Sepsis leads to inhibition of protein synthesis , known as leucine resistance .mTOR regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1.AMPK is an important negative regulator of mTOR and its activity is in an abnormal state in sep-sis.This review briefly discusses the AMPK/mTOR pathway in Sepsis-induced leucine resistance .

Objective To investigate the relationship between keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), nerve growth factor(NGF)and psoriasis;and to study the interaction between keratinocytes and interstitial cells in psoriasis. Methods The expression of KGF, KGF receptor (KGFR), NGF, NGF receptor (NGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proliferating cell neuclear antigen (PCNA) was studied with immunohistochemical technique (SP) in lesional skin, non lesional skin and normal controls. Results Significant overexpression of KGF and KGFR was present in psoriatic basal cell layers and suprabasal cell layers compared to that in non lesional and normal controls (P0.05). Expression of KGF and KGFR was absent in dermis. Expression of NGF and NGFR was observed mainly in granular cell layers and upper spinous layers, and was significantly different between normal controls and non lesional, between non lesional and lesional skin (P

Objective: To explore the mediating effects of activities of daily living (ADL) and social interaction on the relationship between intergenerational support and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Methods: Basic information, ADL, social interaction and intergenerational support from children of the elderly aged 60 years and above were collected through the 2020 database of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Short Version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scales, and the mediating effects of ADL and social interaction on intergenerational support and depressive symptoms in the elderly was analyzed using Process program. Results: A total of 3 174 individuals were enrolled, including 1 638 males (51.61%) and 1 536 females (48.39%), and 2 264 individuals were aged 60 to <70 years (71.33%). The median score of depressive symptoms was 8 (interquartile range, 13), with 1 346 individuals (42.41%) identified as having depressive symptoms. The median scores of intergenerational support from children, ADL, and social interaction were 2 (interquartile range, 3), 0 (interquartile range, 1) and 3 (interquartile range, 6), respectively. Intergenerational support negatively affected depressive symptoms through the independent mediating effects of ADL (effect value=-0.224, 95%CI: -0.288 to -0.161) and social interaction (effect value=-0.516, 95%CI: -0.807 to -0.228), and negatively affected depressive symptoms via the chain mediating role of ADL and social interaction (effect value=-0.184, 95%CI: -0.237 to -0.134). The total mediating effect value was -0.924, accounting for 46.67% of the total effect. Conclusion Intergenerational support has a negative indirect impact on depressive symptoms in the elderly, mediated through ADL and social interaction.

