Aim To investigate the effect of Salidroside on the focal celebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and its underlying mechanism. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 260-300 g, were ran-domly divided into three groups: sham, MCAO, MCAO+salidroside ( Sal ) groups. The rats were sub-jected to local celebral ischemia reperfusion with su-
ture-occluded method. The rats of MCAO +Sal group were treated intraperitoneally with salidroside ( 50 mg ·kg-1 ) for 6 days. Neurological deficit testing was performed with Longa’ s Scale. The mRNA expressions of Neun,Nogo-A,and NgR were detected by RT-qPCR in ischemic brain. The protein expressions of Neun, NGF , BDNF , Nogo-A and NgR were determined by
Western blot. Results Compared with MCAO group, salidroside significantly improved the neurological defi-cit,promoted the expressions of Bcl-2,Neun,NGF,BD-NF, and inhibited the expressions of Nogo-A, NgR. Conclusion Salidroside can reduce neurological defi-cit, increase the number of Nissl’ s Body and the ex-pression of Neun, and protect rats against focal cele-
bral ischemia/reperfusion injury,which may be accom-plished by increasing the expressions of Bcl-2, NGF, BDNF, and inhibiting the expressions of Nogo-A, NgR.

Aim To investigate glucose uptake effects and mechanism of emodin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods LPS-induced differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipo-cytes were divided into control group and emodin ( 1 , 10, 50 μmol · L-1 ) groups. Then, 6-NBDG uptake and the expression of cell surface GLUT4 , PPARγ, AMPKα1/2 , p-AMPKα1/2 , IRS-1 , p-IRS-1 , Adi-ponectin, chREBP-α and chREBP-β were detected. The ability of 6-NBDG uptake in LPS-induced 3 T3-L1 adipocytes was also evaluated following interference with AMPK inhibitor and PPARγinhibitor, respective-ly. Meanwhile, STZ-induced diabetic rats were ran-domly divided into control group and emodin treatment group. The mRNA expression of Adiponectin and pro-tein expression of cell surface GLUT4 , AMPKα1/2 , p-AMPKα1/2 were measured. Results Compared with the control group, emodin improved the mRNA expres-sion of cell surface GLUT4, Adiponectin, chREBP-αand chREBP-β, and protein expression of cell surface GLUT4 , PPARγ, IRS-1 , p-IRS-1 , AMPKα1/2 and p-AMPKα1/2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes(P<0. 05). Emodin enhanced 6-NBDG uptake and the uptake of emodin group was both decreased following interference with AMPK inhibitor and PPARγ inhibitor, respectively ( P<0. 05 ) . Emodin also increased the mRNA expression of Adiponectin and protein expression of cell surface GLUT4 , AMPKα1/2 and p-AMPKα1/2 in adipose tis-sue of T2 DM rats ( P <0. 05 ) . Conclusion Emodin can enhance glucose uptake in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and the mechanism is probably associated with activating Adiponectin and IRS-1 , thereby activating AMPK and PPARγ.

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effect of salidroside in MCAO rats. Methods The rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion with suture-occluded method, and the neurologic injury and infarct size of rats were evaluated. According to the gene chip detected, the protein expressions of caspase-3 , cleaved caspase-3 were determined and the mRNA expressions of IL-6, Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, Hbb, CD44, Pnpla2, Slc6a5 and Slc5a7 were tested. Re-sults Compared with MCAO group, salidroside signif-icantly improved the neurological deficit, reduced the infarct sizes, inhibited the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 protein and IL-6 mRNA, promoted the ex-pressions of Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, Hbb, and reduced the expressions of CD44 , Pnpla2 , Slc6 a5 and Slc5 a7 . Conclusions Salidroside can reduce the neurological deficit and infarct size, and protect rats against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be ac-complished by increasing the expressions of Vgf, Hba-a2, Hbb-b1, and Hbb, and decreasing the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 , IL-6 , CD44 , Pnpla2 , Slc6 a5 and Slc5 a7 .

