AIM To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of paeoniflorin,albiflorin,neochlorogenic acid,chlororogenic acid,catechin,epicatechin,ethyl gallate,danshensu,ferulic acid,caffeic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,protocatechualdehyde and rosmarinic acid in Yangxue Qingnao Granules (Angelicae sinensis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Alba,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 20 ℃ thermostatic Waters Symmetry Shield RP C18 column (3.9 mm × 150 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) flowing at 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Fourteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges,whose average recoveries were 85.5％-107.0％ with the RSDs of 2.0％-5.0％.CONCLUSION This simple,sensitive,accurate and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Yangxue Qingnao Granules.

Objective To investigate the effects of acyl-CoA synthetase 5 (ACS5) silencing by siRNA on expression and proliferation of colon carcinoma cell lines.Methods The expression of ACS5 in 30 case colon carcinoma and adjacent tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.The siRNA of ACS5 with Lipofectamine2000TM was transfected into colon carcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and SW480).The expression of ACS5 in colon carcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and SW480) was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Proliferation of colon carcinoma cell lines was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimenthylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS).Results The expression of ACS5 in colon cancer was significantly higher than in adjacent tissues by immunohistochemical staining.The mRNA of ACS5 in siRNA-ACS5 group (0.18 ± 0.03) was significantly lower than in NC siRNA group (2.55 ± 0.31) and blank control group (2.48 ± 0.12) in HT-29 colon cancer lines,and the inhibition ratio was 92.96％ (F =146.9,P ＜0.01).The mRNA of ACS5 in siRNA-ACS5 group (0.14 ± 0.01) was significantly lower than in NC siRNA group (1.21 ± 0.05) and blank control group (1 ± 0.03) in SW480 colon cancer lines,and the inhibition ratio was 88.5％ (F =826.5.9,P ＜ 0.01).Proliferation of HT-29 and SW480 colon cancer line in siRNA-ACS5 group was slower on 72 h and 96 h than in NC siRNA group and blank control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Expression of ACS5 is elevated in colon cancer tissues.siRNA interference of colon cancer line downregulated ACS5 expression and inhibited the proliferation of the colon cancer cells.

Objective To determine the pharmacokinetic interaction between cefalor and bromhexine in healthy Chinese volunteers. Methods Twelve subjects received a cefaclor (CEF) treatment, a bromhexine (BHX) treatment, and a co-treatment of CEF and BHX with a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The wash-out time between periods was 14 days. The plasma and urine drug concentrations of CEF and BHX were detected by HPLC-UV and LC/MS, respectively. Results All the 12 volunteers completed the study. There were no significant differences in AUC0-t and Cmax of CEF in logarithm between the single administration group of CEF and the co-administration group of CEF with BHX. Two one sided t-test showed that CEF was bioequivalent in the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in tmax, MRT, t1/2, and Clr between the 2 groups. Vd/F was significantly lower in the single CEF group than in the co-administration group of CEF and BHX. There were no significant differences of AUC0-t and Cmax of BHX in logarithm between the single administration group of BHX and the co-administration group of BHX with CEF. Two one sided t-test showed that BHX was bioequivalent in the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in tmax, MRT, t1/2, Vd/F, and Clr between the 2 groups. Conclusion There is no significant pharmacokinetic parameter change in the drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion, but Va/F of CEF significant increases in the co-administration of CEF with BHX. The co-administration of CEF and BHX has no adverse drug interaction. The increase of Vd/F may be a favorable drug interaction, which may be the mechanism of the synergistic effect of the 2 drugs.

BACKGROUND:IPS e.max Presshas an excelent biocompati bility and corrosion resistance, which obtains satisfactory clinical outcomes on dental veneers, inlay and onlay restorations. But little is reported on molar monolithic restoration by IPS e.max Presscrown.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effects of IPS e.max Press crown on molar repair after root canal therapy.