The aim of the study is to establish a platform to deliver therapeutic proteins into target cells through a polyarginine-based cell penetrating peptide. To facilitate the expression of therapeutic proteins, a pSUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier)-R9-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) prokaryotic expression vector was constructed. After induction, the fusion protein SUMO-R9-EGFP was efficiently expressed. To validate the cell penetrating ability of the fusion protein, HepG2 cells were incubated with the purified R9-EGFP or EGFP protein as control, internalization of the fluorescent proteins was examined by either flow cytometry or confocal microscopy. The result obtained by flow cytometry showed that the R9-EGFP fusion protein could efficiently penetrate into the HepG2 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. In contrast, the fluorescence was barely detected in the HepG2 cells incubated with EGFP control. The fluorescence intensity of the R9-EGFP treated cells reached plateau phase after 1.5 h. The result obtained by confocal microscopy shows that R9-EGFP efficiently entered into the HepG2 cells and was exclusively located in the cytoplasm, whereas, no fluorescence was detected in the cells incubated with the EGFP control. The heparin inhibition experiment showed that heparin could inhibit penetrating effect of the R9-EGFP protein by about 50%, suggesting that the penetrating ability of the fusion protein is heparin-dependent. In summary, the study has established a platform to deliver therapeutic proteins into target cells through a polyarginine-based penetrating peptide.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Peptides ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and treatment of upper cervical spine injuries in the elderly. Methods A retrospective study was done on clinical data of 28 elderly patients ( > 60 years old) with upper cervical spine injuries treated from January 2003 to December 2007. There were 20 males and 8 females, at age range of 60-86 years (mean 68.1 years). Injury causes included slip in 16 patients, traffic injury in eight and fall from height in four. Atlas fractures occurred in five patients and axis ones in 15,of which there were eight patients with odontoid fractures, six with C2 vertebral arch fractures and one with C2 body fractures. Upper cervical spine injury was combined with lower cervical spine injuries in five patients. There were combined atlantoaxial injuries including odontoid fractures combined with lateral atlas fracture in one and edontoid fractures combined with anterior atlas arch fracture in one. Atlantoaxial dislocation occurred in one patient and combined spinal injury in four. Of all, eight patients were treated conservatively, eight with open surgical operation and 12 with minimally invasive surgery. Results The average hospital stay was 16.5 days, with no statistical difference be-tween conservative treatment group and open surgical operation group ( P > 0.05 ). While the average hos-pital stay in minimally invasive surgery group was shorter than that in conservative treatment and open sur-gical operation groups ( P < 0.05 ). Of all, two patients in conservative treatment group and one in open surgical operation group died and the other 25 patients were followed up for average 16.8 months (9-56 months). The satisfaction rate was 50% in conservative treatment group, 72% in open surgical operation group and 75% in minimally invasive surgery group. Complications occurred in four patients in conserva-tive treatment group, three in open surgical operation group and two in minimally invasive surgery group. Conclusions With odontoid fracture the most common injury type, upper cervical spine injuries arema-inly caused by low-energy force and characterized by low mobidity of spinal cord injuries and high possi-bility of missed diagnosis in the elderly patients. The surgical treatment especially minimally invasive surgery can bring good results compared with conservative methods.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical audiological significance in the diagnosis of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) by the auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing. METHOD: Patients with sensorineural hearing loss were examined by temporal bone CT scanning from January, 2008 to September, 2009. The result of CT scanning of 70 cases inner ear malformation were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups, LVAS group including 38 cases (76 ears) and other inner ear malformation group including 32 cases (62 ears). All patient accepted clinical audiology analysis and auditory brainstem response (ABR) test. RESULT: Twenty-four cases (41 ears) of LVAS group were detected with ASNR in 2 3 cm by the ABR testing, the positive rate was 54%, while ASNR was not detected in patients of other inner ear malformations group. There was significant differences (P=0.01) of the ASNR between two groups. CONCLUSION There is high incidence of LVAS on the patients with non-syndromic deafness. ASNR by ABR testing could help diagnosing the LVAS.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear, Inner ; abnormalities ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Syndrome ; Vestibular Aqueduct ; abnormalities

Objective To investigate complications associated with Coflex interspinous process device for degenerative lumbar disc diseases and methods to treat.Methods Clinical data of 121 patients with degenerative lumbar disc diseases,who had undergone surgical decompression and additional fixation of Coflex between November 2007 and June 2011,was analyzed retrospectively.There were 76 males and 45 females,aged from 37 to 75 years (average,54.6 years).Surgery-related complications and sequelae were recorded and analyzed.Results Surgery-related complications occurred in 10 patients,and the incidence was 8.3％ (10/121).There were 3 cases of device-related complications,including wing break in 1 case,prosthetic loosening in 1 case and spinal process fracture in 1 case; all 3 cases were treated conservatively and received good results.There were 7 cases of non-device-related complications,including dura mater dilaceration in 2 cases,superficial wound infection in 1 case,insufficient decompression of spinal canal in 2 cases,recurrence of disc herniation in 1 case,and intraspinal hematoma in 1 case; the former 3 patients recovered after corresponding treatment,and the latter 4 patients also recovered after re-operation.Conclusion The incidences of complications and re-operation associated with application of Coflex are low,and the incidence of device-related complications is also low.The precise intraoperative manipulation is the key to reduce incidence of device-related complications.It's absolutely necessary to strictly master surgical indications and perform sufficient decompression in order to receive good surgical results and avoid non-device-related complications.

