With the increase in the incidence rates of obesity and other metabolic syndromes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases. More and more studies have shown that NAFLD is one of the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanism of NAFLD in HCC remains unclear. Recent studies have found that intestinal microflora imbalance, inflammatory response, adipokines, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, adipose progenitor cells, and genetic mutation are involved in the development of NAFLD-related HCC. Major treatment methods for NAFLD include exercise and diet intervention, insulin sensitizer, antioxidants, probiotics, and lipid-lowering drugs. However, it is still unknown whether these methods can effectively prevent NAFLD-related HCC. This article reviews recent advances in the prevalence, pathogenesis, prevention, monitoring, and screening of NAFLD-related HCC.