METHODS:Totaly 215 patients with 324 affected molars, including 88 males and 127 females, aged 22-58 years old, were enroled for repairing with IPS e.max Presscrown. Then the color, shape, fracture and edge coloring of the restoration, marginal discrepancy, secondary caries and gingival health status were assessed after a 3-year folow-up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the folow-up, 324 dental restorations met the class A standards for color, marginal discrepancy, shape as wel as secondary caries. In addition,3restoration swere fractured, 14 restorations had margin coloring, and 8 restorations appeared to have gingival inflammation. More than 95% restorations were scored grade A. These results indicate that IPS e.max Press crown applied to molar repair after root canal therapy can achieve ideal outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To valuate test results of normal hearing persons with different ages using disyllabic mandarin speech test materials (MSTMs). Obtaining speech recognition threshold (SRT) and P-I function of different ages as clinical reference of hearing recovery and individual's ability to perceive and process speech. METHOD: One hundred and twenty subjects with normal hearing who speak mandarin well in their daily lives were enrolled in this study and divided into four groups (18-30, 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 years old). Nine lists of disyllabic mandarin speech test materials with equal difficulty were utilized to test each age group. RESULT: There are good agreement between SRT and mean PTA thresholds (at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kHz) in each age group. PTA thresholds have little change as age increasing in age group 18-30, 31-40 and 41-50 (P > 0.05). PTA threshold of age group 51-60 increases more apparently compared with the other three groups (P < 0.01). SRT thresholds of each age group increase as age increasing (P < 0.05) and SRT threshold of age group 51-60 increases more apparently (P < 0.01). Slopes of P-I function in each age group are 5.8%/dB, 4.7%/dB, 3.8%/dB, 2.9%/dB respectively. CONCLUSION Nine lists of disyllabic MSTMs were used to test normal hearing persons in different ages and SRT and P-I function of four different age groups were obtained. As age increases, SRT increases and slope of P-1 functions decreases. PTA and SRT thresholds of age group 51-60 increase more apparently. The SRT and P-I functions provide reference data of normal hearing for utilizing of disyllabic mandarin speech test materials clinically.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phonetics ; Reference Values ; Speech Reception Threshold Test ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the clinico-pathological features and renal outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with glomerular IgM deposition.Methods Primary IgAN diagnosed with biopsy from January 2006 to December 2011 were recruited.Patients were divided into groups according to IgM deposition (Group A) and without IgM deposition (Group B).In addition,Group A was subdivided into two groups based on the position of IgM deposits as the mesangium (Group A1) and both mesangium and capillary wall (Group A2).Renal outcomes were defined as end stage renal disease (ESRD) and/or the doubling of baseline serum creatinine.Clinico-pathological features were retrospectively compared.Kaplan-Meier was conducted for renal outcomes,and Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic value of IgM deposition and the position of IgM deposition in the progression of nephropathy in IgAN patients.Results 939 patients were enrolled with 422 (44.9％) having IgM deposition (Group A).Of the 422 patients,382 patients were divided as Group A 1,whereas 40 patients were noted as Group A2.Compared to Group B,hemoglobin,serum protein,albumin and serum IgG levels in group A were significantly lower,and the cholesterol and serum IgM levels were significantly higher (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),urinary protein,blood pressure and uric acid between group A and B.In terms of pathological manifestations,patients in Group A exhibited more severe histological lesions including glomerular sclerosis,S1,M1 and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration (all P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence showed that the proportion of IgG,C1q and Fg deposition in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (all P ＜ 0.05).By Kaplan-Meier,cumulative renal survival rate has no significant difference between Group A and B (Log-rank test x2=0.019,P=0.891).Univariate and muhivariable Cox regression analysis showed that IgM deposition had no significant effect on the renal progression in IgAN patients.Subgroup analysis showed that patients in Group A2 exhibited higher urine protein,creatinine and blood pressure,and lower eGFR and serum albumin,also had worse histological lesions including M1,E1 and T1-2 of Oxford classification (all P＜0.05),Immunofluorescencc showed that the proportion of IgG,C1q and Fg deposition in group A2 was significantly higher than that in group A1 (all P ＜ 0.05).By Kaplan-Meier,renal survival rates calculated from outcomes were lower in Group A2 (Log-rank test x2=1 8.207,P ＜ 0.001).In addition,IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall was a risk factor for renal progression of IgAN patients with IgM deposition by a univariate Cox hazards regression mode and multivariable-adjusted Cox models (HR=3.621,95％CI 1.924-6.814,P＜ 0.001;HR=2.309,95％CI 1.176-4.533,P=0.015respectively).Conclusions The IgAN patients with IgM deposition relatively had more severe clinicopathological changes,especially those with IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall.In this study,IgM deposition was not found to be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of kidney in IgAN patients.However,IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall was an independent risk factor for renal prognosis in IgAN patients with IgM deposition.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,imaging and pathological features and treatment prognosis of primary renal sarcoma in adults.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 48 patients with primary renal sarcoma from January 2009 to December 2018 in the first affiliated hospital and cancer center of Sun Yat-Sen university.There were 30 males and 18 females.Their aged ranged from 27 to 76 yrs with an average age of 50 yrs.A total of 24 patients presented with lumbar and abdominal pain.Abdominal mass was found in 2 cases.Gross hematuria was noticed in 4 cases.Febrile was recorded in 2 cases and 21 cases were diagnosed by physical examination.31 tumors located in the left kidney and 17 tumors located in the right kidney.The tumor diameter ranged from 3 to 16 cm with an average diameter of 8 cm.All patients underwent ultrasound or CT/MRI examination of the urinary system before surgery.The ultrasound showed the undistributed echo inside the tumor with the undistinguished border.The image of necrosis and liquefaction could be seen in some cases.The CT/MRI examination showed the lesion site with the necrosis,liquefaction or cystic changing.The mass exhibited the unregular enhancement with undistinguished border line.The mean diameter of liposcarcoma was 10.2 cm.CT scan demonstrated the relative low density of tumor,which was hard to be identified with AML.The average diameter of leiomyosarcoma was 6.5 cm.The enhanced CT scan showed the low density of tumor,compared with renal parenchyma.46 patients underwent radical nephrectomy,2 patients underwent renal tumor biopsy.And postoperative follow-up was performed.Results Pathological diagnosis revealed that 19 cases with liposarcoma,9 cases with leiomyosarcoma and 4 cases with synovial sarcoma,especially 4 cases with Ewing' s sarcoma and 12 cases with other sarcoma.36 cases were followed up and survived for 4 to 64 months.The average survival time was 28 months.The longest mean survival time was seen in patients with liposarcoma,which was 32 months (ranging 11 to 64 months).The mean survival time of synovial sarcoma group was 25 months (ranging 5-58 months).The mean survival time of Ewing's sarcoma group was 22 months(ranging 12-46 months).and the survival time of leiomyosarcoma group was the shortest 20 months (ranging 4-36 months).Conclusion Renal sarcoma is rare and highly malignant.It needs to be diagnosed with clinical manifestations,imaging and pathological data together.