Objective To compare the therapeutic outcomes between laparoscopic radical Rephrectomy and open radical nephrectomy for renal cancer. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital from January 2006 to July 2009.Sixty-two cases were randomly divided into 2 groups:laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open radical nephrectomy.Primary outcome(post-operative hospital stay)and second outcome(estimated blood loss,operative time,incision length,post-operative complications,recurrence,metastasis and survival)were compared between 2 groups. Results Post-operative hospital stay was(5.4±1.3)d in laparoscopic group and(8.1±2.2)d in open group(P<0.05).Median estimated blood loss was 100 ml in laparoseopic group and 200 ml in open group(P<0.05).There were no significant difference between teh 2 groups in operative time,post-operative complications,recurrence,metastasis and survival rates(P>0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic nephrectomy could reduce hospital stay,which provides a minimally invasive approach for renal cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effects of lactoprotein iron chelates on rats with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), so as to provide insights into developing and utilizing novel iron supplements. Methods: Seventy weaning female SPF-graded rats of the SD strain were randomly divided into the control group (A), model group (B), ferrous sulfate group (C), lactoferrin group (D), lactoferrin iron chelate group (E), Casein oligopeptide iron chelate group (F) and whey protein oligopeptide iron chelate group (G), with 10 rats in each group. The rats in group A were fed with normal diet, and the others were fed with poor iron diet for IDA modeling. The corresponding interventions were given by intragastric administration once a day. The iron ion concentrations of group C, E, F and G were 2.0 mg/kg, and the protein and oligopeptide concentrations of group D, E, F and G were 2 000 mg/kg. Body weight and hemoglobin of rats were measured weekly during 21-day intervention. At the end, peripheral blood samples were collected, and blood routine, iron metabolism and liver function indicators were determined. Results: After the intervention, among blood routine indicators, the rats in group C, E, F and G showed elevated hemoglobin, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit, and decreased free protoporphyrin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration when compared with the rats in group B (all P<0.05); among iron metabolism indicators, the rats in group C, E and G showed elevated serum ferritin, the rats in group C, E, F and G showed elevated serum iron, the rats in group C, D, E, F and G showed decreased unsaturated iron binding capacity and total iron binding capacity when compared with the rats in group B (all P<0.05); among liver function indicators, the rats in group E and G showed decreased alanine transaminase when compared with the rats in group B (both P<0.05). Conclusions Lactoprotein alone could not completely improve IDA in rats compared with traditional iron supplement (ferrous sulfate). Lactoprotein iron chelate, especially whey protein oligopeptide iron chelate, could significantly improve IDA, iron reserve and liver function damage in rats.

Objective To investigate the correlation between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the development of high risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV)-related cervical cancer. Methods A total of 112 cases of cervical tissue were collected, including 16 normal cervical tissues, 55 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) tissues and 41 squamous cervical cancer (SCC) tissues. The expression of CD163+ macrophages in the cervical tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method, and the results were analyzed in relation with the clinical data of the patients. Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the cell density of CD163+macrophages increased progressively with the increase in the tissue malignancy, in the order of normal cervical tissue, CIN I, CIN II-III, and SCC. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between CD163 + macrophage density and tissue malignancy (P=0.000). The density of CD163 + macrophages was significantly upregulated in HR-HPV-positive SCC tissue (P<0.05). CD163+ macrophages were positively correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis (P=0.005) and FIGO stage (P=0.004) of SCC. Conclusion The expression of CD163+macrophages is positively correlated with malignant transformation of cervical tissues, and hr-HPV infection is significantly correlated with CD163 expression level in the macrophages. CD163+ macrophages can be used as predictors of the occurrence and progression of cervical cancer caused by hr-HPV infection.