Aim To investigate the axonal regeneration effect of salidroside in MCAO rats and its potential mechanism.Methods Thirty-six healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, MCAO, MCAO+Sal groups.The rats were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion with suture-occluded method.Neurological deficit testing was performed with Zea Longa scale.The protein expression of p-Akt(Ser473), Akt, p-GSK-3β(Ser9), GSK-3β, p-CRMP-2(Thr514) and CRMP-2 in side cerebral ischemic tissues were determined using Western blot analysis.NF200 immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate axonal regeneration.Results Compared with MCAO group,salidroside significantly improved the neurological deficit,up-regulated the protein expression of NF200,p-Akt and p-GSK-3β,and inhibited the protein expression of p-CRMP-2.Conclusions Salidroside improves neurological function recovery after focal cerebral/ischemic injury in rats,which may be associated with the up-regulation of phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β and inhibition of phosphorylated CRMP-2,thereby promoting axonal regeneration.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Yanghe Pingchuan Decoction in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with syndrome of kidney deficiency and phlegm in the acute exacerbation stage.Methods:A total of 86 patients meeting the standard with acute exacerbation of COPD who were admitted to Haikou Hospital of TCM from May 2019 to July 2021 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group by random number table method, with 43 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with conventional Western medicine, and the patients in the experimental group were treated with Yanghe Pingchuan Decoction on the basis of the treatment in the control group. Both groups took 14 days of treatment. Scoring of TCM symptom of both groups before and after treatment was conducted. The serum levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA, and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and the percentage of FEV1 to predicted value (FEV1%) were detected by automatic pulmonary function tester. Clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The observed total effective rate was 90.70% (39/43) in the observation group, which was significantly higher than 72.09% (31/43) in the control group, with statistical significance ( χ2=4.91, P<0.05). After treatment, the symptom scores of cough and expectoration, wheezing, shortness of breath, poor appetite, sweating and cold limbs in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 10.21, 11.30, 15.77, 13.87, 8.73, respectively, all Ps<0.01); the levels of CRP and TNF-α，IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 22.43, 18.21, 20.90, respectively, all Ps<0.01); the levels of FEV1/FVC (62.58±5.23 vs. 58.47±11.61, t=2.12), FEV1 (63.79±1.47 vs. 60.17±10.94, t=2.15) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Yanghe Pingchuan Decoction can effectively improve the pulmonary function of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, relieve clinical symptoms, reduce the levels of serum CRP, TNF-α and IL-6, and improve the efficacy.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets in the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).Methods:A multicenter nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 282 acute NAION patients (282 eyes) were recruited from 16 hospitals in China from July 2020 to May 2021.Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment methods, which were control group (124 cases, 124 eyes) receiving regular treatment including citicoline sodium plus Ginkgo biloba leaf liquid extract or Ginkgo biloba leaf extract tablets plus mecobalamin, and experimental group (158 cases, 158 eyes) receiving treatment in control group plus oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets 1 mg, twice daily for 2 to 3 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field index (VFI), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC) were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after enrollment using the standard decimal visual acuity chart, 750i Humphery visual field analyzer, Cirrus HD-OCT 4000/Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, RTVue-XR optical coherence tomography respectively.The primary outcomes were BCVA and VFI, and the secondary outcomes were pRNFL, RPC, and the side effects during the follow-up.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.All patients were fully informed about the treatment and purpose of this study and voluntarily signed the informed consent form.The study protocol was approved by Chinese PLA General Hospital (No.S2020-021-01). Results:In all, 242 patients (242 eyes) completed the follow-up of BCVA, and 98 patients (98 eyes) completed the VFI follow-up.In terms of visual function, BCVA and VFI improved significantly over time in the two groups, and BCVA and VFI were better in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). In terms of structure, pRNFL gradually decreased in both groups with the extension of treatment, and pRNFL was significanthy thinner in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in RPC between the two groups at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). There were two cases with side effects and one case was discontinued due to side effects 25 days after enrollment. Conclusions:Oral anisodine hydrobromide can improve visual acuity and visual field in NAION and accelerate the regression of optic disc edema, with good safety.