Objective:To analyze the influence of lifestyle changes on body weight and metabolic parameters during the early stage of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and regular epidemic prevention period in physical examination population.Methods:A total of 801 subjects from Nanjing enterprises and institutions who underwent physical examination in the Department of Health Promotion Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in May of 2019 to 2021 were included in this study. The basic information and data of body mass index, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride and uric acid were collected. Information about dietary and exercise habits was obtained through pre-examination questionnaires. The data of 2019 was set as baseline data, data of 2020 represented information during the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic and data of 2021 represented information in regular epidemic prevention period. The subjects were divided into underweight group, normal weight group, overweight group, and obese group according to the body mass index at baseline. The Friedman test was applied to compare changes in body mass index and metabolic parameters across the population. Chi-square test was used to compare changes in dietary and exercise habits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the influencing factors of body mass index changes.Results:During the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic, the proportion of weight gain was the highest in the underweight group (42.9%), the proportion of weight loss was the highest in the overweight group (24.2%), and the obese group has the most stable body weight (70.6%) ( P=0.004). Men ( OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.36-0.87) were less likely to gain weight than women ( P=0.010). There was no significant differences in weight change among all groups in the regular epidemic prevention period ( P=0.380). During the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic, the levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly lower than those of baseline [4.98 (4.66, 5.42) vs 5.23 (4.91, 5.66) mmol/L, 4.98 (4.36, 5.67) vs 5.11 (4.54, 5.77) mmol/L, 2.90 (2.45, 3.33) vs 3.23 (2.77, 3.74) mmol/L], and the uric acid level was higher [333.0 (275.5, 397.0) vs 311.0 (257.5, 368.0) μmol/L] (all P<0.001). In regular epidemic prevention period, the levels of body mass index, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly higher than those in the early stage of the epidemic [24.0 (21.9, 26.3) vs 23.8 (21.7, 26.1) kg/m 2, 5.18 (4.85, 5.62) vs 4.98 (4.66, 5.42) mmol/L, 5.12 (4.42, 5.76) vs 4.98 (4.36, 5.67) mmol/L, 3.06 (2.59, 3.57) vs 2.90 (2.45, 3.33) mmol/L], while the uric acid was significantly lower [319.0 (265.0, 377.0) vs 333.0 (275.5, 397.0) μmol/L] (all P<0.001). During the early stage of the epidemic, the reduction proportion of unhealthy diet in the home group was significantly higher than that in the outing group (19.5% vs 11.4%), and the increment proportion of exercise in the outing group was significantly higher than that in the home group (5.1% vs 1.6%) (both P<0.05). In regular epidemic prevention period, the increase rate of unhealthy diet in the home group was significantly higher than that in the outing group (26.8% vs 13.0%) ( P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in exercise between the two groups ( P=0.325). During the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic and in the regular epidemic prevention period, unhealthy diet>3 times per week ( OR=3.85, 3.01, 95% CI: 1.74-8.51, 1.41-6.39) was positively correlated with weight gain, and regular exercise ( OR=4.35, 2.61, 95% CI: 2.05-9.23, 1.15-5.91) was positively correlated with weight loss (all P<0.05). Conclusions:During the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic and in the regular epidemic prevention period, the lifestyle in the physical examination population has an impact on body weight and metabolic indicators. In the early stage of the epidemic, unhealthy diet and exercise decreased, and metabolic indicators such as blood glucose and lipids decreased. People with low body weight tend to gain weight. In the regular epidemic prevention period, the subjects′ exercise increased but unhealthy diet also increased, and blood glucose, lipid and body weight elevated significantly.