR assay. At the end of the treatment, blood samples were collected, and blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and serum insulin were measured. The results showed that blood pressure of the rats treated with different doses of FGF21 returned to normal levels [(122.2 +/- 3.5) mmHg, P < 0.01] after 4-week treatment, whereas, SBP of untreated (model control) rats maintained a high level [(142.5 +/- 4.5) mmHg] throughout the treatment. The observation of blood pressure in 24 h revealed that SBP of FGF21 treated-rats maintained at (130 +/- 4.5) mmHg vs. (143 +/- 5.5) mmHg for model control (P < 0.01). FGF21 treatment groups improved serum lipids obviously, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels decreased significantly to normal levels. The serum NO levels of three different doses FGF21 treatment group were significantly higher than that of the model control group [(7.32 +/- 0.11), (7.24 +/- 0.13), (6.94 +/- 0.08) vs. (6.56 +/- 0.19) micromol x L(-1), P < 0.01], and the degree of improvement showed obvious dose-dependent manner, indicating that FGF21 can significant increase serum NO in fructose-induced hypertension rat model and improve endothelial NO release function. The results of OGTT and HOMA-IR showed that insulin resistance state was significantly relieved in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, this study demonstrates that FGF21 significantly ameliorates blood pressure in fructose-induced hypertension model by relieving insulin resistance. This finding provides a theoretical support for clinical application of FGF21 as a novel therapeutics for treatment of essential hypertension.